Altered Body Symbolism in Mesoamerica Charlotte AIiryn Werner ...

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522 Feher, Michel, and Ramona Naddaff and NadiaTazi, eds. 1989. Fragments for a History of the Human Body. New York: [Jrzone, Lrc. Fernie, Eric, ed. 1995. Art Aístory and its Methods: A Critícal Anthology. London: Phaidon Press firnitea. Flannery, Kent V., ed. 1976. The Early Mesoamerican VíIIøge. in Archaeology series. New York: Academic Press Inc. The Studies 1976. "Contextual Analysis of Rifual Paraphernalia from Formative Oaxaca." In The Early Mesoamerícøn ViIIage. Ed. by Kent V. Flannery. 333-345. Tlne Studies in Archaeology series. New York: Academic Press Inc. Förstemarul, E., 1962. Maya Handschrift: der Sächsischen Landesbiblíothek Dresden: Codex Dresdensis. Akademie-Verlag.Berlin. Forsytþ Adrian. 1990. Photography 1990 by Michael and Patricia Fogden. Portraíts of the Rainforest Ontario: Camden FIouse Publishing. Foster, HaL ed., 1993. The Anti-Aesthetíc: Essays on Postmodern Culture. Seattle: Bay Press. Foucault, Michel. 1980. PouserlKnowledge: Selected Interaiews €¡ Other Writíngs 1972-1-977. New York: Pantheon Books. Freidel, David A. 1992. "Children of the First Father's Skull: Terminal Classic Warfare ín the Northern Maya Lowlands and the Trarisformation of Kingship and Elite Hierarchies." In Mesoømerícøn Elítes: An ArchaeologícøI Assessment. Ed. by Diane Z. Chase and Arlen F. Chase. 1992. 99-L17. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press. Freidel David 4., and Linda Schele. 1989. "Dead Kings and Living Temples: Dedication and Termination Rituals among the Ancient Maya." In Word ønd Image in Møya Culture: Explorations in Lønguage, Wríting, and Representation. Ed. by William F. Hanks and Don S. Rice. 1989. 233-243. SaIt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Freidel, David, and Linda Schele. 1988. "Symbol and Power: A History of the Lowland Maya Cosmogram." In Maya lconography. Ed. by Elizabeth P. Benson and Gillett G. Griffin. 1988. 44-93. Princetory New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
523 Freidel, David, Linda Schele and ]oy Parker. 1993. Maya Cosmos: Three Thousand Years on the Shaman's Path. New York: william Morrow and Company, Inc. Fry", Northrop. 1971,. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays by Northrop Frye. Princeton: Princeton University Press. L971,. "Third Essay. Archetypal Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays Princeton University Press. Criticism: Theory of Myths." In by Northrop Frye. Princeton: Fuente, Beatrice de la. L992. "Order and Nature in olmec Art." rn The Ancient Americøs: Art from Sacred Landscøpes." Ed. by Richard F. Townsend. I2L-134. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, and Munictu Germany: Prestel-Verlag. Furst, Peter T. 1981,. 'Jaguar Baby or Toad Mother: A New Look at an old Problem in Olmec lconography." In The Olmec and Theír Neighbors. Ed. by Elizabeth P. Benson. 1,981. 1,49-1,62. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. Trustees for Harvard University. 1976, Høllucínogens ønd Culture. San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp Publishers, Inc. 1968. "The Olmec Were-Jaguar Motif in the Light of Ethnographic Reality." Dumbarton Oaks Conference on the Olmec October 28th and 29th, L967. Ed. by Eltzabet}r. P. Benson. L968. !43-174. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. Trustees for Harvard University. Ed. 1972. Flesh of the Gods: The Ritual llse of HøIlucínogens. New York and Washington: Praeger Publishers. Gatens, Moira. 1,996. Imaginary Bodies: Ethics, Pouter and Corporealíty. London and New York Routledge. Gay, Carlo T.E. L966. "Rock Carvings at Chalcacingo." Nøtural Hístory: Incorporøtíng Nature Møgazine--The lournal of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol LXXV. August-September 1966. Gillespie, Susan D. 1,991. "Ballgames and Boundaries." In The Mesoømerícan Ballgame. Ed. by Vernon L. Scarborough and David R. Wilcox. 1991'. 317-345. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.
