The Nation's Responses To Flood Disasters: A Historical Account

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2 The Nation’s Responses to Flood Disasters: A Historical Account assessments and policy analysis documents placed before the public and Congress during the 1990s have yielded little results, what will trigger national policy changes in the future?
1 PRE-20TH CENTURY: ISSUES OF FEDERAL AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY A battle was raging. A battle to widen the responsibilities of the federal government to encompass…the flood problems within the lower Mississippi Valley. THE GENESIS OF A PROBLEM Water draws people to it. Native Americans established villages along rivers. European colonists built homes along streams that provided transportation, water, power, waste disposal, and commercial links. Succeeding generations continued to settle along America’s waterways, risking periodic floods for the opportunity and convenience that came with easy access to water. And floods did come. These natural phenomena occur when water runoff from the land exceeds the capacity of the stream channel. Floodwaters replenish soils, recharge groundwater, and maintain wetlands. They became an economic and political problem only when humans occupy space that streams require for their own natural flood patterns. Both history and myth record innumerable floods. Our reactions to those floods help define our humanity. Perhaps members of Hernando De Soto’s expedition in 1543 observed the earliest, large recorded flood along the Mississippi River. The Spanish adventurers witnessed and noted an awesome event that had shaped the lives of local Indians for centuries—one that would profoundly affect future generations of settlers. They also saw something as significant as the flood itself. The Indians, they wrote, “built their houses on the high land, and where there is none, they raise mounds by hand and here they take refuge from the great flood.” 1 Approaches and programs for dealing with floods in the 1 Clark C. and others, Planet Earth, FLOOD, (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1982), pp. 65-87.
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Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 10 and 11: CONTENTS National Weather Service .
Page 13: OVERVIEW The floods of the 1990s an
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6 THE 1990S: DISASTER ASSISTANCE PR
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The 1990s: Disaster Assistance Prev
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APPENDIX B: SELECT PUBLICATIONS, FE
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GLOSSARY ASFPM, “the Association
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The Nation's Responses To Flood Disasters: A Historical Account

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