Salinity Intrusion and Seasonal Water Quality Variations in the Tidal ...

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147 7 Arius "Plastistomus 50 Megalopus Cyprinoides 8 Caranx Nigripinnius 51 Mugil Cephalus 9 Caranx Sexfasiatus 52 Mystus Malabaricus 10 Chaca Chaca 53 OmpokPabda 11 Chanda Commersoni 54 Ompok Malabaricus 12 Chanos Chanos 55 Mystuuscembalus Armatus 13 Chelonodon Tauvina 56 OphYC/'It/lYS Attipinnis 15 Congresox Talabonides 58 Otolithus Argentius 14 Cynoglossus Cynoglossus 57 Oreochromis Mossambica 16 Cynoglossus Punticeps 59 Oxyeurichthys Tentacularis 17 Daysiana Albida 60 Pseudorhombusjavanicus 18 Drapane Penetatus 61 Puntius Dorsais 19 Dussumieria Hasselti 62 Pristipoma Furcatum 28 Eliotris Carviforms 71 Thryssa M'alabarica 20 Eliotris Fusca 63 Puntius Filamentosus 21 Epinephalus Malabaricus 64 Puntius Melanostigma 22 Esculosa Thoracata 65 Seatophagus Argus 23 Etroplus Maculatus 66 Silaho Sihama 24 Etroplus Suratensis 67 Spyraenajello 25 Euryglossa Orientalis 68 Stolephorus Indicus 26 Garra M.accalandi 69 Tetradon Leopardus 27 Gerrus Filamentosus 70 Therpon Iarbua 29 Gerrus Oyena 72 Tricanthus Brevirostris 30 Glosigobius Guirius 73 Tylosurus Crocodilus 31 Gobius Microlepis 74 Valamughil Seheli 33 Hemiramphus Caritori 76 Penaeus Monodon 32 Hemiramphus Far 75 Wallago Attu 34 Horabagrus Brachysoma 77 Paenaeus Indicus 35 Hyporamphus Limbatus 78 Penaeus Merguiensis 36 Labeao Dussmieri 79 Metapenaeus Monocerus 37 Latus CAlcarifer 80 Metapenaeus Dorsoni 39 Leoganthus Equulus 82 Metapenaeus Affinis 147
148 38 Leognathus Brevisostris 81 Metapenaeus Dobsoni 40 Leognathus Splendens 83 Macrobrachium Rosenbergil 41 Liza Macrolepsis 84 Macrobrachium [della 43 Liza Parsia 86 JI: Cyprinoides 42 Liza Tada 85 Crab (Scylla Serrata) 5.2.5 Rain water and run off management Lightning floods during rains and scanty residual flow during the dry months are symptomatic of an urban environment because of the impervious floors impeding rain water penetration. Water retaining capacity of the urbanscape can be substantially augmented by storing rainwater in overhead tanks in the case of multi-storied buildings and ground level tanks for single storied buildings. This practice can substantially boost the residual flow and moderate the lightning floods characteristic ofurban environments. With sufficient DO and tolerable salinity, the water from the tidal canals can be used extensively for gardening, irrigation, toilet flushing and washing. There is a sustainable and reliable source of unpolluted fresh water hitherto left unexplored - water from Moolamattom powerhouse. This water would have reached the Periyar estuary any way, had it not been for the Idikki reservoir. This water discharged at the rate of50 cubic meters per second can be channeled down to the city without any pumping or prompting. This source can effectively cater to the potable water requirements ofthe city. 5.3. Classification of Canals based on implied utility Canal monitoring and canal-assessment are the pre-requisites for canal restoration. Because of the paucity of funds and space, urban development and environmental quality, most often than not, fail to go hand in hand. Environmental quality is a pre-requisite in the long-term survival ofurban agglomerations. Based on quality and nature of salinity the tidal canals of Cochin can broadly be classified as follows: 148
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Salinity Intrusion and Seasonal Wat
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IV Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES
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11 III IV V VII List of Tables Tabl
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III IV V IX Fig 3.1 Classification
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hI. were found to be creeks extendi
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XIII The study embodied here is par
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1.1 Fresh water as a natural resour
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taught us to value fresh water more
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Source: Keller (1984) .... There is
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The role played by water as a solve
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3. Commercial water supplies 4. Was
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The status report presented above d
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Responses Reversible Direct Respons
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Salinity intrusion is the most sign
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eaches 15 g/kg. Work by Boyle, Edmo
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Cd. The .removal of phosphate may o
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1. Dissolution nutrients from parti
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unpolluted estuaries left and most
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The design, according to Maxted et
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that the water biotic quality did n
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nutrient load was predictive but co
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For a city fast growing, as in the
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CHAPTER 2
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2.1 The study area Chapter 2 MATERI
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salinity and the trapped water bodi
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2.2 Cochin and the back water lagoo
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Cochin originally developed as a co
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400,000 commutes to the city from t
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disparity. Such an engineering modi
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4. Mullassery canal: (Figure 2.7) T
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11. Poornipuzha:(Figure 2.10) It is
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are two fresh watercourses ending u
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Cochin Corporation records, there a
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2. Poorni River - Konnara thod - Pa
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8. KSEB-International Stadium (clos
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9 Perumpadappu kayal 3 10 Kumbalang
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Onceback in the laboratory, where r
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pH was chosen as a regular paramete
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influences chemical process like so
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salinity pattern is applicable to t
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ecorded on 9 th March. The Ambalapp
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or even equal to that of the sea wa
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the latest engineering modification
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ThripoonithuraMunicipality's waste
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4 Chithrappuzha- Water doled out fr
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6 Mullassery Canal whole is flood p
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a deleterious effect on the quality
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- Adimury the railroad to Kaloor is
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June. Phosphate Increases until tim
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12 Punchathod- Kharee thod the anal
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ocearnc ongm, But Phosphate level r
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COD(nlglL) 73.4 103.3 243.1 COD(mgl
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TH(mg CaC03/L) 64.7 186.4 443 TH(mg
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TH(mg CaC03/L) 114.6 1334.3 3480 TH
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TH(mg CaC03/L) 118.8 2489.4 9800 TH
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60 50 40 20 10 o WOI Fig 3.198WQI o
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As Figure 3.198 depicts water quali
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Table.3.87 Classification of water
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The only tidal body where the seaso
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violently multiplies wherever the c
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than 61mg/L. Falls in alkalinity co
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is an exception as phosphate follow
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sweep the earth following the sun a
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500 350 150 100 50 90 80 70 60 20 1
Page 251: CNP StoIchioIlleQr6 --••_.--t N
Page 257: DIN. 121 4.2.1.5 Stoichiometric der
Page 260: olume Surface flo 124 oxes. Vx is a
Page 275: 138 February 0.02 0.01 392 11.7 31.
Page 284 and 285: CHAPTER 5
Page 286 and 287: 145 depletion in the canals. Again
Page 290 and 291: 149 5.3.1 Canals heavily polluted a
Page 293 and 294: 151 deweeded and maintained well, e
Page 295 and 296: All points but Panar and Karingachi
Page 297 and 298: West Cochin Wholestretch 155 Whole
Page 299 and 300: Edappally thod - whole stretch abov
Page 301 and 302: 159 At present, the water is not fi
Page 303: 161 effective aeration to the putri
Page 307: 174 45. Flemer. Potential sediment
Page 311: 178 107: Pritchard DW. What is An E
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