Page 1 and 2: Altered Body Symbolism in Mesoameri
Page 3 and 4: 499 List of lllustrations followed
Page 5 and 6: 2.30 2.3t 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36
Page 7 and 8: 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30
Page 9 and 10: 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 505 Chapter
Page 11 and 12: 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 9.29
Page 13 and 14: 71,.1L Enema devices in a ritual sc
Page 15 and 16: 12.38 Xipe Totec (or impersonator:
Page 17 and 18: t4.26 Rattlesnake presenting head i
Page 19 and 20: 515 Barbachano Ponce, Manuel, 1978.
Page 21 and 22: 577 Breen, John F. 1974. Encycloped
Page 23 and 24: 519 . L972. "Olmec Jaguars and Olme
Page 25: 521 Dickey, Thomas; vance Muse, and
Page 29 and 30: 525 Halliday, Tim, and Kruig Adler,
Page 31 and 32: 7991,. A Theory of Pørody: The Te
Page 33 and 34: 529 Kristeva, Iu1ia. 1986. The Krí
Page 35 and 36: 531 1976. Emblem and State ín the
Page 37 and 38: 533 Moriarty, ]ames Robert. 1969. R
Page 39 and 40: 535 Proskouriakoff, Tatiana. 1964,
Page 41 and 42: 537 Robicsek, Francis, and Donald H
Page 43 and 44: 539 7974. "Observations on the Cros
Page 45 and 46: 541 Steirlin, Henri. 1981. The Art
Page 47 and 48: 54:t Tebbs, _Margaret. 1989. "Guate
Page 49 and 50: l5 r9 I2æ 900 óoo 300 AD BC 300 L
Page 51 and 52: CHIAPAS "iI¡:ì I UU¡\IT\I\ ^ I p
Page 53 and 54: Fig.2.2 Fig. 2.2 a and b a.Þottery
Page 55 and 56: Fig.2.4 Acrobat Tlatilco Redware, 1
Page 57 and 58: Fig.2.6 Female figurines symbolizin
Page 59 and 60: Fig.2.B Preclassic solid clay figur
Page 61 and 62: v c Fig.2.10 Ball Game artifacts a.
Page 63 and 64: .-:i 4 Fig.2.12 Fig.2.I2 Male figur
Page 65 and 66: Fig.2.14 NIale figurine Stendahl st
Page 67 and 68: Fi1.2.1,6 Figurine with laughing fa
Page 69 and 70: Figs. 11. 12. The Chalcatzingo reli
Page 71 and 72: Fig.2.20 Fig.2.20 ]aguar atop human
Page 73 and 74: Fig.2.22 Fíg.2.22 Seated youth hol
Page 75 and 76: Fig.2.24 Standing figure holding a
Page 77 and 78:
Fi9.2.26 Derivation oi rain gods fr
Page 79 and 80:
-t'.- :t{þr l,:'.:,:â -a'.i.,-,:
Page 81 and 82:
Jrtritirirtrtt Fig.2.30 Olmec femal
Page 83 and 84:
Fig.2.32 Fig.2.32 Carved vessel wit
Page 85 and 86:
Fig.2.34 Th¡ee figures in jar,vs o
Page 87 and 88:
a. b. Fig.2.36 Fi9.2.36 Tuxtla Stat
Page 89 and 90:
Fig.2.3B Tepantitla mural, or Tlalo
Page 91 and 92:
Fig.2.40 Fiç.2.40 Transitional hgu
Page 93 and 94:
a. b. Fig.3.1 a. Soverign Plumed Se
Page 95 and 96:
Fig.3.3 Couple named Ometecuhtli ("
Page 97 and 98:
Fig.3.5 Fig.3.5 Quetzalcoatl and Mi
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,.ot4 Fig.3.7 Fig.3.7 The earth per
Page 101 and 102:
Fig.3.9 ChaIchíuhtlicue Early colo
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Çnaa'm iunut4 Fig.3.11 Fig.3.11 Tl
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Fig.3.13 Mixtec tree birth scene Co
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Fig.3.15 Fig.3.15 Møyahuel, Goddes
Page 109 and 110:
SIDE III Fig.3.77 Fig.3.17 The "Jau
Page 111 and 112:
Fig.3.18b Fig.3.18b Goddesses known
Page 113 and 114:
Fíg.3.20 Tonacatecuhtli, "god of c
Page 115 and 116:
they t¡vere botn The Paddlers unde
Page 117 and 118:
Quadripartitc Cod, thc rcar hcad of
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Fig.4.4 The World Tree Drawing by L
Page 121 and 122:
@ t:T) ffiffi dotot house te-tuq tr
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Fig.4.8 Masonry facade with carved
Page 125 and 126:
Fig.4.10 Kinh and solar motifs in t
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Fig.4.12 Moon with rabbit consort (
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Quadripartite Monster Fig.4.1.4 Qua
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a. b. fronl head cross-banded eye c
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Fig.4.18 Maue God emerging from the
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Fig.4.20 a.boddess O with inverted
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a. b. Fig. 4.22 Chac (sometimes cal
Page 139 and 140:
god markingã Fí9.4.24 God K (God
Page 141 and 142:
Fig.4.26 Toltec Warrior with Tlaloc
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"'mWffi *ilpwm *@ffiffi G6 ffi ",m
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a. Fig.4.30 God A as a death god a.
