Altered Body Symbolism in Mesoamerica Charlotte AIiryn Werner ...

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530 Lothrop, Samuel Kirkland. 1952. With sections by W. C. Root and Tatiana Proskouriakoff. Metals from the Cenote of Sacrifíce: Chíchen Itza, Yucatan. Memoirs of the peabody Muéeum óf Archaeology and _Etfry]ogy. Harvard university. vol. X, No. 2. Cambridge, ilduss.' Published by the Museum. Lounsbury, Floyd G. 1989. "The Names of a King: Hieroglyphic variants as a Key_ to Decipherment." In word and Image íi Maya culture: Explorations__in,Languøge, wríting, and Representøtioi. Ed. by william F. Hanks and Don s. Rice. rg99. zs-gï. salt Lake city: University of Utah Press. 1982. "Astronomical Knowledge and its Uses at Bonampak, Mexico." In Archaeoastronomy in the Neut World. Americãn Primitive Astronomy, Proceedings of an International Conference held at Oxford university, september 198L. Ed. by A. F. Aveni. rg92. L4z-168, New York, and Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge university press. L976. "A Rationale foi the Initial Date of the Temple of the Cross at Pa1enque." rn The Art, Iconography €t Dynastic Hlstory of palenque Pørt III: Proceedings of the Segunda Mesa Redondø- de pøIenque December L4-2L, L974 - Palenque. Ed. by Merle Greene Robertson.zL'L- 224. Pebble Beacþ California: The Robert Louis Stevenson School. Luckert, Karl W. 1976. olmec Relígion: A Key to Míddle Americø and Beyond. Volume 137 in The Civilization of the American Indian Series. Norman: University of Oklahoma press. Luxtory Richard. L981.. The Mystery of the Mayøn Híeroglyphs: The Vision of an Ancient Tradition. San Francisco: Harper & Rôw. Mallarç Chicki. L992. Yucatøn Peninsula Handbook: Gateway to La Ruta Møya. Fourth Edition. Chico, California: Moon Publications Inc. Marcus, Joyce. 1992a. Mesoamerícan writing Systems: propagønda, Myth, and History in Eour Ancient Civilizations. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1992b. "Royal Families, Royal Texts: Examples from the Zapotec and Maya." In Mesoamerícøn Elites: An Archaeological Assessment. Ed. by Diane Z. Chase and Arlen F. Chase. 221,-24L. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press.
531 1976. Emblem and State ín the Cløssíc Møya Lowlands: An lfisraphic Approach to Terrítoríal Organízøtion. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks. Trustees for Harvard University. Markman, Roberta H. and Peter T. Markman. 1,ggz. The Flayed God: The Mesoamerícan Mythological Traditíon. Sacred Texts and Imøges from Pre-colutnbian Mexico and central America. New york: -Harper Collins Publishers. Martí, Samuel, and Gertrude Prokosch Kurath. 1964. Dances of Antíhuac: The Choreography ønd Music of Precortesian Dønces. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology Number Thirty Eight. New york: Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Researcþ Incorporated. Masorç Peter. L990. Deconstructing America: Representatíons of the Other. London and New York: Routledge. Mathews, Peter. 1.991,. "Classic Maya Emblem Glyphs." rn Classíc Maya Politícal History: Híeroglyphíc and Archaeologicat Eaidence. Ed. by T. Patrick Culbert. 1991,. t9-29. A School of American Research Book. Gen. ed. Douglas W. Schwartz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Mcleod, Barbara. t990. "The God N/Step Set in the primary Standard sequence." In The Maya vase Book vol. 2. Ed. by ]ustin Kerr. g31,- U7. New York ]ustin Kerr Associates. L989. 'The 8l9-Day Count: A Soulful Mechanism." In Word and Imøge in Mayø culture. 1989.Ed.by witliam F. Hanks and Don s. Rice. 112-126. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. McNeiIt, William. Igg4. Dance €¡ DríIt in Human Culture: An Historícal Perspectiae. Colloquium presented in the Distinguished Lecturer series. History Deparhnent, University of Manitoba. Méluzin, Sylvia. 1'987. "The Tuxtla Statuette: An Internal Analysis of Its Writing System." In The Periphery of the Southeøstern Cløssíc Maya Realm. Ed. by Ga¡y w. Pahl. 1987. 67-rrg. Los Angeles: ucLA Latin American Center Publications. Meyer, H. Arthur. 1945. "Foresfr¡r in Mexico." In Plants and Plant Science in Latin America. Ed. by Frans verdoorn. 26s-270. waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica Company.
