CDM based CFL scheme - Ministry of Power

BACHAT LAMP YOJANA 

CDM based CFL scheme 

Bureau of Energy Efficiency 

Ministry of Power, Govt. of India

Payment for CERs 

Safe 

disposal of 

returned 

CFL 

Safe 

keeping of 

replaced 

GLS lamp 

for inspection 

Mou for joint 

Implementation 

BLY Scheme Outline 

Buyer in Annex I 

Country 

CFL INVESTOR 

Prepare CPA-DD 

Database about consumers 

Selection of sample groups 

Power quality monitoring 

BLY CDM PoA Project 

Allecation of CERs 

asper BEE 

guidance 

CERs sold 

PoA -Manager 

Fused CFL's returned 

•PrparePoA-DD 

•Registration of PoA 

•Monitoring 

Replaced GLS lamp 

Distributionh of CFL to replace GLS 

lamps is the CPA measure 

Approval 

as PoA 

Communication 

Monitoring report 

and interaction 

HOUSEHOLD 

Buying CFL 

DNA 

CDM 

EB 

DOE 

CFL = Compact Florescent Lamp 

GLS = General Lighting Service 

DOE= Validators 

BEE = Bureau of Energy Efficiency 

DISCOM = Distribution Company

Sl.no Content Page No 

1. Bachat Lamp Yojana Scheme Overview 2 

2. Role of Stakeholders 3 

3. Programmatic Framework under the CDM 6 

Appendices 

Contents 

A Model Tripartite Agreement 8 

B. Empanelled CFL Suppliers 11 

C. Draft PoA Document Template 14 

D. CDM Terminologies and Acronyms 53

Lighting accounts for almost 20% of the total electricity 

demand in the country, and is a major component of 

the peak load. The majority of lighting needs in the 

country are met by incandescent bulbs, particularly in 

the household sector, which are extremely energy 

inefficient as over 90% of the electricity is converted 

into heat, and only upto 10% is used for lighting. CFLs 

provide an energy-efficient alternative to the 

incandescent lamp by using one-fifth as much electricity 

as an incandescent lamp to provide the same level of 

illumination. CFLs have almost completely penetrated 

the commercial market, and the sales of CFLs in India 

have grown from about 20 million in 2003 to around 

200 million in 2008. Statistics by lighting association 

indicates that the penetration of Compact Fluorescent 

Lamps (CFLs) in household sector is only about 5% - 

10%; the relatively low penetration rate is largely due 

to the high price of the CFLs, which costs 8-10 times as 

much as incandescent bulbs. It is estimated that about 

400 million light points in India today are lighted by 

incandescent bulbs; their replacement by CFLs would 

lead to a reduction of over 10,000 MW in electricity 

demand. This would not only reduce emissions by way 

of efficient end use of electricity, but would also result 

in the reduction of peak load in the country which 

currently faces a shortage of upto 15%. 

The Conference of Chief Ministers on Power Sector 

chaired by the Hon'ble Prime Minister on 28th May, 2007, 

recognized the significant potential of saving electricity 

through its efficient use by Demand Side Management 

interventions which would provide immediate results 

for saving electricity. The interventions resolved by the 

Conference include bulk procurement and distribution 

of CFLs (to reduce costs), adoption of Energy 

Conservation Building Code (ECBC), promoting and 

mandating the use of energy efficient pumps and other 

energy efficient and appliances. 

The "Bachat Lamp Yojana" aims at the large scale 

replacement of incandescent bulbs in households by 

CFLs. It seeks to provide CFLs to households at the 

price similar to that of incandescent bulbs and plans to 

utilize the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of 

2 Bureau of Energy Efficiency 

Bachat Lamp Yojana - Overview 

the Kyoto Protocol to recover the cost differential 

between the market price of the CFLs and the price at 

which they are sold to households. The Bachat Lamp 

Yojana is designed as a public-private partnership 

between the Government of India, private sector CFL 

suppliers and State level Electricity Distribution 

Companies (DISCOMs). The CFL suppliers would sell 

high quality CFLs to households at a price of Rs. 15 per 

CFL within a designated project area in a DISCOM 

region of operation. The CFL supplier will be chosen 

by the DISCOM through a due diligence process from 

a list of CFL suppliers empanelled by BEE. Under the 

scheme only 60 Watt and 100 Watt incandescent Lamps 

will be replaced with 11- 15 Watt and 20 - 25 Watt CFLs 

respectively. BEE will monitor the electricity savings 

in each project area in accordance with the monitoring 

methodology prescribed by the Executive Board of the 

CDM. For this purpose, BEE has developed smart 

meters based on GSM technology that are fitted between 

the socket and the CFL in sample households in each 

project area. The GSM based meter collects the data on 

hours of use and energy consumed by the sample CFL 

and sends this information by SMS to the central server. 

