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Figs 20–23. Morphology of female genitalia of Tischeriidae: 20 – Tischeria ekebladoides, antrum, Tunisia; 21 – Coptotriche berberella, ductus spermathecae, Spain; 22 – C. heinemanni, apophyses from dorsal side, Ukraine; 23 – C. angusticolella, corpus bursae and ductus spermathecae, Tunisia 32
Phylogeny Morphological or trophic differences among tischeriids have prompted the erection of a few sections or species-groups within the family. Five sections have been designated in the Nearctic fauna by Braun (1972). These were not followed (at least in most cases) by workers on the European fauna. Until recently all known tischeriid species in the world were treated as belonging to a single genus (i. e., Tischeria Zeller, 1839). However, the monotypic concept of the family was contradicted by Leraut (1993), who erected a new genus Emmetia. Our personal studies of the genitalia of some tropical species and particularly studies of chromosomes and gonads (Puplesienë & Puplesis, manuscript/unpublished) well support the polytypic concept of the family. Unfortunately, Leraut (1993) did not notice that his newly erected genus completely corresponded with Coptotriche of Walsingham (1890), a genus designated for Northern American tischeriids, which for the last hundred years has been commonly treated as a junior synonym of Tischeria Zeller, 1839. Further, Leraut (1993) associated the name Coptotriche with Tischeria (s. str.), not with Emmetia, suggesting that he had no idea what Coptotriche of Walsingham actually represented. Tischeria complanoides Frey & Boll, 1873 was designated originally by Walsingham (1890) as the type-species for Coptotriche; however complanoides is a commonly recognized junior synonym of T. zelleriella Clemens, 1859. Irrespective of whether complanoides is recognized as a separate species from zelleriella or not (we recognize it as a synonym), the type-species of Coptotriche possesses the same phylogenetically important characters as the species of Emmetia, including the type-species Tischeria marginea Haworth, 1828: the broadened valva, tulip-shaped and spined aedeagus, presence of transtilla, absence of a juxta, diaphragma with spines, greatly extended membranous half of ductus spermathecae, etc. Interestingly, one of most striking characters of the genus, the broadened valva, was illustrated by Walsingham 113 years ago (Walsingham, 1890: fig. c). The name Coptotriche can not be treated as a nomen nudum; it was used by Braun (1972) and twice by Leraut (1993). Therefore, the recently erected Emmetia has to be synonymized (Diðkus, Puplesis, 2003). But a new genus (Astrotischeria Puplesis & Diðkus) is described by us from Northern and Southern America for tischeriid species with striking genitalia and feeding characters. Three main lineages of generic rank can be recognized within Tischeriidae (fig. 24). The first (Tischeria) may be the best characterized by the development of a juxta in the male genitalia, and an antrum in the female genitalia; the second (Astrotischeria) by the development of a dorsal lobe to the valva, the uncus overlaid dorsally by lobes of the pseuduncus, utilization of new host-plant families (particularly Asteraceae), and the third (Coptotriche) by the development of transtilla, spines on the diaphragma, a ‘tulip-shaped’ aedeagus and by the great enlargement of the membranous half of the ductus spermathecae in the female genitalia. The cladogram of the Tischeriidae (fig. 24) is based on 34 apomorphies listed in the disertation or published version in Diðkus, Puplesis, 2003. 33
Page 1 and 2: VILNIUS UNIVERSITY Arûnas Diðkus
Page 3 and 4: VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS Arûnas Dið
Page 5 and 6: 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Relevance of t
Page 7 and 8: The first catalogue of the world Ne
Page 9 and 10: The results of the doctoral thesis
Page 11 and 12: abdominal pelts of both sexes were
Page 13 and 14: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3. STRATEGIC
Page 15 and 16: Genera and species Period of mining
Page 17 and 18: Table 2. A taxonomic list of Neptic
Page 19 and 20: Species number 50 45 40 35 30 25 20
Page 21 and 22: Genera and species OM IN NP LK 23.
Page 23 and 24: Genera and species Eastern part Sak
Page 25 and 26: Table 5. Taxonomic check-list of cu
Page 27 and 28: Table 6. A check-list of currently
Page 29 and 30: Despite very high species endemism,
Page 31: Figs 16, 17. Morphology of male gen
Page 35 and 36: In Central Asia, 90 nepticulid spec
Page 37 and 38: iðtirti Tischeriidae kolekcinæ me
Page 39 and 40: VPU Zoologijos katedros posëdþiuo
Page 41 and 42: atas ir pilvelis, ið dalies paðal
Page 43 and 44: ticulidae rûðys; dar dvi neatogr
Page 45 and 46: 8. Autoriaus tyrimai parodë, kad b
Page 47 and 48: agus, sklerotizuotos pateliø kiau
Page 49 and 50: 14. Puplesis, R., Diðkus, A. 2003.
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