The case of pidgin and creole languages - Linguistics

Katseff Page Page numbers
There is some similarity between Mauritian Creole spatial terms and their English
equivalents, but the two systems are ultimately quite different. English does not have a
single term corresponding well to Mauritian Creole dah 'at, in, on, to', or latet 'top', nor
does it assign lor 'on' to the same types of relations (most saliently, lor does not cover
attachment).
Too many substrate languages were relevant to the formation of Mauritian Creole to lay
them all out here in detail, but none of them appear to have systems very close or
identical to that of Mauritian Creole. Hindi and Mandarin both use postpositions rather
than prepositions, and Hindi expresses some spatial relations using a system of possessive
plus a nominal. Thus, like Berbice Dutch Creole, Mauritian Creole has created a unique
spatial system of its own.
Tok Pisin
There is no consensus on when Tok Pisin (also called Melanesian Pidgin) arose as a
language. Europeans started to visit the New Guinea region in large numbers at the
beginning of the 1800s as the area became known for its whales, sandalwood, and beche-
la-mer. Trade was nearly stymied by the lack of a common language; whereas previously
it was possible to learn a single local language and use it as a medium of communication,
the linguistic diversity of Papua New Guinea made choosing a single indigenous
language impossible. Consequently English words were used instead. This common