An independent agency has already been selected for 

this job and meters have been installed in Vizag, Andhra 

Pradesh and Yamunagar, Haryana. Test of these meters 

have been carried out in NABL accredited labs. It is 

expected that around 50 lakh CFLs will be replaced in 

each DISCOM area. 

In order to reduce the transaction costs associated with 

the approval of CDM projects, BEE has developed a 

Programme of Activities (PoA) which would serve as 

an umbrella CDM project, and would be registered 

with the CDM Executive Board. The individual 

projects, designed to be in conformance with the 

umbrella project, would be added to the umbrella 

project as and when they are prepared. The 

development of the PoA is a voluntary action on the 

part of BEE, and it would not seek any commercial or 

CDM revenues from the PoA. On the other hand, BEE 

will, on behalf of the Government of India take the 

responsibility of monitoring of all project areas after 

the DISCOMs and the CFL suppliers have entered into 

a tripartite agreement (TPA) with BEE.

The business model of the BLY is based on the 

successful issuance of Certified Emission Reductions 

(CERs) to each project. These CERs accrue each year 

to a project after it is verified that the use of the CFLs 

has resulted in the avoidance of CO 2 emissions due to 

the lower amount of electricity used by them as 

compared to the incandescent bulbs which they have 

replaced. In order to enable such a monitoring 

methodology, the BEE is overseeing the registration 

for a programmatic CDM project, and would facilitate 

the monitoring of CFL usage through the installation 

of GSM based smart meters in sample households in 

each project area of the country as required under the 

approved methodology AMS-II.C of the Clean 

Development Mechanism (CDM) Executive Board. 

The entire cost of monitoring in each project area, as 

long as the project use the same baseline methodology 

and are in agreement with the roles and responsibilities 

as indicated in the Tripartite agreement (TPA), would 

be borne by BEE under an approved scheme of 

Ministry of Power, Government of India. BEE has 

empanelled many CFL Manufacturers and Traders 

whose list is being circulated to all states/ DISCOMs. 

The Criteria for empanelment are as under: 

1. Knowledge and capabilities of preparing CDM 

projects 

2. Experience in developing CDM projects 

3. Technical Particulars of the CFL products 

(15Watt, 20 Watts). 

4. Test Reports from the National Accredited 

laboratories for their products, indicating 

compliance with the available national standards 

viz. IS: 15111 Part 1, 2, including power factor of 

0.85 or more. 

5. Mercury content in the CFLs is less than 5mg. 

6. Details about manufacturing or sourcing of CFLs. 

7. Details about the present infrastructural set up 

Role of Stakeholders 

Steps required by States/ DISCOMs: 

• Select a suitable CFL supplier from amongst the 

list empanelled by BEE 

Ensure that the CFL to be distributed conforms 

to BIS standards. 

Ensure sale of CFLs (labeled with the scheme 

logo) to the project households at Rs. 15 per lamp 

Arrange for collection and safe disposal of CFLs- 

Rs. 2 to be paid for each fused CFL (from the cost 

of Rs. 15) which is brought to collection points 

and Rs. 3 per CFL for their safe disposal 

Prepare and secure registration of their activity 

as a CDM project in association with the selected 

CFL supplier, within the framework of the 

programme of activities. 

The following roles and responsibilities have been 

identified for the three stakeholders, as under: 

CFL Manufacturers and Traders 

Providing CFLs with lumen output +/- 10% of 

the baseline ie (lumen output of 100 Watt &60 

Watt ) Incandescent Lamps at price comparable 

to those of Incandescent Lamps (i.e. Rs 15), in 

exchange for functioning Incandescent Lamps 

that are currently being used in the households. 

A maximum of 2 CFLs shall be replaced per 

household. These CFLs shall carry a warranty of 

at least 1 Year and would be compliant with IS: 

15111 Part 1 &Part 2 or any other equivalent 

international standard , subject to the condition 

that the product is under testing at a NABL for 

proving its compliance with the above Indian 

Standard . 

