Salinity Intrusion and Seasonal Water Quality Variations in the Tidal ...

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to mid September, the canal is having fresh water. Maximum salinity occurs from late December to late March. At VIP Road total hardness remains nearly constant across time whereas alkalinity (temporary hardness falls with the fall in residual flow. Widening of Changadompokk thod and linking it with Karankkodam thod across the national high way at Kaloor would apparently facilitate better flushing in the canals. 3.2.10 The two arms of Thevara Canal, in its northern extremity, at KSRTC and CBI office in the central lowlands of the city, are well beyond the reach of tidal incursions and have fresh water at all times of the year. Floating fresh water weeds find their wintering haven along these stretches. Linking Thevara canal with Perandoor canal would permanently undo most of the environmental problems that the central lowlands of the city are chronically notorious for. In the section down south, water is very saline from late August to late April. All parts ofthe canal have fresh water from early May to late August. But during up tides, Thevara Market site becomes saline to the tune of 1000 mg/L. 3.2.11 Mullassery Canal has fresh water from late May to late October. At Yathra Auditorium, salinity reaches a peak in early January and thereafter slides down to a mid term low in late January. Salinity again peaks in mid March. At KSRTC site, salinity fluctuates, but the source of salinity may not be the sea, as it has no direct connection with the estuary. Here the canal flows eastward to join the fresh water stretch of Thevara Canal. The hydrologic bottleneck in the lowlands around the KSRTC Bus station is exacerbated by 70
the latest engineering modifications introduced on Mullassery canal. The water from the inner half of the canal flows east to the natural depression at KSRTC resulting in regular flood events. Short fuse floods could be eased out by modifying the gradient of Mullassery canal in such a way that if drains the water from Thevara canal also instead ofadding to the water load ofThevara canal as it does at present. 3.2.12 Chittoor puzha. It is a circular water body around the islet of Chittoor. Water from the major tidal canals of Perandoor and Changadompokk thod ends up in this water body. The water is saline for most part of the year. Water from Edayar enters this canal. 3.2.13 Perandoor Canal: In effect it operates as the main drainage of the business area of Kaloor. Naturally municipal waste influx is high. It begins at Pullepady at the railway line and flows north to Chittoor puzha. The southern extremity of the canal is fresh through out the year and the thick mat of floating vegetation thwarts smooth diffusion of atmospheric oxygen. This tells on the quality ofwater and demotes its economic potentials. Table 3.1 List of Canals Surveyed and the Pertinent Inferences # Name ofcanal Present status Remarks 1 Karingachirapu..- Except for the northern half of the The local administration has zha canal, the water is by far clear and done a serious job of de- clean. Excessive weed growth is weeding a major part of the choking the northern half of the canal, remarkably promoting 71
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Salinity Intrusion and Seasonal Wat
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IV Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES
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11 III IV V VII List of Tables Tabl
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III IV V IX Fig 3.1 Classification
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hI. were found to be creeks extendi
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XIII The study embodied here is par
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1.1 Fresh water as a natural resour
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taught us to value fresh water more
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Source: Keller (1984) .... There is
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The role played by water as a solve
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3. Commercial water supplies 4. Was
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The status report presented above d
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Responses Reversible Direct Respons
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Salinity intrusion is the most sign
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eaches 15 g/kg. Work by Boyle, Edmo
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Cd. The .removal of phosphate may o
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1. Dissolution nutrients from parti
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unpolluted estuaries left and most
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The design, according to Maxted et
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that the water biotic quality did n
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nutrient load was predictive but co
Page 49 and 50: For a city fast growing, as in the
Page 51 and 52: CHAPTER 2
Page 53 and 54: 2.1 The study area Chapter 2 MATERI
Page 55 and 56: salinity and the trapped water bodi
Page 57: 2.2 Cochin and the back water lagoo
Page 60 and 61: Cochin originally developed as a co
Page 63: 400,000 commutes to the city from t
Page 67 and 68: disparity. Such an engineering modi
Page 69: 4. Mullassery canal: (Figure 2.7) T
Page 73: 11. Poornipuzha:(Figure 2.10) It is
Page 76 and 77: are two fresh watercourses ending u
Page 78 and 79: Cochin Corporation records, there a
Page 80 and 81: 2. Poorni River - Konnara thod - Pa
Page 82 and 83: 8. KSEB-International Stadium (clos
Page 84 and 85: 9 Perumpadappu kayal 3 10 Kumbalang
Page 87 and 88: Onceback in the laboratory, where r
Page 89: pH was chosen as a regular paramete
Page 92 and 93: influences chemical process like so
Page 95 and 96: salinity pattern is applicable to t
Page 97 and 98: ecorded on 9 th March. The Ambalapp
Page 99: or even equal to that of the sea wa
Page 103 and 104: ThripoonithuraMunicipality's waste
Page 105 and 106: 4 Chithrappuzha- Water doled out fr
Page 107 and 108: 6 Mullassery Canal whole is flood p
Page 109 and 110: a deleterious effect on the quality
Page 111 and 112: - Adimury the railroad to Kaloor is
Page 113 and 114: June. Phosphate Increases until tim
Page 115 and 116: 12 Punchathod- Kharee thod the anal
Page 117: ocearnc ongm, But Phosphate level r
Page 120 and 121: COD(nlglL) 73.4 103.3 243.1 COD(mgl
Page 122 and 123: TH(mg CaC03/L) 64.7 186.4 443 TH(mg
Page 125 and 126: TH(mg CaC03/L) 114.6 1334.3 3480 TH
Page 127 and 128: TH(mg CaC03/L) 118.8 2489.4 9800 TH
Page 131 and 132: 60 50 40 20 10 o WOI Fig 3.198WQI o
Page 133 and 134: As Figure 3.198 depicts water quali
Page 135 and 136: Table.3.87 Classification of water
Page 137 and 138: The only tidal body where the seaso
Page 139 and 140: violently multiplies wherever the c
Page 141 and 142: than 61mg/L. Falls in alkalinity co
Page 143 and 144: is an exception as phosphate follow
Page 145 and 146: sweep the earth following the sun a
Page 168:
500 350 150 100 50 90 80 70 60 20 1
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CNP StoIchioIlleQr6 --••_.--t N
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DIN. 121 4.2.1.5 Stoichiometric der
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olume Surface flo 124 oxes. Vx is a
Page 275:
138 February 0.02 0.01 392 11.7 31.
Page 284 and 285:
CHAPTER 5
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145 depletion in the canals. Again
Page 288 and 289:
147 7 Arius "Plastistomus 50 Megalo
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149 5.3.1 Canals heavily polluted a
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151 deweeded and maintained well, e
Page 295 and 296:
All points but Panar and Karingachi
Page 297 and 298:
West Cochin Wholestretch 155 Whole
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Edappally thod - whole stretch abov
Page 301 and 302:
159 At present, the water is not fi
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161 effective aeration to the putri
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174 45. Flemer. Potential sediment
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178 107: Pritchard DW. What is An E
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