Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
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The more accessible conifer forests <strong>of</strong> Nuristan Province are increasingly being threatened by illegal logging. Timber is <strong>of</strong>ten illegally<br />
transported to Pakistan where it is sold to traders <strong>and</strong> on to carpentry workshops for secondary transformation<br />
Liverworts.are.the.most.primitive.true.plants.<strong>and</strong>.<br />
consist. <strong>of</strong>. moss-like. or. ribbon-like. leaves.. They.<br />
tend.to.grow.in.moist.areas..Appendix.9.lists.the.<br />
16.Afghan.species.noted.by.Frey.(1977)..<br />
Only. one. plant. species,. Ulmus wallichiana, the.<br />
Himalayan.elm,.is.on.the.IUCN.Red.List..Eight.plant.<br />
species.are.listed.on.CITES.Appendix.II.<br />
12.8 Lichens <strong>and</strong> Fungi<br />
Fungi.are.plant-like.organisms.that.lack.chlorophyll.<br />
<strong>and</strong>.absorb.food.from.their.habitats..They.do.not.<br />
require.sunlight.for.their.growth.<strong>and</strong>.can.therefore.<br />
live. in. dark. places.. Only. three. very. preliminary.<br />
for Global Environment Management (NCSA) for <strong>Afghanistan</strong><br />
papers. (see. Appendix. 12). were. found. treating.<br />
the. fungi. <strong>of</strong>. <strong>Afghanistan</strong>.. There. are. probably.<br />
thous<strong>and</strong>s.<strong>of</strong>.Afghan.fungi.species..<br />
Lichens.are.combinations.<strong>of</strong>.a.fungus.<strong>and</strong>.an.algae.<br />
growing. together. in. a. symbiotic. relationship.. In.<br />
<strong>Afghanistan</strong>,.there.are.208.known.species.<strong>of</strong>.lichens.<br />
(Appendix.10)..Xanthoria elegans.is.the.most.common.<br />
lichen.in.<strong>Afghanistan</strong>..X. elegans.is.an.orange-red,.<br />
nitrogen-loving.lichen.with.a.worldwide.distribution.<br />
<strong>and</strong>. is. <strong>of</strong>ten. associated. with. bird. <strong>and</strong>. mammal.<br />
urine..Other.common.lichens.are.Lecanora muralis.<br />
<strong>and</strong>. Caloplaca biatorina.. Genera. widespread.<br />
elsewhere.in.the.world,.such.as.Cladonia,.Alectoria,.<br />
Hypogymnia.<strong>and</strong>.Usnea,.do.not.appear.to.occur.in.<br />
<strong>Afghanistan</strong>.(Steiner.&.Poelt.1986).<br />
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