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World government for dummies

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Appendix 2: Cell Biology Primer<br />

Others in the food pipe do the same to let food material<br />

move smoothly down the gullet. Salivary gland cells in the<br />

mouth secrete saliva. Liver cells secrete bile. Nerve cells<br />

(neurons) manufacture neurotransmitters that conduct<br />

electrical signals.<br />

In plants, cells per<strong>for</strong>m similar functions – absorb water<br />

and nutrients from the soil, synthesize chlorophyll, trap<br />

sunlight and create food in seeds and spores. Walls of<br />

plant cells may be made up of cellulose fibres, which adds<br />

to their bulk and strength.<br />

All cells have a basic structure. A typical cell is made up<br />

of:<br />

1. Cell wall – encloses the cell; provides it a shape;<br />

separates it from other cells and the environment<br />

2. Plasma membrane – layer below the cell wall; acts<br />

as a gateway to material transport in and out of the<br />

cell<br />

3. Cytoplasm – jelly-like semi-fluid containing other cell<br />

components or organelles, namely:<br />

a) Nucleus – contains hereditary code of life in<br />

the <strong>for</strong>m of chromosomes or bundles of<br />

extremely long intertwined strands of<br />

dioxyribonucleic acid (DNA)<br />

b) Mitochondria – acts as the power house of a<br />

112 <strong>World</strong> Government Slave Handbook

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