Collection of fused CFLs through buy-back 

schemes, and arrangements for their safe 

disposal. 

Bureau of Energy Efficiency 3

Pre-project survey to estimate the annual 

electricity saving potential in a selected project 

area. 

Distribution of CFLs in association with DISCOM 

within its customer area. 

Securing financing of initial investment for the 

cost differential (no subsidy form the Govt. of 

India towards reducing cost of the CFL lamps). 

Free replacement of distributed CFLs which fuse 

within 1 years of usage during the life of the CDM 

project in the area. 

Preparing CDM documentation for their project 

activity and submitting it to BEE. 

Getting the project CDM documentation 

validated by a Designated Operational Entity 

(DOE) of CDM Executive Board. 

Getting the CDM project documentation 

registered with the UNFCCC as part of the BEE 

Programme of Activities. 

DISCOM in project area 

BEE: 

Define geographic boundary of project area 

within a DISCOM’s service area. 

Define a residential household based on State 

level definition and tariff category. 

Prepare database of all grid connected residential 

households to include name of users/ address/ 

average annual electricity consumption in the 

project area 

Assist in selection of Project sample group (PSG), 

Project sample buffer group (PSBG), Project 

cross-check group (PCCG). 

Safe storage of replaced incandescent bulbs for 

independent inspection by a DOE and disposal. 

Extensive awareness and information campaign 

in association with DISCOMs. 

Development of Small-Scale Programme of 

Activities Design Document. 


Registration of the PoA with UNFCCC CDM 

Executive Board. 

Managing the monitoring of lighting appliance 

utilization hours within the PSG households 

using an approved small scale methodology of 

the UNFCCC (EB), and analysis of the monitored 

data. 

Supporting the CFL suppliers/ DISCOMs to 

prepare project level CDM documentation. 

Inclusion of project CDM documents in to the 

SSC-PoA upon satisfaction of the eligibility 

criteria stipulated in the PoA design document. 

Official communication with the CDM–Executive 

Board, DOE and Indian Designated National 

Authority (DNA) for CDM (which is the Ministry 

of Environment & Forests. Allocation of CERs to 

the CFL suppliers/ DISCOMs according to their 

share in emissions reductions in a specified 

period. 

A Tripartite Agreement (TPA) between BEE, the 

Distribution Company and the CFL supplier is being 

signed for formal assignment of these roles. Model 

TPA is at Appendix-A. Six TPAs have been signed 

till date as under: 

(a) BEE, EPDCL, Andhra Pradesh and M/s. OSRAM 

India Ltd. 

(b) BEE, UHBVNL, Haryana and M/s. OSRAM India 

Ltd. 

(c) BEE, UPCL, Uttarakhand and M/s. Intersuez. 

(d) BEE, JVVNL, Rajasthan and M/s. Banyan 

Innovations. 

(e) BEE, JVVNL, Rajasthan and M/s. Greenpoint 

Energy. 

(f) BEE, JVVNL, Rajasthan and M/s. Energy Mad. 

(g) BEE,APDCL , Andhra Pradesh and M/s. C-Quest. 

The list of CFL Suppliers empanelled by BEE is at 

Appendix-B. List of DISCOMS who have shown 

their intent to BEE for undertaking this project in 

their respective customer region are

1. Eastern Power Development Corporation of 

Andhra Pradesh 

2. Jaipur Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Limited 

3. Punjab State Electricity Board 

4. Kerela State Electricity Board 

5. Bangalore Electricity Supply Company 

6. Upper Assam Power Distribution Company 

Limited 

7. Lower Assam Power Distribution company limite 

8. Uttranchal power Distribution Company 

9. Tamil Nadu State Electricity Board . 

10. Dakshin Haryana Vidyut Vitaran Nigam . 

11. Bangalore Electricity supply Company 

12. Chattisgarh State Electricity Board 

13. M.P.Poorv kshetra Power Distribution Company 

Ltd. 