Page 147 and 148:
4.32 a 4.32b w@m Fig. a.32 Fig.4.32
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Fig.4.34 Dragon Nlonster, Kaminalju
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Fig.4.36 The Vision Serpent Drawing
Page 153 and 154:
. Fig.4.38 a. Eccentric flint Late
Page 155 and 156:
Fig.5.1 Cenote of Sacrifice Chichen
Page 157 and 158:
Fig. 5.3 Aztec warrior in flayed-sk
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Fig.6.2 Old deity instructing disci
Page 161 and 162:
Fig.6.4 Anthropomorphic monkeys as
Page 163 and 164:
Vessel 69 Fig.6.6 Anthropomorphic s
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(ft rpos) 1.18.3.12.0 'slçy' event
Page 167 and 168:
ffi öffi ffi ffi wffi ßffi ffiãf
Page 169 and 170:
Fig.7.2 Cauac Sky on north side of
Page 171 and 172:
Gcncration 6 Lady Kanal-Ikal Gencra
Page 173 and 174:
Fig.7.6 Flanged headdress from Copa
Page 175 and 176:
Eig.7.8 Female Ruler from Calakmul
Page 177 and 178:
Feminine head glyph rooo f Feminine
Page 179 and 180:
Fig.7.I1, Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau, at
Page 181 and 182:
Fig.7.13 Ruler with war captains an
Page 183 and 184:
Fíg.7.1.5 Bird Jaguar dressing for
Page 185 and 186:
@H; ffi a@d Fi9.7.17 Glyphs from te
Page 187 and 188:
Fi5.7.1,9 Vision Serpent, and femal
Page 189 and 190:
Ftg.7.2I à,b Stucco portrait of Ch
Page 191 and 192:
Fig.7.23 Fiç.7.23 Maya noble Limes
Page 193 and 194:
Fig.7.25 Fig.7.25 Jaina Warrior Cer
Page 195 and 196:
The World Ti,ee Fig.8.1 Maya King a
Page 197 and 198:
Fig.8.3 Head of ruler in Chac-Xib-C
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anthropornorphíc p€rson¡l¡cati
Page 201 and 202:
flayed area personified blood blood
Page 203 and 204:
. The God C apron from Dos pilas St
Page 205 and 206:
oo @Oa Fig. 8.11 The Quadripartite
Page 207 and 208:
HIEROGLYPHIC TEXT IN YUCATEC EAST S
Page 209 and 210:
Fig.8.15 Maya house with thatched r
Page 211 and 212:
Fig.8.17 Incense-burner as an effí
Page 213 and 214:
Fig.8.19 Fig.8.19 Dual images of Go
Page 215 and 216:
Fig.8.21 Fig.8.21 The Leiden Plaque
Page 217 and 218:
Curl-Snout's name Mosaic Monster he
Page 219 and 220:
a" Curl-Snout from the side of Stel
Page 221 and 222:
Fí9.8.27 Captor wears raloc-and-ba
Page 223 and 224:
Fiç.8.29 Two figures, one wearing
Page 225 and 226:
a. b. lF :;, i'l Yaxchilán Seibal
Page 227 and 228:
Fig.8.33 Fig. 8.33 Map 9f Glyphic C
Page 229 and 230:
Fig.8.35 Fig.8.35 Ruler on Stela 31
Page 231 and 232:
Fig.9.1 Number gods carrying the Ma
Page 233 and 234:
Fig. 9.3 g @ & @ J',i;ll Ð'{l' /æ
Page 235 and 236:
a. Cloth morifs from 'ascension'sre
Page 237 and 238:
ffi ttr ffi Fig.9.7 Hand gesLure si
Page 239 and 240:
ffi þ,= ) ffi Fig. 9.9 Glyphs repr
Page 241 and 242:
W o ffi b ffi c æ d Fig. 9.11. Gly
Page 243 and 244:
a. b. ffi@ffiw @ffiffi ffiffi ffiw
Page 245 and 246:
ww @@ @@ ii mffi il@q ffi@ ffiw gh
Page 247 and 248:
Fi9.9.17 Kinh, the sun-time deity,
Page 249 and 250:
-- ----- ----- waffi@W@@ .i¡l aaa
Page 251 and 252:
4 .rl¡ ¿ oooo + oooo ¡ .rt i,ä
Page 253 and 254:
;,ffi- ;ilililffi :\t\ffi Fis.9.23
Page 255 and 256:
6. Fig.9.25 Fi1.9.25 Initial series
Page 257 and 258:
^w ffi ffi"æ B. P ffit ffi t4? ffi
Page 259 and 260:
\ '?-r-.. . /a'" '-r€' :\ Ei Fig.