Page 1 and 2: Altered Body Symbolism in Mesoameri
Page 3 and 4: 499 List of lllustrations followed
Page 5 and 6: 2.30 2.3t 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36
Page 7 and 8: 4.24 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.29 4.30
Page 9 and 10: 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 505 Chapter
Page 11 and 12: 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 9.29
Page 13 and 14: 71,.1L Enema devices in a ritual sc
Page 15 and 16: 12.38 Xipe Totec (or impersonator:
Page 17 and 18: t4.26 Rattlesnake presenting head i
Page 19 and 20: 515 Barbachano Ponce, Manuel, 1978.
Page 21 and 22: 577 Breen, John F. 1974. Encycloped
Page 23 and 24: 519 . L972. "Olmec Jaguars and Olme
Page 25 and 26: 521 Dickey, Thomas; vance Muse, and
Page 27 and 28: 523 Freidel, David, Linda Schele an
Page 29 and 30: 525 Halliday, Tim, and Kruig Adler,
Page 31 and 32: 7991,. A Theory of Pørody: The Te
Page 33: 529 Kristeva, Iu1ia. 1986. The Krí
Page 37 and 38: 533 Moriarty, ]ames Robert. 1969. R
Page 39 and 40: 535 Proskouriakoff, Tatiana. 1964,
Page 41 and 42: 537 Robicsek, Francis, and Donald H
Page 43 and 44: 539 7974. "Observations on the Cros
Page 45 and 46: 541 Steirlin, Henri. 1981. The Art
Page 47 and 48: 54:t Tebbs, _Margaret. 1989. "Guate
Page 49 and 50: l5 r9 I2æ 900 óoo 300 AD BC 300 L
Page 51 and 52: CHIAPAS "iI¡:ì I UU¡\IT\I\ ^ I p
Page 53 and 54: Fig.2.2 Fig. 2.2 a and b a.Þottery
Page 55 and 56: Fig.2.4 Acrobat Tlatilco Redware, 1
Page 57 and 58: Fig.2.6 Female figurines symbolizin
Page 59 and 60: Fig.2.B Preclassic solid clay figur
Page 61 and 62: v c Fig.2.10 Ball Game artifacts a.
Page 63 and 64: .-:i 4 Fig.2.12 Fig.2.I2 Male figur
Page 65 and 66: Fig.2.14 NIale figurine Stendahl st
Page 67 and 68: Fi1.2.1,6 Figurine with laughing fa
Page 69 and 70: Figs. 11. 12. The Chalcatzingo reli
Page 71 and 72: Fig.2.20 Fig.2.20 ]aguar atop human
Page 73 and 74: Fig.2.22 Fíg.2.22 Seated youth hol
Page 75 and 76: Fig.2.24 Standing figure holding a
Page 77 and 78: Fi9.2.26 Derivation oi rain gods fr
Page 79 and 80: -t'.- :t{þr l,:'.:,:â -a'.i.,-,:
Page 81 and 82: Jrtritirirtrtt Fig.2.30 Olmec femal
Page 83 and 84: Fig.2.32 Fig.2.32 Carved vessel wit
Page 85 and 86:
Fig.2.34 Th¡ee figures in jar,vs o
Page 87 and 88:
a. b. Fig.2.36 Fi9.2.36 Tuxtla Stat
Page 89 and 90:
Fig.2.3B Tepantitla mural, or Tlalo
Page 91 and 92:
Fig.2.40 Fiç.2.40 Transitional hgu
Page 93 and 94:
a. b. Fig.3.1 a. Soverign Plumed Se
Page 95 and 96:
Fig.3.3 Couple named Ometecuhtli ("
Page 97 and 98:
Fig.3.5 Fig.3.5 Quetzalcoatl and Mi
Page 99 and 100:
,.ot4 Fig.3.7 Fig.3.7 The earth per
Page 101 and 102:
Fig.3.9 ChaIchíuhtlicue Early colo
Page 103 and 104:
Çnaa'm iunut4 Fig.3.11 Fig.3.11 Tl
Page 105 and 106:
Fig.3.13 Mixtec tree birth scene Co
Page 107 and 108:
Fig.3.15 Fig.3.15 Møyahuel, Goddes
Page 109 and 110:
SIDE III Fig.3.77 Fig.3.17 The "Jau
Page 111 and 112:
Fig.3.18b Fig.3.18b Goddesses known
Page 113 and 114:
Fíg.3.20 Tonacatecuhtli, "god of c
Page 115 and 116:
they t¡vere botn The Paddlers unde
Page 117 and 118:
Quadripartitc Cod, thc rcar hcad of
Page 119 and 120:
Fig.4.4 The World Tree Drawing by L
Page 121 and 122:
@ t:T) ffiffi dotot house te-tuq tr
Page 123 and 124:
Fig.4.8 Masonry facade with carved
Page 125 and 126:
Fig.4.10 Kinh and solar motifs in t
Page 127 and 128:
Fig.4.12 Moon with rabbit consort (
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Quadripartite Monster Fig.4.1.4 Qua
Page 131 and 132:
a. b. fronl head cross-banded eye c
Page 133 and 134:
Fig.4.18 Maue God emerging from the
Page 135 and 136:
Fig.4.20 a.boddess O with inverted
Page 137 and 138:
a. b. Fig. 4.22 Chac (sometimes cal
Page 139 and 140:
god markingã Fí9.4.24 God K (God
Page 141 and 142:
Fig.4.26 Toltec Warrior with Tlaloc
Page 143 and 144:
"'mWffi *ilpwm *@ffiffi G6 ffi ",m
Page 145 and 146:
a. Fig.4.30 God A as a death god a.
