Lecture 7 - Genome Tools

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•Question of “adult stem cells”- •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell Stem cells •Stem cells discovered from analysis of teratocarcinoma (germ cell) in 1964 •A single cell can be isolated and remain undifferentiated in culture, “embryonic carcinoma cell” •Cultured and stimulated to produce many different cell types •ES cells first derived from mouse embryos in 1981 (MEvans, MKaufman, GRMartin) •2005: Pluripotent stem cells from adult fibroblast cultures
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell Embryonic stem cells •Embryonic stem cells are stem cells derived from inner cell mass of early stage embryo, “blastcyst” •Human embryos reach blastocyst stage at 4-5 days; 50-150 cells •Pluripotent: into three primary germ layers, ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm •Adult body has >220 differentiated cell types
Page 1 and 2: Mammals as bioreactor •Use of ani
Page 3 and 4: •http://www.conncoll.edu/ccacad/z
Page 5 and 6: •http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/chi
Page 7 and 8: “…missed it, by this much”
Page 9 and 10: •Stem cells
Page 11: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emb
Page 15 and 16: Irving Weissman: hemapoietic stem c
Page 17 and 18: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amg
Page 19 and 20: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amg
Page 21 and 22: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epo
Page 23 and 24: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epo
Page 26 and 27: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hem
Page 28 and 29: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hem
Page 30 and 31: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ima
Page 32 and 33: Lecture 6: Chapter 8 •Directed mu
Page 34 and 35: Natural selection and growth: How?
Page 36 and 37: Natural mutation: HBB, beta hemoglo
Page 38 and 39: Another perspective: people and mut
Page 40 and 41: Site-directed mutagenesis •Theore
Page 42 and 43: Tools: deamination repair systems
Page 44 and 45: Enrichment for mutations: dut/ung
Page 46 and 47: Variation: Directed mutagenesis wit
Page 48 and 49: Second generation variation: Random
Page 50 and 51: Random mutagenesis with error-prone
Page 52 and 53: Hybrids generated by shuffling prot
Page 54 and 55: Mutant proteins with non-universal
Page 56 and 57: Protein engineering •2003 •1000
Page 58 and 59: Reasons to mutate: One immediate go
Page 60 and 61: Example 2: ribonuclease •Bull sem
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Changing Asn to other AAc •At hig
Page 64 and 65:
Increasing enzymatic activity •Mo
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Metal cofactor requirement •Modif
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Decreasing protein sensitivity •S
Page 70 and 71:
Modifying protein specificity •Pr
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Modifying antibodies •Hypervariab
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Modifying two properties: Increasin
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Altering multiple properties simult
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Laundry, detergent and mushrooms
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Molecular analysis of hybrid peroxi
Page 83 and 84:
Therapeutic agents •Horse/cow ser
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Bioprospecting: Microbes with desir
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Aspirin: “Age of Industrializatio
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Natural Products: Tamoxifin •Tamo
Page 91 and 92:
Natural Products: Bioprospecting
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Recombinant proteins for human use
Page 95 and 96:
Hybrid products: INF •IFN cDNA is
Page 97 and 98:
Recombinant modification: hTNF-α
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Optimizing gene expression •Multi
Page 101 and 102:
Treatment with secreting bacteria
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Treatment •Genentech: hDNase I in
Page 105 and 106:
Clearing the lungs 2 with alginate
Page 107 and 108:
Alginate lyase[s] •ORF 69,000 Da
Page 109 and 110:
Phenylketonuria (PKU) •Autosomal
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Lecture 7 - Genome Tools

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