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Appendix 2: Cell Biology Primer<br />
cell - processes food and synthesizes adenine<br />
triphosphate (ATP), the energy molecule; also<br />
carries genetic material known as<br />
mitochondrial DNA<br />
c) Endoplasmic reticulum – contains free strands<br />
of genetic material known as RNA, which<br />
synthesizes proteins (building block) and lipids<br />
(energy stores)<br />
d) Golgi apparatus – packages proteins and lipids<br />
synthesized by endoplasmic reticulum and<br />
dispatches them to other organelles<br />
e) Lysosome – recycles various substances to<br />
very basic basic components; also exports<br />
waste products to outside the cell; also<br />
involved in cell death in some special cases.<br />
The nucleus is the main part of a cell. It contains long<br />
strands of DNA, organised as chromosomes. Each cell<br />
has a full set of chromosomes required <strong>for</strong> the function<br />
of any cell in the organism. However, only those<br />
functions that are relevant <strong>for</strong> the cell will be expressed<br />
or activated in a cell. For example, in a plant, the DNA<br />
function <strong>for</strong> photosynthesis would be inhibited in root<br />
cells in the roots but expressed in leaf cells.<br />
At the beginning of life, an organism starts from a single<br />
cell. As it divides into several cells (within that<br />
<strong>World</strong> Government Slave Handbook 113
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