The Nation's Responses To Flood Disasters: A Historical Account

CONTENTS
National Weather Service .................................................................................... 52
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ................................................................52
The Association Of State Floodplain Managers........................................................ 53
Floodplain Management 1980s: State And Local Programs......................................55
ASFPM’s 1985 state activity survey.....................................................................55
ASFPM’s 1989 state activity survey.....................................................................57
The Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center........................ 59
Operations and services ...................................................................................... 59
5 A Growing Interest in the Environment ............................................................61
The Conservation Movement and Its Programs ........................................................ 61
Other Legislative and Executive Actions .................................................................62
Increasing Awareness of Floodplain Natural Resources and Functions..................... 63
6 The 1990s: Disaster Assistance Prevails.............................................................67
A Growing Federal Role in Disaster Response and Recovery...................................67
The National Assessment......................................................................................... 70
The 1994 Unified National Program for Floodplain Management ............................ 73
The Great Flood of 1993.......................................................................................... 74
Issues Arising From the Great Flood of 1993........................................................... 75
Levees ................................................................................................................. 75
Substantially damaged buildings .........................................................................78
Alternative mitigation measures ..........................................................................78
Insurance as a mitigation tool ............................................................................. 79
Post-Flood Activities and Studies ............................................................................ 80
Report of the Administration’s Interagency Floodplain Management Review
Committee ......................................................................................................80
Amendments to the NFIP ..................................................................................... 82
Amendments to the Federal Crop Insurance Program .........................................82
Congressional Directed Assessment of 1993 Flooded Areas ................................82
Congressional task forces.................................................................................... 83
Floodplain Management 1990s: State And Local Programs......................................83
ASFPM’s 1992 state activity survey.....................................................................84
ASFPM’s 1995 state activity survey.....................................................................85
The ASFPM: A National Voice ............................................................................... 87
The Private Sector and Academic Inquiry ................................................................89
Other Activities and Studies .................................................................................... 90
The demise of TVA’s floodplain management program ........................................90
Multi-hazards management ................................................................................. 90
A reassessment of natural hazards in the United States........................................91
The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction ...................................92
Disaster Assistance in the 1990S.............................................................................. 92