Helsestatistik for de nordiske lande 1997 - nomesco

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ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Permanent positions have been created for home nursing and health care in 13 health districts. Home nursing and primary health service is carried out in the other districts as one of the functions of the district nurses or health workers. In each health district, there is one or several dental clinics staffed by dentists and dental nurses. In relation, a number of districts have employed dental technicians. In the villages the population is served several times a year by a mobile dental service. Children and young people are offered preventive measures and treatment. FINLAND: Municipalities have responsibility for health services. The responsibility of municipalities is laid down in the Public Health Act (1972), the Specialist Treatment of Diseases Act (1989), and in the Treatment of the Mentally Ill Act (1990). In the Public Health Act and its statutes, the tasks are listed which belong under the municipal public health work. Here it is stated that municipalities are responsible for: • Guidance and preventive health care, including children’s health, educational campaigns, advice concerning contraceptive measures, general health care surveys and screening. • Treatment of illness, including medical examinations and care as well as medical rehabilitation and first aid. The treatment of illness may be given at health centres in the form of outpatient treatment, in a ward, or in the form of home nursing. 22 Der er normerede stillinger til hjemmesygepleje og sundhedspleje i 13 lægedistrikter. Hjemmesygeplejen og sundhedsplejen i de øvrige distrikter varetages af distriktssygeplejersker og/eller sundhedsmedhjælpere. Der er desuden én eller flere tandklinikker med tilhørende tandlæger, klinikassistenter og tandplejere i hvert distrikt. I nogle distrikter er der også ansat laboratorietandteknikere. I bygderne, hvor der ikke er tandklinikker, betjenes befolkningen nogle gange om året ved hjælp af mobilt tandplejeudstyr. Der er etableret forebyggende og behandlende tilbud for børn og unge. FINLAND: Det er kommunerne, der har ansvaret for sundhedsvæsenet. Kommunernes ansvar for sundhedsvæsnet er fastsat i Folkesundhedsloven (1972), i loven om specialiseret sygdomsbehandling (1989) og i loven om behandling af mentalt syge (1990). I Folkesundhedsloven og dennes forordninger opregnes de arbejdsopgaver, der hører under det kommunale folkesundhedsarbejde. Heri fastsættes det, at kommunerne har ansvaret for: • Rådgivning og sundhedsforebyggelse, som omfatter børns sundhed, oplysningsarbejde, rådgivning angående svangerskabsforebyggelse, sundhedsundersøgelser og screening. • Sygdomsbehandling som omfatter lægeundersøgelser og pleje samt medicinsk rehabilitering og førstehjælp. Den almindelige sygdomsbehandling gives ved sundhedscentrene, på sengeafdelinger eller som hjemmesygepleje.
The municipalities also have to provide such services for the mentally ill as can reasonably be given by the health centres. Dental care includes information and prevention as well as dental examination and treatment. Dental examination and treatment is first and foremost to be given to those born in 1956 and later, as well as to veterans. At the health centres, dental care is also provided for adults, particularly in rural municipalities. Most dental treatment for adults is provided by dentists in private practice. Young people under the age of 19 are entitled to dental care free of charge. Municipalities must also ensure that transport is available for the ill and that there is an occupational health service. An employer may organise the occupational health service himself or he may enter into agreement with a health centre or with others working with occupational health service. Physicians working in health centres are mainly general practitioners. In the public health service system, patients need a referral for specialist services, with the exception of emergencies. In private clinics, the physicians are mostly specialists. Patients need no referral to visit these private specialists. Physicians working in private clinics may send their patients either to public or private hospitals with a referral. The specialized central and regional hospitals are run by federations of municipalities. In mental health care, more and more emphasis is placed on outpatient treatment, and the use of institutions is decreasing. ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Kommunerne skal desuden sørge for, at mentalt syge får ydelser, som med rimelighed kan tilbydes i sundhedscentrene. Tandbehandlingen omfatter oplysning og forebyggelse samt undersøgelse og behandling af tænder. Undersøgelse og behandling af tænder skal først og fremmest gives til personer der er født i 1956 og senere samt til krigsveteraner. Ved sundhedscentrene, især i landkommunerne, gives der desuden tandbehandling til voksne. Det meste af voksenbehandlingen udføres af privatpraktiserende tandlæger. Unge under 19 år har ret til tandbehandling uden brugerbetaling. Kommunerne skal desuden tilvejebringe sygetransport og sørge for etableringen af bedriftssundhedstjenester. Arbejdsgiverne kan selv organisere bedriftssundhedstjenesten, eller de kan indgå aftale med et sundhedscenter eller andre der arbejder med bedriftssundhedstjenesten. Læger, der arbejder ved sundhedscentrene, er normalt alment praktiserende. I det offentlige sundhedssystem skal patienterne have en henvisning til en specialist, dog ikke i akutte tilfælde. De fleste af de læger som arbejder i private klinikker er specialister. Patienterne behøver ingen henvisning for at opsøge disse specialister. Læger der arbejder i privatklinikker kan henvise patienter til enten private eller offentlige hospitaler. De specialiserede centrale og regionale hospitaler styres af en sammenslutning af kommuner. Inden for den psykiatriske behandling bliver der lagt større og større vægt på ambulant behandling og brugen af institutioner er således faldende. 23
Page 1 and 2: Health Statistics in the Nordic Cou
Page 3 and 4: Health Statistics in the Nordic Cou
Page 5 and 6: Contents Indhold CONTENTS Preface F
Page 7: CONTENTS SECTION C SEKTION C 209 Ap
Page 10 and 11: DENNE SIDE ER BLANK!