14. Delhi Transco 


Programme of Activities (PoA) Framework under 

the CDM 

The concept of a Programme of Activities (PoA) (often 

called Programmatic CDM) is described in EB 32, 

Annex 38, paragraph 1 as follows: 

A programme of activities (PoA) is a voluntary 

coordinated action by a private or public entity which 

coordinates and implements any policy/measure or 

stated goal (i.e. incentive schemes and voluntary 

programmes), which leads to anthropogenic GHG 

emission reductions or net anthropogenic greenhouse 

gas removals by sinks that are additional to any that 

would occur in the absence of the PoA, via an 

unlimited number of CPAs (EB 32, Annex 38, 

paragraph 1). Therefore, a PoA is: 

A voluntary action, 

Implementing a policy, measure or stated goal, 

Coordinated by a public or private entity, 

Resulting in emission reductions or removals that 

are additional. 

The following are the features of the PoA as adopted 

by the CDM Executive Board: 

A programme of activities (PoA) is a voluntary 

coordinated action by a private or public entity 

leading to anthropogenic GHG emission 

reduction. 

The physical boundary of a PoA may extend to 

more than one developing country. 

A PoA shall comply with all current guidance by 

the Board concerning the treatment of local/ 

regional/national policies and regulations. 

A PoA shall be proposed by the coordinating or 

managing entity which shall be a project 

participant authorized by all participating host 

country DNAs involved. 


Project participants of the PoA shall make 

arrangements with the coordinator or managing 

entity, relating to communications, distribution 

of CERs and change of project participants. 

The coordinating entity of the PoA shall identify 

measures to ensure that all CPAs under its PoA 

are neither registered as an individual CDM 

project activity nor included in another registered 

PoA and that the CPA is subscribed to the PoA. 

All CPAs of a PoA shall apply the same approved 

baseline and monitoring methodology. 

The PoA shall demonstrate that net reductions in 

anthropogenic emissions or net anthropogenic 

greenhouse gas removals by sinks for each CPA 

under the PoA are real and measurable. 

The PoA shall therefore define at registration, the 

type of information which is to be provided for 

each CPA to ensure that leakage, additionality, 

establishment of the baseline; baseline emissions, 

eligibility and double counting are 

unambiguously defined for each CPA within the 

PoA. 

Each CPA shall be uniquely identified, defined 

and localized in an unambiguous manner 

including the exact start and end date of the 

crediting period, by providing, at the stage it is 

added to the registered PoA, the information 

required by the registered PoA. 

The duration of the PoA, not exceeding 28 years 

and 60 years for A/R project activities, shall be 

defined by the entity at the time of request for 

registration of the PoA. Any CPA can be added 

to the PoA at any time during the duration of the 

PoA.

Advantages of PoA: The PoA framework has the 

following advantages in reducing transaction cost and 

time: 

Allows for an umbrella framework with many 

individual projects under an approved 

methodology. The multiple Project Design 

Documents (PDDs) (called CDM Project 

Activities- Design Documents CPA-DD) are part 

of the PoA. 

All PDDs have same monitoring/ validation 

requirements. 

Approval process of individual PDDs simplified 

substantially- no individual approval of PDDs by 

CDM Executive Board (EB). 

PoA can be run by any agency including 

government. 

Draft design of the PoA template document is 

provided in Appendix C. Individual CDM Project 

activities for CFL are also eligible to participate in the BLY 

scheme in addition to the PoA scheme described below with 

a view to broad base the BLY scheme provided they use the 

same monitoring methodology. 


Appendix A: Model Tripartite Agreement 

1. In course of the discussions between the parties 

to conclude the Agreement, the parties intend to 

consider the following measures: 

1.1. BEE is statutory body formed under the Energy 

Conservation Act, 2001 for promoting energy 

conservation and efficiency in the country. 

1.2. XXX is engaged in the generation & distribution 

of electricity power units, and Manufacturer/ 

Trader is engaged in the business of 

manufacturing and selling energy saving lighting 

appliances. 

1.3. Now therefore, the Parties are contemplating the 

development of a CDM Programme Activity 

(CPA), using an approved methodology or small 

scale methodology pursuant to the Clean 

Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol 

(“Methodology”) applied to residential lighting 

for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, 

resulting in sustainable energy savings in the 

State of XXX (hereinafter called the “Project”). 

BEE will be the monitoring agency for the project. 

1.4. The three parties will be responsible for the 

activities as mentioned in clause 1.5. 