Page 261 and 262:
Uttlt t¡( dcl' . tlt't (,1tc. a (
Page 263 and 264:
1., o //0zo 7 :, ., . . .:.i+:,i;."
Page 265 and 266:
Fig.9.35 Maya Calendar and. World v
Page 267 and 268:
Fiç.9.37 Fig.9.37 The New Fire, wi
Page 269 and 270:
Fig.9.39 Fig.9.39 Aztec Calendar St
Page 271 and 272:
Fig.9.41 Playing of drum and rattle
Page 273 and 274:
Fig.10.2 Fiç.1.0.2 Venus (as Hunah
Page 275 and 276:
Fig.1.0.4 a. b. page 46 AECDEÊG IX
Page 277 and 278:
Fig. 10.6 Astronomical bodies in th
Page 279 and 280:
%@ Fig. 10.8 Tzítzimitl sky demon
Page 281 and 282:
:: . ... -a-,4 "- Fig. 10.10 Dresde
Page 283 and 284:
lnstructions and Correction Table (
Page 285 and 286:
1 I I I t. È,7 'þ'.Vtal 1tølì r
Page 287 and 288:
Fig.10.16 Fig. 10.16 Goddess Coatli
Page 289 and 290:
Fig.10.18 Fig. 10.18 Astronomer, Ma
Page 291 and 292:
[¡&¡rr¡a.U*d¡Era*.r oaac}as f (
Page 293 and 294:
Fig.70.?2 Fig.1,0.22 The House of t
Page 295 and 296:
Fi1.1,0.24 The House of the Governo
Page 297 and 298:
Ê2* .!it ôE i rE. ru.âr, Fig. 10
Page 299 and 300:
Fig. 11.1 Gods of the Underworld in
Page 301 and 302:
a. b. @ Kerr 1988 Ht. 14 Dta. 14.3
Page 303 and 304:
Fig. 11.5 Acrobat efhgy vessel Coli
Page 305 and 306:
@ Kerr 1989 , Ht. 15.8 Dta. 12.8 Ci
Page 307 and 308:
4.¡ tñ .,Ï i,, A- Æ.E'u 9.,:* t
Page 309 and 310:
Fig. 11.11 Enema devices in a ribua
Page 311 and 312:
Fíg. 11.13 Dancing lords in blood
Page 313 and 314:
Fig. 11.15 Bonampak, Mexico Wall mu
Page 315 and 316:
Fig.11.77 Fig.11.17 Bonampak Room 2
Page 317 and 318:
Fig. 11.19 Headdress presented as a
Page 319 and 320:
a. b. Fig.11.2L a Mixtec drum with
Page 321 and 322:
Fig.11.23 Fig. t1.23 Cõt¿ bell wi
Page 323 and 324:
A .i:.¿,;1¡-; !:l!l,t tr!rr / tu
Page 325 and 326:
A t Fig.12.3 Ruler and wa¡rior fac
Page 327 and 328:
' . j-i :rr:l::'o Fí9.12.5 Fíg.12
Page 329 and 330:
Fíg.12.7 lvlaize god in sacrificia
Page 331 and 332:
Fi9.72.9 Fig.12.9 The Sun God blood
Page 333 and 334:
Skta D, CoFd. Pø.lr Íô; tA. ¿oo
Page 335 and 336:
Fig.12.13 Bloodletting from the gen
Page 337 and 338:
Fig. L2.1,5 Mat design on carved bo
Page 339 and 340:
Fig.12.77 Fig.12.17 Drawing cords t
Page 341 and 342:
ffiffiwffiffiffi 5 Eb 15 Mac he is
Page 343 and 344:
AB I 2 3 4 5 Fig. 12.21, Lady Balam
Page 345 and 346:
"a4 Fíg.12.23 Sacrificial Knife, T