Page 12 and 13: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES CHA
Page 14 and 15: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Sin
Page 16 and 17: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES tab
Page 18 and 19: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Cou
Page 20 and 21: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Alm
Page 24 and 25: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES In
Page 26 and 27: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Gov
Page 28 and 29: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Loc
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Page 32 and 33: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES The
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Page 40 and 41: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Use
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Page 46 and 47: ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH SERVICES Use
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Page 54 and 55: POPULATION AND FERTILITY CHAPTER II
Page 56 and 57: POPULATION AND FERTILITY Figure 2.1
Page 58 and 59: POPULATION AND FERTILITY Table 2.1
Page 64 and 65: POPULATION AND FERTILITY requiremen
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POPULATION AND FERTILITY Table 2.9
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CONSUMPTION PATTERNS Table 3.1 Tota
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CONSUMPTION PATTERNS Table 3.5 Tota
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CONSUMPTION PATTERNS Table 3.9 Sale
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MEDICAL TREATMENT, MORBIDITY AND AC
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MORTALITY AND CAUSES OF DEATH been
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MORTALITY AND CAUSES OF DEATH the o
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MORTALITY AND CAUSES OF DEATH Table
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MORTALITY AND CAUSES OF DEATH Figur
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RESOURCES ferred from the hospital
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RESOURCES Table 6.2 Health care exp
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RESOURCES Figure 6.1 Health care ex
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RESOURCES Table 6.4 Active health p
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RESOURCES Table 6.6 Active health p
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RESOURCES Table 6.8 Working physici
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RESOURCES Capacity and services at
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RESOURCES Table 6.9 Number of hospi
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RESOURCES Table 6.10 Authorized hos
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RESOURCES Figure 6.5 Average length
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RESOURCES Table 6.13 Bed-days in ho
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RESOURCES C01A, C01D: Cardiac glyco
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RESOURCES R03A, R03B, R03C+R03D, R0
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RESOURCES Table 6.14 Insulins and o
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RESOURCES Table 6.17 Diuretics, bet
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RESOURCES Table 6.19 Psycholeptics
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RESOURCES Table 6.21 Antihistamines
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RESOURCES Table 6.22 … continued
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DENNE SIDE ER BLANK
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS In an int
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS Table 1 C
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS The Nordi
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS 2.1.2 Cau
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS statistic
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS Plans are
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS 2.1.5 Rev
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS 2.2. Clas
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS 2.2.2 Cla
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS Figure 3
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS With auto
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS Statistic
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS the large
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS 2.3. The
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS cause of
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS 2.4. Reso
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CAUSE-OF-DEATH STATISTICS Reference
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APPENDIX 1 Appendix 1 Obstetric def
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APPENDIX 2 Appendix 2 Hospital rela
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APPENDIX 3 Age-adjusted rates (ESP)
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APPENDIX 3 41 Dorsopathies excl. in
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APPENDIX 3 21 Mental and behavioura
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APPENDIX 5 Appendix 5 Tables on med
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APPENDIX 5 Surgery/Kirurgi General
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FURTHER INFORMATION Further informa
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FURTHER INFORMATION National Board
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FURTHER INFORMATION National Public
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FURTHER INFORMATION National Econom
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FURTHER INFORMATION Norwegian Medic
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NOMESCO PUBLICATIONS 240 NOMESCO Pu
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NOMESCO PUBLICATIONS 28. Health Sta
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Helsestatistik for de nordiske lande 1997 - nomesco

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