Manufacturer/Trader will be responsible Project 

owner and will be in charge of the measures as of 


Tripartite Agreement under the Bachat Lamp Yojana 

Between 


hereinafter referred to as “BEE” 

and 

DISCOM 

– herein after referred to as “xxx” – 

and 

Project Developer 

– herein after referred to as “Manufacturer /Trader” – 

1.5. In return, to cover all costs and risks, 

Manufacturer/Trader will benefit from Certified 

Emission Reduction units (whose meaning is to 

be read in context of the Clean Development 

Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, hereinafter 

called “CERs”) generated from the Project. BEE 

will monitor the reduction in energy 

consumption that will lead to the above. The role 

of BEE and XXX is as in clause 1.5. 

1.5. The main roles of the three parties are listed 

below: 

CFL Manufacturers and Traders 

Providing CFLs with lumen output +/- 10% 

of the baseline ie (lumen output of 100 Watt 

& 60 Watt ) Incandescent Lamps at price 

comparable to those of Incandescent 

Lamps(i.e. Rs 15), in exchange for 

functioning Incandescent Lamps that are 

currently being used in the households. A 

maximum of 4 CFLs shall be replaced per 

household. These CFLs shall be compliant 

with the existing National Regulations in 

force. 

Free replacement of fused distributed CFLs, 

within 2 years for 6000 hour CFL and within

3 years for 10000 hour lamps, during the life 

of the CDM Project. 


schemes, and arrangements for their safe 

disposal. 


electricity saving potential and baseline 

penetration of CFL in a selected SSC-CPA 

area. 

Distribution of CFLs in association with 

DISCOM within its customer area. 

Securing financing of initial investment for 

the cost differential (no subsidy form the 

Govt. of India towards reducing cost of the 

CFL lamps). 

Preparing CDM Small-Scale Programme 

Activity Design Documents (SSC-CPA-DD) 

for their CDM Small-Scale Programme 

Activity (SSC-CPA) and submitting it to 

BEE. 

Getting the SSC-CPA–PDD validated by a 

Designated Operational Entity of CDM 


Getting the SSC-CPA –PDD registered with 

the UNFCCC (including payment of any fees 

to UNFCCC). 

DISCOM in SSC-CPA area 

Extend facilities to the SSC-CPA project investor 

to 

Define geographic boundary of customer 

area of a DISCOM. 

Define a residential household based on 

State level definition and tariff category. 

Safe storage of replaced ILBs for 

independent inspection and safe disposal. 

Prepare database of all grid connected 

residential households to include name of 

users/ address/ average annual electricity 

consumption for each SSC-CPA project area 

BEE: 

Selection of Baseline Survey Group (BSG), 

Project sample monitoring group (PSMG), 

Project spot-check group (PSCG). 

Extensive awareness and information 

campaign in association with DISCOMs. 


Activities Design Document (SSC-PoA-DD). 

Registration of the SSC-PoA with UNFCCC 

CDM Executive Board. 

Managing the monitoring of lighting 

appliance utilization hours within the PSMG 

households using the approved small scale 

methodology of the UNFCCC (EB) and 

analysis of the monitored data. 


prepare SSC-CPA-DDs. 

Inclusion of SSC-CPAs to the SSC-PoA upon 

satisfaction of the eligibility criteria 

stipulated in the SSC-PoA-DD. 

Official communication with the CDM–EB, 

DOE and Indian DNA. 

Allocation of CERs to the SSC-CPA project 

participant / DISCOMs according to their 

share in emissions reductions in a specified 

period. 

Decide any transaction cost on SSC-CPA for 

functioning as managing entity for SSC-CPA 

1.6 XXX will benefit from sustainable energy savings 

in the state of XXX, in return XXX and BEE will 

support Manufacturer/Trader to execute the 

Project. 

1.7 XXX accepts that Manufacturer/Trader may sign 

a separate agreement with a third party to share 

costs and risks according to 1.5. above as well as 

CER returns generated in the Project. 

2. Miscellaneous 

2.1. Each Party shall treat the Negotiations and the 

content of this MoU as confidential unless the 


other Party gives its prior written consent to its 

(or any part thereof) disclosure. 

Each Party shall use any information which it 

receives from the other Party during the course of 

discussions or Negotiations, only for the purposes 

for which it has been provided, and shall prevent 

third parties from gaining access to it and treat it 

in the same way as its own business secrets. This 

confidentiality obligation shall not apply to 

information which is generally known, which can 

be shown to have been independently developed 

by the recipient, or which has been acquired from 

a third party without nondisclosure obligation. 