Page 147 and 148:
4.32 a 4.32b w@m Fig. a.32 Fig.4.32
Page 149 and 150:
Fig.4.34 Dragon Nlonster, Kaminalju
Page 151 and 152:
Fig.4.36 The Vision Serpent Drawing
Page 153 and 154:
. Fig.4.38 a. Eccentric flint Late
Page 155 and 156:
Fig.5.1 Cenote of Sacrifice Chichen
Page 157 and 158:
Fig. 5.3 Aztec warrior in flayed-sk
Page 159 and 160:
Fig.6.2 Old deity instructing disci
Page 161 and 162:
Fig.6.4 Anthropomorphic monkeys as
Page 163 and 164:
Vessel 69 Fig.6.6 Anthropomorphic s
Page 165 and 166:
(ft rpos) 1.18.3.12.0 'slçy' event
Page 167 and 168:
ffi öffi ffi ffi wffi ßffi ffiãf
Page 169 and 170:
Fig.7.2 Cauac Sky on north side of
Page 171 and 172:
Gcncration 6 Lady Kanal-Ikal Gencra
Page 173 and 174:
Fig.7.6 Flanged headdress from Copa
Page 175 and 176:
Eig.7.8 Female Ruler from Calakmul
Page 177 and 178:
Feminine head glyph rooo f Feminine
Page 179 and 180:
Fig.7.I1, Lady Wac-Chanil-Ahau, at
Page 181 and 182:
Fig.7.13 Ruler with war captains an
Page 183 and 184:
Fíg.7.1.5 Bird Jaguar dressing for
Page 185 and 186:
@H; ffi a@d Fi9.7.17 Glyphs from te
Page 187 and 188:
Fi5.7.1,9 Vision Serpent, and femal
Page 189 and 190:
Ftg.7.2I à,b Stucco portrait of Ch
Page 191 and 192:
Fig.7.23 Fiç.7.23 Maya noble Limes
Page 193 and 194:
Fig.7.25 Fig.7.25 Jaina Warrior Cer
Page 195 and 196:
The World Ti,ee Fig.8.1 Maya King a
Page 197 and 198:
Fig.8.3 Head of ruler in Chac-Xib-C
Page 199 and 200:
anthropornorphíc p€rson¡l¡cati
Page 201 and 202:
flayed area personified blood blood
Page 203 and 204:
. The God C apron from Dos pilas St
Page 205 and 206:
oo @Oa Fig. 8.11 The Quadripartite
Page 207 and 208:
HIEROGLYPHIC TEXT IN YUCATEC EAST S
Page 209 and 210:
Fig.8.15 Maya house with thatched r
Page 211 and 212:
Fig.8.17 Incense-burner as an effí
Page 213 and 214:
Fig.8.19 Fig.8.19 Dual images of Go
Page 215 and 216:
Fig.8.21 Fig.8.21 The Leiden Plaque
Page 217 and 218:
Curl-Snout's name Mosaic Monster he
Page 219 and 220:
a" Curl-Snout from the side of Stel
Page 221 and 222:
Fí9.8.27 Captor wears raloc-and-ba
Page 223 and 224:
Fiç.8.29 Two figures, one wearing
Page 225 and 226:
a. b. lF :;, i'l Yaxchilán Seibal
Page 227 and 228:
Fig.8.33 Fig. 8.33 Map 9f Glyphic C
Page 229 and 230:
Fig.8.35 Fig.8.35 Ruler on Stela 31
Page 231 and 232:
Fig.9.1 Number gods carrying the Ma
Page 233 and 234:
Fig. 9.3 g @ & @ J',i;ll Ð'{l' /æ
Page 235 and 236:
a. Cloth morifs from 'ascension'sre
Page 237 and 238:
ffi ttr ffi Fig.9.7 Hand gesLure si
Page 239 and 240:
ffi þ,= ) ffi Fig. 9.9 Glyphs repr
Page 241 and 242:
W o ffi b ffi c æ d Fig. 9.11. Gly
Page 243 and 244:
a. b. ffi@ffiw @ffiffi ffiffi ffiw
Page 245 and 246:
ww @@ @@ ii mffi il@q ffi@ ffiw gh
Page 247 and 248:
Fi9.9.17 Kinh, the sun-time deity,
Page 249 and 250:
-- ----- ----- waffi@W@@ .i¡l aaa
Page 251 and 252:
4 .rl¡ ¿ oooo + oooo ¡ .rt i,ä
Page 253 and 254:
;,ffi- ;ilililffi :\t\ffi Fis.9.23
Page 255 and 256:
6. Fig.9.25 Fi1.9.25 Initial series
Page 257 and 258:
^w ffi ffi"æ B. P ffit ffi t4? ffi
Page 259 and 260:
\ '?-r-.. . /a'" '-r€' :\ Ei Fig.
Page 261 and 262:
Uttlt t¡( dcl' . tlt't (,1tc. a (
Page 263 and 264:
1., o //0zo 7 :, ., . . .:.i+:,i;."
Page 265 and 266:
Fig.9.35 Maya Calendar and. World v
Page 267 and 268:
Fiç.9.37 Fig.9.37 The New Fire, wi
Page 269 and 270:
Fig.9.39 Fig.9.39 Aztec Calendar St
Page 271 and 272:
Fig.9.41 Playing of drum and rattle
Page 273 and 274:
Fig.10.2 Fiç.1.0.2 Venus (as Hunah
Page 275 and 276:
Fig.1.0.4 a. b. page 46 AECDEÊG IX
Page 277 and 278:
Fig. 10.6 Astronomical bodies in th
Page 279 and 280:
%@ Fig. 10.8 Tzítzimitl sky demon
Page 281 and 282:
:: . ... -a-,4 "- Fig. 10.10 Dresde
Page 283 and 284:
lnstructions and Correction Table (
Page 285 and 286:
1 I I I t. È,7 'þ'.Vtal 1tølì r
Page 287 and 288:
Fig.10.16 Fig. 10.16 Goddess Coatli
Page 289 and 290:
Fig.10.18 Fig. 10.18 Astronomer, Ma
Page 291 and 292:
[¡&¡rr¡a.U*d¡Era*.r oaac}as f (
Page 293 and 294:
Fig.70.?2 Fig.1,0.22 The House of t
Page 295 and 296:
Fi1.1,0.24 The House of the Governo
Page 297 and 298:
Ê2* .!it ôE i rE. ru.âr, Fig. 10
Page 299 and 300:
Fig. 11.1 Gods of the Underworld in
Page 301 and 302:
a. b. @ Kerr 1988 Ht. 14 Dta. 14.3
Page 303 and 304:
Fig. 11.5 Acrobat efhgy vessel Coli
Page 305 and 306:
@ Kerr 1989 , Ht. 15.8 Dta. 12.8 Ci
Page 307 and 308:
4.¡ tñ .,Ï i,, A- Æ.E'u 9.,:* t
Page 309 and 310:
Fig. 11.11 Enema devices in a ribua
Page 311 and 312:
Fíg. 11.13 Dancing lords in blood
Page 313 and 314:
Fig. 11.15 Bonampak, Mexico Wall mu
Page 315 and 316:
Fig.11.77 Fig.11.17 Bonampak Room 2
Page 317 and 318:
Fig. 11.19 Headdress presented as a
Page 319 and 320:
a. b. Fig.11.2L a Mixtec drum with
Page 321 and 322:
Fig.11.23 Fig. t1.23 Cõt¿ bell wi
Page 323 and 324:
A .i:.¿,;1¡-; !:l!l,t tr!rr / tu
Page 325 and 326:
A t Fig.12.3 Ruler and wa¡rior fac
Page 327 and 328:
' . j-i :rr:l::'o Fí9.12.5 Fíg.12
Page 329 and 330:
Fíg.12.7 lvlaize god in sacrificia
Page 331 and 332:
Fi9.72.9 Fig.12.9 The Sun God blood
Page 333 and 334:
Skta D, CoFd. Pø.lr Íô; tA. ¿oo
Page 335 and 336:
Fig.12.13 Bloodletting from the gen
Page 337 and 338:
Fig. L2.1,5 Mat design on carved bo
Page 339 and 340:
Fig.12.77 Fig.12.17 Drawing cords t
Page 341 and 342:
ffiffiwffiffiffi 5 Eb 15 Mac he is
Page 343 and 344:
AB I 2 3 4 5 Fig. 12.21, Lady Balam
Page 345 and 346:
"a4 Fíg.12.23 Sacrificial Knife, T
Page 347 and 348:
#H+o Fig.12.25 Frg.12.25 Heart sacr
Page 349 and 350:
Fig.72.27 Fig.12.27 Cõdex scene of
Page 351 and 352:
ti; tr F Êi :l H I ri É þ H F r
Page 353 and 354:
Fig.12.31 Fig.12.31, Chacmool figur
Page 355 and 356:
Fig,t2.33 Fig. 12.33 Dignitary carr
Page 357 and 358:
Fig. 12.35 a. Pottery scene with ri
Page 359 and 360:
Fig.12.37 Fig.12.37 Xipe Totec, Azt
Page 361 and 362:
'?,,1 ,.1 rþ Fig.t2.39 Fig. t2.39
Page 363 and 364:
a. Fig.12.41 Caplive Reliquary Jain
Page 365 and 366:
Fig.13.2 Tlaloc and jaguar symbolis
Page 367 and 368:
Fig. 13.4 Protagonist preparing for
Page 369 and 370:
Fig. 13.6 Ballplayers in the court
Page 371 and 372:
Fig.13.7b Sacrifice in ballcourt sc
Page 373 and 374:
Fig. 13.9 Underworld scene of suppl
Page 375 and 376:
Fig.13.11 Fig. 13.11 Thirteen Rabbi
Page 377 and 378:
Fig.13.13 Fig. 13.13 Dismemberment
Page 379 and 380:
Fig.13.15 Fig. 13.15 Sacrificed bal
Page 381 and 382:
\ Fig.13.17 Fig. L3.17 Central Mark
Page 383 and 384:
Chan-Bahlum Fig. 1.4.2 Chan-Bahlum'
Page 385 and 386:
\ì \ +1 - t ! 4i I >-'./ nl-;,3 J_
Page 387 and 388:
Fig.14.6 Fig. t4.6 Zoomorph B, Quir
Page 389 and 390:
l0 11 Ak'bal 15 star- Sak overea¡l
Page 391 and 392:
Stingray Paddler Jaguar Paddler i0@
Page 393 and 394:
d lUüi¿c God dresscd by two nudo
Page 395 and 396:
c. d. Fig.1,4.74 Fig. L4.1,4 Death
Page 397 and 398:
Fig. t4.L6 Anthropomorphs in dancin
Page 399 and 400:
Fig.14.18 Fig.14.1,8 Elongatedway f
Page 401 and 402:
Lt .9 \ { tl t. ì '.( Ì'. Ç ' --
Page 403 and 404:
Fig.14.22 Fig. 1.4.22 The Deletaill
Page 405 and 406:
Fig.1,4.24 Temple of the Warriors,
Page 407 and 408:
Fí9.1,4.26 Rattiesnake presenting
Page 409 and 410:
Fig.1,4.28 Chac, the Rain God, stan
Page 411 and 412:
Fig. L4.30 Chac masks on facade of
Page 413 and 414:
Fig.14.32 Altar of skulls (Tzompant
Page 415 and 416:
Fig.14.34 Pillar, Temple of the War
Page 417 and 418:
Fig.1.4.36 Human in feline costime,
Page 419 and 420:
Fig. 14.38 Platform of the Eagies a
Page 421 and 422:
Fig.14.40 Fig.1.4.40 Eagle eating a
Page 423 and 424:
Fig.14.42 Fí9.14.42 Olmec Cave Mas
Page 425 and 426:
Fig. 14.44 lvIônster-mouth mask do
Page 427 and 428:
G' -: ._{: Fig.1,4.46 The Magician'
Page 429:
Fíg.14.48 El Castillo (The Castie)
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