computing lives - FTP Directory Listing

More documents

Recommendations

Info

A Computer Previous Page | Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out | Front Cover | Search Issue | Next Page M S BE aG F 64 RESEARCH FEATURE Any part of the ABC model in Figure 2 is reusable. The assumptions and context factors are particularly important because they capture the properties that might not hold when the organization reuses the model for a different situation. However, because the model requires the explicit capture of assumptions and context factors and links these to particular goals and strategies, the organization can clearly see which parts of the model need to be reevaluated when an assumption or context factor changes. The result is the flexibility to adapt goals and strategies to particular market needs and to analyze the consequences to the organization. APPLICATION SCENARIOS We have already taken steps to apply the GQM + Strategies approach in various industrial settings. Although our approach focuses on software development, it is finding equal utility in broader contexts, as the applications in Table 1 illustrate. A few studies are ongoing to get more insights into the deployment of GQM + Strategies. So far, most of the studies have reached the phase of initially setting up a GQM + Strategies grid, but they have not yet progressed to the point of using and maintaining it. The GQM + Strategies approach provides many features for organizations that want to create a software measurement program that is consistent with and contributes to the achievement of goals at all organizational levels. Our sample application illustrates the use of GQM + Strategies in a single context with three goal levels. Other situations might call for additional levels, but generally the process of capturing multilevel goals includes a business goal level, a set of lower-level goals, and a project-specific goal level. Each of these levels, in turn, can have multiple peer goals. Regardless of how many levels the organization COMPUTER Table 1. Ongoing applications of the GQM + Strategies approach. Business Domain Application European telecommunications company Telecommunications Drive strategic improvement programs, support paradigm shift toward purpose-driven metrics European automotive supplier Automotive Support CMMI’s Measurement and Analysis process area European network testing company International software company Telecommunications Evaluate cost, benefit, and schedule for modernizing existing product suite Embedded systems used in telecommunications Increase the visibility at all organizational levels of how strategic decisions impact operations Asian insurance company Information systems Align strategies and goals for new business domain Asian systems engineering organization Joint research project to develop a common software platform Safety-critical software for aerospace application Support of complex, dynamic business processes in a variety of domains, including logistics, retail, and customized industrial facilities Increase visibility of goals and strategies and derived measurement goals to enhance supplier collaboration Align project objectives and business objectives of involved research and industry partners requires, all levels must be based on well-defined goals, each with an associated strategy, documented context factors and assumptions, and a measurement and evaluation framework. The most important benefit of applying GQM + Strategies is the resulting transparency of measurement motivations and goals at different organizational levels, which makes it easier to identify goal relationships and conflicts and facilitates communication for organizational segments, such as marketing and software development. In the ABC example, without the GQM + Strategies model, project personnel might have misdirected their training efforts or chosen the wrong tools. The model helped project personnel understand why they were being asked to implement MoSCoW and Cocomo, which was likely to produce more focused training or tailoring. This is one of the many benefits of using our approach in a short development cycle. Acknowledgments GQM + Strategies is registered trademark No. 302008021763 at the German Patent and Trade Mark Office; international registration number IR992843. References 1. V. Basili, G. Caldiera, and D. Rombach, “Goal, Question, Metric Paradigm,” Encyclopedia of Software Engineering, vol. 1, J.J. Marciniak, ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1994, pp. 528-532. 2. V. Basili et al., “Bridging the Gap between Business Strategy and Software Development,” Proc. Int’l Conf. Information Systems, Association for Information Systems Electronic Library; http://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2007/25. 3. R. Kaplan and D. Norton, “The Balanced Scorecard—Measures That Drive Performance,” Harvard Business Rev., Jan.-Feb. 1992, p. 71. 4. US Dept. of Defense and US Army, Practical Software and Systems Measurement: A Foundation for Objective Project Management, v. 4.0c, Mar. 2003; www.psmsc.com. A Computer Previous Page | Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out | Front Cover | Search Issue | Next Page M S BE aG F