This obligation shall likewise not apply if a Party 

is required by statutory regulations to reveal any 

of the information it has obtained. This obligation 

shall survive for a period of five years after this 

MoU lost its force. 

2.2. Each party has the right to discontinue discussions 

and negotiations at any time without any liability 

to or responsibility for cost and expenses or 

damages of whatever nature of the other party to 

this MoU. Except with respect to the provisions 

regarding confidentiality and the parties each 

being responsible for their own expenses and fees, 

this MoU does not create any binding legal 

obligation. Neither party makes any express or 

implied representation or warranty as the accuracy 

or completeness of the information supplied to the 

other pursuant to this MoU. Each party and their 

respective officers, affiliates, controlling persons, 

representatives, agents and stockholders expressly 

disclaim any and all liability which may be based 

on such information, errors therein or omissions 

there from. Each party is entitled to rely solely on 

any representations and warranties made in any 

final agreement, if any. 

2.3. Each party shall bear its own legal, accounting 

and administrative expenses in connection with 

the negotiation and consummation of the 

transactions proposed in this MoU. Either party 

shall have responsibility for the fees and expenses 

of any broker or advisor retained by the other. 

2.4. Additions and amendments to this MoU shall 

only be valid if made in writing. The requirement 


of the written form can itself only is waived in 

writing. 

2.5 Arbitration 

The parties shall endeavor in good faith to resolve 

amicably all questions, differences or disputes 

whatsoever which may arise between the parties, 

in connection with this MoU or its validity. 

Manufacturer/Trader, BEE and XXXX shall 

nominate one arbitrator. Both arbitrators shall 

agree on the third arbitrator within 30 days. 

Should the two arbitrators fail, within the above 

time-limit, to reach agreement on the third 

arbitrator, he/she shall be appointed under the 

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The 

provisions of Indian Arbitration & Conciliation 

Act, 1996 or any re-enactment or statutory 

modification thereof for the time being in force 

shall be applicable for the settlement of the 

dispute. The decision of the arbitrator shall be 

final and binding on the parties. 

The seat of arbitration shall be New Delhi. 

2.6 This MoU shall become effective upon signature 

by all parties. It shall terminate when the 

Agreement has been concluded or if otherwise 

notice of termination was given according to 2.3 

above. In case of termination Clauses 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 

and 2.6 shall survive the termination. 

2.7 This MoU summarizes the basis upon which the 

parties intend to negotiate to the definitive 

agreement(s). Consummation of the proposed 

transaction(s) as outlined in this MoU is expressly 

subject to the parties reaching agreement on any 

necessary definitive agreements, to the approval 

of the Board of Directors [or equivalent] of each 

of the parties, and to any necessary governmental 

approvals. 

XXX Manufacturer/ BEE: 

Trader 

Date: Date: Date: 

Authorised Authorised Authorised 

Signature: Signature: Signature: 

Name: Name: Name:

Appendix B: Empanelled Traders and Manufacturers 

*Mentioned above are the manufacturers/Traders who have shown their intent to participate in the CDM 

based CFL scheme Bachat Lamp Yojana. This list is subject to revisions as and when Manufacturers /Traders 

submit their letter of intent to the BEE . 

For the most updated list please check BEE website www.bee-india.nic.in. 

*List of the CFL Manufacturers/Traders for CDM based CFL Scheme 

Sl.No Name of the Address Contact Contact 

Manufacturer Persons Name Details 

1 M/s Osram India Pvt. Ltd. Signature Towers, Mr. Chandan Bhattacharjee Phone No :0124-4081581 

11 th Floor, Tower -B, Divisional Manager Fax :0124-4081577 

South City -1, (Display Optics, c.bhattacharjee@osram.co.in 

Gurgaon -122001 OEM&UR-IR) 

2 M/s Asian Electronics Ltd. Surya Plaza ,First Floor, Mr. D.S. Bedi Mobile No : 9312628768 

K-185/1, Sarai Jullena, 

(Near New Friends Colony) 