Page 347 and 348:
#H+o Fig.12.25 Frg.12.25 Heart sacr
Page 349 and 350:
Fig.72.27 Fig.12.27 Cõdex scene of
Page 351 and 352:
ti; tr F Êi :l H I ri É þ H F r
Page 353 and 354:
Fig.12.31 Fig.12.31, Chacmool figur
Page 355 and 356:
Fig,t2.33 Fig. 12.33 Dignitary carr
Page 357 and 358:
Fig. 12.35 a. Pottery scene with ri
Page 359 and 360:
Fig.12.37 Fig.12.37 Xipe Totec, Azt
Page 361 and 362:
'?,,1 ,.1 rþ Fig.t2.39 Fig. t2.39
Page 363 and 364:
a. Fig.12.41 Caplive Reliquary Jain
Page 365 and 366:
Fig.13.2 Tlaloc and jaguar symbolis
Page 367 and 368:
Fig. 13.4 Protagonist preparing for
Page 369 and 370:
Fig. 13.6 Ballplayers in the court
Page 371 and 372:
Fig.13.7b Sacrifice in ballcourt sc
Page 373 and 374:
Fig. 13.9 Underworld scene of suppl
Page 375 and 376:
Fig.13.11 Fig. 13.11 Thirteen Rabbi
Page 377 and 378:
Fig.13.13 Fig. 13.13 Dismemberment
Page 379 and 380:
Fig.13.15 Fig. 13.15 Sacrificed bal
Page 381 and 382:
\ Fig.13.17 Fig. L3.17 Central Mark
Page 383 and 384:
Chan-Bahlum Fig. 1.4.2 Chan-Bahlum'
Page 385 and 386:
\ì \ +1 - t ! 4i I >-'./ nl-;,3 J_
Page 387 and 388:
Fig.14.6 Fig. t4.6 Zoomorph B, Quir
Page 389 and 390:
l0 11 Ak'bal 15 star- Sak overea¡l
Page 391 and 392:
Stingray Paddler Jaguar Paddler i0@
Page 393 and 394:
d lUüi¿c God dresscd by two nudo
Page 395 and 396:
c. d. Fig.1,4.74 Fig. L4.1,4 Death
Page 397 and 398:
Fig. t4.L6 Anthropomorphs in dancin
Page 399 and 400:
Fig.14.18 Fig.14.1,8 Elongatedway f
Page 401 and 402:
Lt .9 \ { tl t. ì '.( Ì'. Ç ' --
Page 403 and 404:
Fig.14.22 Fig. 1.4.22 The Deletaill
Page 405 and 406:
Fig.1,4.24 Temple of the Warriors,
Page 407 and 408:
Fí9.1,4.26 Rattiesnake presenting
Page 409 and 410:
Fig.1,4.28 Chac, the Rain God, stan
Page 411 and 412:
Fig. L4.30 Chac masks on facade of
Page 413 and 414:
Fig.14.32 Altar of skulls (Tzompant
Page 415 and 416:
Fig.14.34 Pillar, Temple of the War
Page 417 and 418:
Fig.1.4.36 Human in feline costime,
Page 419 and 420:
Fig. 14.38 Platform of the Eagies a
Page 421 and 422:
Fig.14.40 Fig.1.4.40 Eagle eating a
Page 423 and 424:
Fig.14.42 Fí9.14.42 Olmec Cave Mas
Page 425 and 426:
Fig. 14.44 lvIônster-mouth mask do
Page 427 and 428:
G' -: ._{: Fig.1,4.46 The Magician'
Page 429:
Fíg.14.48 El Castillo (The Castie)
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