etadd_47(3) - Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities
etadd_47(3) - Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities
etadd_47(3) - Division on Autism and Developmental Disabilities
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TABLE 4<br />
Means <strong>and</strong> St<strong>and</strong>ard Deviati<strong>on</strong>s <strong>on</strong> Dependent Variables<br />
Measures<br />
within-group regressi<strong>on</strong>. Analyses of the covariance<br />
(ANCOVAs) were used to compare the<br />
posttest scores of the three treatment groups<br />
<strong>on</strong> all four dependent variables. One-way AN-<br />
COVA showed no significant difference between<br />
the treatment groups in posttest scores<br />
after c<strong>on</strong>trolling for pretest scores <strong>on</strong> either<br />
Letter-Word Identificati<strong>on</strong> or the Word Attack.<br />
One-way ANCOVA for training word<br />
identificati<strong>on</strong> showed a significant difference<br />
between treatment groups in posttest scores<br />
after c<strong>on</strong>trolling for pretest scores, F(2,48) <br />
16.353, p .01. Pairwise comparis<strong>on</strong>s using<br />
B<strong>on</strong>ferr<strong>on</strong>i’s corrected values for the means<br />
(synthetic M 6.36, analogy M 5.29, c<strong>on</strong>trol<br />
M 3.32) showed a significant difference<br />
between the adjusted means of the synthetic<br />
ph<strong>on</strong>ics treatment group <strong>and</strong> the c<strong>on</strong>trol<br />
group. The difference between the adjusted<br />
Synthetic (n 17) Analogy (n 18) C<strong>on</strong>trol (n 17)<br />
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post<br />
Letter-Word ID 14.59 16.24 15.28 16.78 13.82 14.06<br />
(11.59) (11.50) (7.29) (7.75) (9.44) (9.06)<br />
Word Attack 1.62 4.12 1.67 3.61 1.78 2.29<br />
(3.11) (5.26) (1.61) (2.33) (1.24) (2.73)<br />
Training Word 4.95 11.18 3.94 9.78 3.41 3.94<br />
(10.69) (11.24) (8.19) (9.74) (4.96) (5.73)<br />
Transfer Word 4.00 7.35 3.00 5.19 2.06 3.23<br />
(9.75) (11.04) (7.75) (7.94) (3.83) (4.08)<br />
TABLE 5<br />
Correlati<strong>on</strong>s of Pretest <strong>and</strong> Posttest Variables<br />
Synthetic Ph<strong>on</strong>ics<br />
(n 17)<br />
mean scores was 5.639, (ES 0.542). There<br />
was also a significant difference between the<br />
adjusted means of the analogy ph<strong>on</strong>ics treatment<br />
group <strong>and</strong> the c<strong>on</strong>trol group. The difference<br />
between the adjusted mean scores was<br />
5.281, (ES0.508). In both the treatment<br />
groups (synthetic ph<strong>on</strong>ics <strong>and</strong> analogy ph<strong>on</strong>ics)<br />
the means were higher than the mean of<br />
the c<strong>on</strong>trol group. There was not a significant<br />
difference between the adjusted mean of the<br />
synthetic ph<strong>on</strong>ics group <strong>and</strong> the analogy ph<strong>on</strong>ics<br />
groups. Pairwise comparis<strong>on</strong>s are reported<br />
in Table 6.<br />
One-way ANCOVA for transfer word identificati<strong>on</strong><br />
showed that there was a significant<br />
difference between treatment groups <strong>on</strong> posttest<br />
scores after c<strong>on</strong>trolling for pretest scores,<br />
F(2,48) 4.293, p .05. Pairwise comparis<strong>on</strong>s<br />
using B<strong>on</strong>ferr<strong>on</strong>i’s corrected values for<br />
Analogy Ph<strong>on</strong>ics<br />
(n 18)<br />
C<strong>on</strong>trol<br />
(n 17)<br />
Total Sample<br />
(N 52)<br />
Pre/Post .97** .95** .98** .96**<br />
Letter-Word Identificati<strong>on</strong><br />
Pre/Post .97** .82** .72** .90**<br />
Word Attack<br />
Pre/Post .93** .94** .96** .90**<br />
training words<br />
Pre/Post .96** .88** .91** .92**<br />
Transfer words<br />
** Correlati<strong>on</strong> is significant at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).<br />
274 / Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> Training in <strong>Autism</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Developmental</strong> <strong>Disabilities</strong>-September 2012