New Delhi -110025 

General Manager ds.bedi@aelgrup.com 

3 M/s Havells India Ltd. E-1 , Sector 59, Mr. Sunil Sikka Phone No : 0120-4771000, 

Noida -201307, UP, Sr VicePresident 4771002 

India Fax : 0120-2477666 

sunilsikka@havells.com 

4 M/s Surya Roshini Ltd. Padma Tower-1, Arvind Bansal Phone No :011-25810093 

2nd Floor, Fax :01125789560 

Rajender Place, 


arvindbansal@surya.co.in 

5 M/s Phillips Electronics Motorola Excellence Mr. Job Mathew Phone No :0124-4091900 

India Ltd. Centre, 5 th floor, Sr .GM Sales and Marketing Fax : 0124-4091993 

415/2, Mehauri Lalit Srivastava job.mathew@philips.com 

Gurgaon Road, 

Sector -14, 

Gurgaon -122001 

Area Manager -TPF 

6 M/s Phoenix Phoenix Lamps Ltd. Mr. S.Ramesh Phone No : +91-120-2562952 

59-A, NSEZ, Phase-II, DGM upto 57 (6 Lines) 

Noida. Smt. Seema Bhagat Fax (Intl.) : +91-120-2562943, 

Uttar Pradesh - 201 305, (AVP) +91-11-26843949 

INDIA. halonix@vsnl.com 

s.ramesh@phoneixlamp.com 

7 M/s Finolex Cables Limited 14th Floor 'A Wing, Mr. Naresh Kumar Director Phone : 

Statesman House, 01123319744, 23324748 

148, Statesman Road, Fax: 01123715642 

NewDelhi -110001 Email : sales@finolex.com 

8 M/s Reliance Industries Ltd. Reliance Industries Ltd Shri Hari Kumar Landline : +91 80 41498285 

- Retail Business Home Improvement Mobile : +91 99016654907 

No. 62/2, 2nd Floor, Email : hari.kumar@ril.com 

Richmond Road, 

Bangalore - 560 025 




9 M/s Wipro Consumer Doddakanelli , Shri Sanjay Gupta Landline :080-28440011 ext 6203 

Care &Lighting Sarjapur Road, Vice President Sales Fax :08028440054 

Banglore -5600035, 

India 

10 M/s Alien Energy 28, Rishab Vihar, Shri Akash Jain Phone No :22372828 

Private Ltd Karkardooma , Delhi -92 Director Telefax :01122375994 

Aditya Malik (9810 250203) akashjain@alienenergy.in 

11 M/s HPL Protection Dhatoori Road, Shri Praveen K. Baderia Phone No. 0130-2475955 

Technologies Ltd. V & PO, Bhigan, Senior Manager-Quality & Fax: 0130-2475956 

Gannaur, Sonipat, Engineering Mobile No. 09812594292 

Haryana - 131 003 Email: hpl@hplindia.com 

12 M/s Epic Energy Ltd. 119, Patil Wadi, Shri Narhari Patil Tel: + 91 22 27692611 

At-Rabale, Head Operation Telefax: + 91 22 27693706 

Post-Ghansoli, Mobile No. 09833832665 

Opp. Hotel Mallika, Email: epicenergy@gmail.com, 

Navi Mumbai- 400 701 npatil@epicenergy.biz 

13 H.Q. Lamps Plot No. 73-75, Sec-6A, V.K. Sharma Tel: 01334-329815, 239451 

Manufacturing Co. Sidcul Industrial Area, G. M. Marketing Fax: 01334-239460 

Haridwar, Email: hqlamps@yahoo.co.in 

Uttranchal (India) 

14 Cenzer Industries Limited 401, Rangoli Time Joitkumar Jain Tel: (022) 24158140/41 

Complex, Dr. B.A. Road, (Chairman & Managing Fax: (022) 24185800 

Parel (E), Director) Email: sales@bistecindia.co.in 

Mumbai - 400 012. India 

CFL Traders 



1 M/s AES AES (India) Pvt. Ltd. Ms. Ishani Chattopadhyay Phone No : +61410332912 

408, 4 TH Floor, Tower B Country Head, Mobile No :+91 9910265680 

Global Business Park Climate Solutions email : ishani.c@aes.com 

Gurgaon -122002 

Haryana 

2 M/s Banyan Consultant Banyan Environmental Mr. Nityanand J.Agrawal Mobile no : 09346238867, 

Innovation Pvt Ltd, CEO and Managing Director 9989820777 

602, Panorama Mansion, agrawalnj@gmail.com 

Asif Avenue, 

Soamjiguda, 

Hyderabad- 500082 Mr. P Varshney Phone No : 01141659132 (D) 