A Computer Previous Page | Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out | Front Cover | Search Issue | Next Page M S BE aG F 5. S.A. Becker and M.L. Bostelman, “Aligning Strategic and Project Measurement Systems,” IEEE Software, May/June 1999, pp. 46-51. 6. L. Buglione and A. Abran, “Balanced Scorecards and GQM: What Are the Differences?” Proc. 3rd European Software Measurement Conf., Federation of European Software Measurement Assoc., 2000, pp. 18-20. 7. A.J. Bianchi, “Management Indicators Model to Evaluate Performance of IT Organizations,” Proc. Int’l Conf. Management of Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, IEEE Press, 2001, pp. 217-229. 8. D. Card, “Integrating Practical Software Measurement and the Balanced Scorecard,” Proc. 27th Ann. Int’l Computer Software and Applications Conf., IEEE CS Press, 2003, p. 362. 9. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Public Law No. 107-204, 116 Stat. 745, codified in sections of 11, 15, 18, 28, and 29 in US Code, 30 July 2002. 10. D. Clegg and R. Barker, Case Method Fast-Track: A RAD Approach, Addison-Wesley Professional, 1994. 11. B.W. Boehm et al., Software Cost Estimation with COCOMO II, Prentice Hall, 2000. Victor R. Basili is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Maryland and chief scientist of the Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering. His research interests include measuring, evaluating, and improving the software process and product via empirical studies. Basili received a PhD in computer science from the University of Texas. Contact him at basili@fc-md.umd.edu. _______________ Mikael Lindvall is a senior scientist and division director at the Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering. His research interests include agile methods, software process improvement, software architectures, and experience and knowledge management. Lindvall received a PhD in computer science from Linköping University, Sweden. Contact him at mikli@fc-md.umd.edu. Myrna Regardie is a senior engineer at the Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering. Her research interests include software process improvement, measurement, and project and knowledge management. Regardie received a BS in mathematics from Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. Contact her at ________ mregardie@ fc-md.umd.edu. ___________ Carolyn Seaman is an associate professor of information systems at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and a scientist at the Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering. Her research interests include software evolution, management of software projects, and qualitative research methods in software engineering. Seaman received a PhD in computer science from the University of Maryland. Contact her at ___________ cseaman@fc-md. umd.edu. ______ _______________ Jens Heidrich is a department head at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering. His research interests include project management, quality assurance, and measurement. Heidrich received a PhD in computer science from the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. Contact him at jens.heidrich@iese.fraunhofer.de. ______________________ Jürgen Münch is division manager for quality management at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering. His research interests include quality assurance, process management, and measurement. Münch received a PhD in computer science from the University of Kaiserslautern. Contact him at ______________________ juergen.muench@iese.fraunhofer. __ de. Dieter Rombach is a professor and chair of the Software Engineering Department at the University of Kaiserslautern and executive director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering. His research interests include software methodologies, modeling and measurement of the software process and resulting products, software reuse, and distributed systems. Rombach received a PhD in computer science from the University of Kaiserslautern. Contact him at _______________ dieter.rombach@iese. fraunhofer.de. _________ Adam Trendowicz is a researcher at the Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering. His research interests include software cost modeling, measurement, and process improvement. Trendowicz received a PhD in computer science from the University of Kaiserslautern. Contact him at adam.trendowicz@iese.fraunhofer.de. ________________________ Selected CS articles and columns are available for free at http://ComputingNow.computer.org. Join the IEEE Computer Society www.computer.org APRIL 2010 A Computer Previous Page | Contents | Zoom in | Zoom out | Front Cover | Search Issue | Next Page M S BE aG F 65
Page 1 and 2:
›± ¨ª ¨ § ±± § ±± ±´
Page 3 and 4:
A Computer Previous Page | Contents
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16: A Computer Previous Page | Contents
Page 65: A Computer Previous Page | Contents
show all

computing lives - FTP Directory Listing

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?