the vascular flora of the natchez trace parkway - NPS Inventory and ...

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1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 History of the Natchez Trace Parkway The influence of the “Natchez Trace” (Trace) in our nation’s westward expansion and the associated economic and political development is often understated. Since its earliest beginnings, the Trace has played a vital role in transportation, trade, and communications at a local, regional, and even national level. In use since pre-historic times, the Trace has been witness to a diverse array of travelers from many important eras in our nation’s history. As an economic route serving its earliest users, the American Indian, to its use by a multitude of European and American travelers, the Trace has provided a viable and convenient means of north to south travel. In contemporary times the roadway and associated lands have preserved countless examples of our nation’s scenic and historical treasures. Throughout history, the Natchez Trace Parkway (NATR) has entwined its way in the lives and history of the people and places of the southeastern United States. As a vast network of intertwined trails, the early Trace was used by American Indians as a major trade route between the various regional Indian nations. Around 1540, Hernando DeSoto is believed to be the first European to travel part of the route in his exploration of the southeastern United States. In the late 1600’s the French used the Trace to travel southward from their settlements in the St. Lawrence Valley, and the Revolutionary War saw use of the trace by troops in eastern Tennessee (Crutchfield 1985). Numerous merchants from Nashville, and other up-stream locales, transported their wares down the Mississippi River to ports such as Natchez, Mississippi or New Orleans, Louisiana. Upon arriving at their destination these merchants would market their goods, selling everything including their boats or rafts which were sold for the lumber, and then return to their homes on foot or horseback along the Trace (NATR staff 2002). In addition, countless un-named merchants, slave traders, land speculators, and other “businessmen” utilized the Trace as a means of north-south travel. Not to be left out, unscrupulous robbers and thieves took advantage of many weary and un-wary travelers along the way. A few prominent and well known personalities such as Meriwether Lewis, John J. Audubon, Jim Bowie, Sam Houston, and others used the route at one time or another. In 1800, Congress established the Trace as a postal route and charged the United States Army to clear a new road from Nashville to Natchez. After the Revolutionary War use of the Trace was encouraged as a means of increased transportation and communication between settlements in the east and Natchez to the west. Following the defense of New Orleans in the War of 1812, American troops used the Trace to return to their homes in the north. 8
As the number of travelers increased, more people began utilizing horses and wagons as the preferred method of transportation. The route of the Trace would also change, with changes in the weather. Old paths would become too muddy and eventually covered in ruts, too deep for wagons to pass. In response travelers would create new routes to bypass these sections, and continue on. Throughout history the actual location of the Trace, or individual sections, has often been dynamic. Many such changes were driven, at least in part, by changes in the modes of transportation utilized over time. By 1820, as technological developments advanced, steam boats were in common use along the Mississippi River and made up river travel much more practical. As a result, traffic along the Trace began to diminish (NATR staff 2002). Following the diminishing travel on the Trace, the route fell into disrepair and nature began to reclaim the route. Figure 1: The Natchez Trace Parkway in the Southeastern United States Natchez, MS ● Tupelo, MS ● Nashville, TN ● ● Jackson, MS After decades of decline, and the onset of the Great Depression, interest in the Trace was renewed. In the early 1930’s then Mississippi Congressman Thomas Jefferson Busby, a native of Tishomingo County, entered legislation calling for an initial survey of the route. Prompted at least in part as a means of providing badly needed jobs for large numbers of the region’s unemployed, on May 21, 1934 the 73rd United States Congress commissioned the National Park Service (NPS) to make a survey of “the 9 ● Muscle Shoals, AL Natchez Trace Parkway ───
Page 1 and 2: THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE NATCHEZ T
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Page 5 and 6: A. Kruse 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXE
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The Vascular Flora of the Natchez T
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Godfrey, R.K. and J.W. Wooten. 1981
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APPENDIX A Collection Locations by
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Site Date Site Description GPS Coor
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APPENDIX B Endemic Vascular Plants
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Family Taxon NATR Voucher State Ref
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APPENDIX C Locations of Rare, Threa
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some degree of color variation in t
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Taxon State Location Last Verified
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APPENDIX D Alphabetical List (by Ge
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Taxon Common Name(s) Codes Voucher
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