Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
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Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />
Foreword...............................................................................................................................................................................6<br />
Author’s.Note.........................................................................................................................................................................8<br />
Executive.Summary...............................................................................................................................................................9<br />
1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................11<br />
2. What.is.<strong>Biodiversity</strong>?......................................................................................................................................................11<br />
3. Why.is.<strong>Biodiversity</strong>.Important.to.<strong>Afghanistan</strong>?...............................................................................................................12<br />
4. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Human.Population...................................................................................................................................12<br />
5. Topography,.Climate.<strong>and</strong>.Hydrology............................................................................................................................13<br />
6. Biogeography.<strong>and</strong>.Ecological.Classification................................................................................................................15<br />
7. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.L<strong>and</strong>.Cover.............................................................................................................................................19<br />
8. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Eco-regions.............................................................................................................................................20<br />
8.1. Closed.Forest.Vegetation................................................................................................................................. 20<br />
8.1.1.East.Afghan.Montane.Conifer.Forests.(PA0506)...................................................................................... 20<br />
8.1.2.Baluchistan.Xeric.Woodl<strong>and</strong>s.(PA1307).................................................................................................. 21<br />
8.2. Open.Woodl<strong>and</strong>.Vegetation........................................................................................................................... 22<br />
8.2.1.Central.Afghan.Mountains.Xeric.Woodl<strong>and</strong>s.(PA1309)........................................................................... 22<br />
8.2.2.Paropamisus.Xeric.Woodl<strong>and</strong>s.(PA1322)................................................................................................ 22<br />
8.3. Semi-Desert.Vegetation................................................................................................................................... 22<br />
8.3.1.Afghan.Mountains.Semi-Desert.(PA1301)............................................................................................... 23<br />
8.3.2.Badkhiz.(Badghis)-Karabil.Semi-Desert.(PA1306).................................................................................... 23<br />
8.3.3.Central.Persian.Desert.Basins.(PA1313)................................................................................................... 23<br />
8.3.4.Registan-North.Pakistan.S<strong>and</strong>y.Desert.(PA1326)..................................................................................... 23<br />
8.4. Subalpine.<strong>and</strong>.Alpine.Vegetation.................................................................................................................... 24<br />
8.4.1.Karakoram-West.Tibetan.Plateau.Alpine.Steppe.(PA1006)..................................................................... 24<br />
8.4.2.Pamir.Alpine.Desert.And.Tundra.(PA1014).............................................................................................. 24<br />
8.4.3.Hindu.Kush.Alpine.Meadow.(PA1005)..................................................................................................... 24<br />
8.4.4.Ghorat-Hazarajat.Alpine.Meadow.(PA1004).......................................................................................... 24<br />
9. Eco-region.Status..........................................................................................................................................................25<br />
10. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Wetl<strong>and</strong>s.................................................................................................................................................26<br />
11. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Riparian.Areas.........................................................................................................................................27<br />
12. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Species...................................................................................................................................................27<br />
12.1.Mammals......................................................................................................................................................... 28<br />
12.2.Birds................................................................................................................................................................. 29<br />
12.3.Reptiles............................................................................................................................................................ 30<br />
12.4.Amphibians...................................................................................................................................................... 31<br />
12.5.Fish................................................................................................................................................................... 31<br />
12.6.Invertebrates.................................................................................................................................................... 32<br />
12.7.Plants............................................................................................................................................................... 32<br />
12.8.Lichens.<strong>and</strong>.Fungi............................................................................................................................................ 33<br />
13. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Species.at.Risk.........................................................................................................................................34<br />
13.1.IUCN.Red.List.<strong>of</strong>.Threatened.Species............................................................................................................... 34<br />
13.1.Convention.on.the.International.Trade.in.Endangered.Species.<strong>of</strong>.Wild.Flora.<strong>and</strong>.Fauna.(CITES).................... 34<br />
14. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Endemic.Species....................................................................................................................................35<br />
15. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Protected.Areas.......................................................................................................................................35<br />
15.1.B<strong>and</strong>-i-Amir.National.Park................................................................................................................................ 37<br />
15.2.Ajar.Valley.Wildlife.Reserve.............................................................................................................................. 39<br />
15.3.Ab-i-Estada...................................................................................................................................................... 40<br />
15.4.Dasht-i-Nawar.................................................................................................................................................. 41<br />
15.5.Hamun-i-Puzak................................................................................................................................................. 43<br />
15.6.Kol-i-Hashmat.Khan.......................................................................................................................................... 44<br />
15.7.Wakhan........................................................................................................................................................... 45<br />
15.8.Nuristan............................................................................................................................................................ 47<br />
15.9.Zadran............................................................................................................................................................. 47<br />
15.10.Imam.Sahib................................................................................................................................................... 47<br />
15.11.Darqad.......................................................................................................................................................... 47<br />
15.12.Northwest.<strong>Afghanistan</strong>................................................................................................................................... 48<br />
15.13.Registan.Desert.............................................................................................................................................. 48<br />
16. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Agricultural.<strong>Biodiversity</strong>............................................................................................................................49<br />
16.1.The.Significance.<strong>of</strong>.Agricultural.<strong>Biodiversity</strong>..................................................................................................... 49<br />
16.2.Varieties.<strong>of</strong>.Agricultural.Species....................................................................................................................... 49<br />
16.3.Wild.Species.as.the.Ancestors.<strong>of</strong>.Agricultural.Species..................................................................................... 50<br />
16.4.<strong>Afghanistan</strong>’s.Crop.<strong>and</strong>.Livestock.Species.<strong>and</strong>.Varieties................................................................................. 50
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