Lecture 7 - Genome Tools

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“Green Revolution” •Nobel 08, Biology •Montagnier, Barre-Sinoussi (HIV); Hausen (HPV) •Nobel 08, Chemistry •Roger Tsien, Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura •“Green fluorescent protein (GFP)” •“…impact of GFP on science to the invention of the microscope… the protein has been ‘a guiding star for biochemists, biologists, medical scientists and other researchers’.” •http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-10/09/content_7088785.htm •http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=95504782
•http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-10/09/content_7088785.htm •http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=95504782 “Color Revolution” •Nobel 08, Chemistry •When exposed to uv light, protein glows green •Used as a tracer to expose movement •Mark particular cells in a tissue •Shows when and where particular genes turn on and off •“The Brainbow:” ‘spectacular experiment tags different nerve cells in the brain of a mouse’ •“Nature Nov 1, 2007 “Over The Brainbow” •~100 yrs ago Ramon Y Cajal stain Golgi on nerve cells- door to modern neurobiology •Could see previously invisible axons and dendrites as they moved in the tissue •‘Now, a method to visualize many distinct cells within a brain circuit’ •JLivet…JWLichtman. “Transgenic strategies…in the nervous system”
Page 1 and 2: Mammals as bioreactor •Use of ani
Page 3: •http://www.conncoll.edu/ccacad/z
Page 7 and 8: “…missed it, by this much”
Page 9 and 10: •Stem cells
Page 11 and 12: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emb
Page 13 and 14: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emb
Page 15 and 16: Irving Weissman: hemapoietic stem c
Page 17 and 18: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amg
Page 19 and 20: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amg
Page 21 and 22: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epo
Page 23 and 24: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epo
Page 26 and 27: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hem
Page 28 and 29: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hem
Page 30 and 31: •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ima
Page 32 and 33: Lecture 6: Chapter 8 •Directed mu
Page 34 and 35: Natural selection and growth: How?
Page 36 and 37: Natural mutation: HBB, beta hemoglo
Page 38 and 39: Another perspective: people and mut
Page 40 and 41: Site-directed mutagenesis •Theore
Page 42 and 43: Tools: deamination repair systems
Page 44 and 45: Enrichment for mutations: dut/ung
Page 46 and 47: Variation: Directed mutagenesis wit
Page 48 and 49: Second generation variation: Random
Page 50 and 51: Random mutagenesis with error-prone
Page 52 and 53: Hybrids generated by shuffling prot
Page 54 and 55:
Mutant proteins with non-universal
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Protein engineering •2003 •1000
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Reasons to mutate: One immediate go
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Example 2: ribonuclease •Bull sem
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Changing Asn to other AAc •At hig
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Increasing enzymatic activity •Mo
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Metal cofactor requirement •Modif
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Decreasing protein sensitivity •S
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Modifying protein specificity •Pr
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Modifying antibodies •Hypervariab
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Modifying two properties: Increasin
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Altering multiple properties simult
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Laundry, detergent and mushrooms
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Molecular analysis of hybrid peroxi
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Therapeutic agents •Horse/cow ser
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Bioprospecting: Microbes with desir
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Aspirin: “Age of Industrializatio
Page 89 and 90:
Natural Products: Tamoxifin •Tamo
Page 91 and 92:
Natural Products: Bioprospecting
Page 93 and 94:
Recombinant proteins for human use
Page 95 and 96:
Hybrid products: INF •IFN cDNA is
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Recombinant modification: hTNF-α
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Optimizing gene expression •Multi
Page 101 and 102:
Treatment with secreting bacteria
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Treatment •Genentech: hDNase I in
Page 105 and 106:
Clearing the lungs 2 with alginate
Page 107 and 108:
Alginate lyase[s] •ORF 69,000 Da
Page 109 and 110:
Phenylketonuria (PKU) •Autosomal
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Lecture 7 - Genome Tools

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