Arūnas Diškus - VPU biblioteka - Vilniaus pedagoginis universitetas

In Central Asia, 90 nepticulid species were recognized; in total, the
endemism of the Central Asiatic Nepticulidae fauna is very high (71%)
and about half (53%) the Central Asiatic species with a known host-plant
are trophically associated with Rosaceae.
Study of material collected from Oman and the Indian subcontinent yielded
34 species of Nepticulidae (including twelve new to science).
In total, 105 species of Nepticulidae are reviewed for East Asia (63 of them
were recorded only from the eastern part of the Mandshurian region,
with one species as new to science and 15 species distributed from Europe
to the Mandshurian region.
Study of Neotropical material (74 earlier recorded species and 16 new)
has shown a high level of endemism of the Nepticulidae fauna in general,
and also demonstrated the phenomenon of Acalyptris predomination.
Ten species of Tischeriidae (including 9 new ones) are now known from
southern Africa, i. e., the same number as from Europe with a two hundred
year history of investigation; the southern African tischeriids are associated
with host-plants of at least of 4 families and 6 genera: Rhamnaceae (Scutia),
Tiliaceae (Grewia, Sparmannia, Triumfeta), Anacardiaceae (Rhus) and
Combretaceae (Terminalia).
New data and revision of all published records confirmed 1027 species of
Nepticuloidea & Tischerioidea currently recognized for the world fauna;
most of them, 780 species, belong to the Nepticulidae, 130 to the
Opostegidae 117 to the Tischeriidae. In the Neotropical region the
nepticulid genus Acalyptris predominates (accounting for up to 50% of the
nepticulid fauna); Stigmella is the dominant nepticulid genus in most
geographical regions and in non-tropical areas of the Neotropical region.
The world Nepticuloidea & Tischerioidea are trophically associated with
66 plant families: most species occur on Rosaceae (123 species) and
Fagaceae (93 species); to a lesser extent, but still widely utilised, are such
families as: Rhamnaceae (32 species), Asteraceae (31 species), Fabaceae
(31 species), Salicaceae (28 species) and Betulaceae (27 species).
In the light of host-plant data, the evolution of the Nepticuloidea or Tischerioidea
probably occurred by way of trophic adaptation to 7 plant subclasses from the 12
recognized; four of these host-plant subclasses are common to all three studied
moth families: Hamamelididae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae and Lamiidae.
Three main lineages of generic rank can be recognized within Tischeriidae.
The first (Tischeria) may be the best characterized by the development of a
juxta in the male genitalia, and an antrum in the female genitalia; the
second (Astrotischeria) by the development of a dorsal lobe to the valva, the
uncus overlaid dorsally by lobes of the pseuduncus, utilization of new
host-plant families (particularly Asteraceae), and the third (Coptotriche)
by the development of transtilla, spines on the diaphragma, a ‘tulip-shaped’
aedeagus and by the great enlargement of the membranous half of the
ductus spermathecae in the female genitalia.
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