3 M/s PTC India Limited 2nd Floor, NBCC Tower, Vice President 41659500 

15 Bhikaji Cama Place, Fax : 01141659145 

New Delhi -110066 Email : pvarshney@ptcindia.com 

4 M/s Asia Carbon Emission 167 ,Kodambakkam Mr N R Ravishunkar Phone No : 044-39180501 

Management India Pvt Ltd High Road, Regional Director Fax : 044-39180501 

Nungambakkam, Business Development and email: ravi@asiacarbon.com 

Chennai-600034, Origination 

Tamil Nadu, India 

12 Bureau of Energy Efficiency



5 M/s Edf Trading Head office (London) Mr. Auroskanda Vepari Phone Number : 011-41651737, 

80 Victoria Street, (London) 011-26537524 

Cardinal Place , Business development & Harmanjit.nagi@edf.fr 

3rd Floor Origination +442070614217 

London SW1E5JL Mr. H.S. Nagi (Delhi ) Mobile No : 09810333572 

(India Office) & +4479117203870 

A-10, 3rd Floor, Fax : 01141651727 

Sanskrit Bhawan, auroskanda.vepari@edftrading.com 

Qutab Institutional Area, 


6 M/s C-Quest Capital 4, Pembroke Street Mr. Caroline van Tilborg Tel: +61 (0) 8 9319 8057 

Bicton, 6157 Fax: +61 (0) 8 9319 8067 

Western Australia Mob: +61 (0) 42 094 0279 

Australia Email: cvantilborg@cqcllc.com 

7 M/s Intersuez Advisors 80/1-B, Malviya Nagar, Mr. Babindra Gambhir Phone Number :011-26684460 

Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi -110017 Director Fax :011-26684290 

Sunil Sood Sunil.sood@intersuez.com 

8 M/s Green Point Energy 501, Pearl Oasis, B-176, Shri Nilesh Gupta Phone Number : 0141-4004530 

Pvt. Ltd. Mangal Marg, Director Mobile No. 09928750500 

Bapu Nagar, 

Jaipur - 302015 


CONTENTS 

A. General description of small-scale programme of 

activities (SSC-PoA) 

B. Duration of the small-scale programme of 

activities 

C. Environmental Analysis 

D. Stakeholder comments 

E. Application of a baseline and monitoring 

methodology to a typical small-scale CDM 

Programme Activity (SSC-CPA) 

ANNEXES 

Annex 1: Contact information on Coordinating/ 

managing entity and participants of SSC-PoA 

Annex 2: Information regarding public funding 

Annex 3: Baseline information 

Annex 4: Monitoring plan 

NOTE: 

Appendix C: Draft PoA Document Template 

CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM 

SMALL-SCALE PROGRAMME OF ACTIVITIES DESIGN DOCUMENT FORM 

(CDM SSC-PoA-DD) Version 01 

(i) This form is for the submission of a CDM PoA 

whose CPAs apply a small scale approved 

methodology. 

(ii) At the time of requesting registration this form 

must be accompanied by a CDM-SSC-CPA-DD 

form that has been specified for the proposed 

PoA, as well as by one completed CDM-SSC- 

CPA-DD (using a real case). 

1 http://www.cea.nic.in/power_sec_reports/general_review/0405/ch8.pdf, pp 171 


SECTION A. 

General description of small-scale programme of 

activities (PoA) 

A.1 Title of the small-scale programme of activities 

(PoA): 

>> CFL lighting scheme -- "Bachat Lamp Yojana" of 

Government of India. 

Version Number: DRAFT-14 

Date: 10/09/2008 

A.2. Description of the small-scale programme of 

activities (PoA): 

>> The following information shall be included here: 

1. General operating and implementing framework 

of PoA 

2. Policy/measure or stated goal of the PoA 

3. Confirmation that the proposed PoA is a 

voluntary action by the coordinating/managing 

entity. 

The energy conservation Act, 2001 under section 14 

requires the Government to take necessary measures 

to promote Demand-Side management (DSM) 

measures to reduce energy intensity in India. The 

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is expected to 

conceptualise schemes for promoting projects that 

enhance energy conservation and efficiency under the 

Act. 

Domestic appliances and lighting sector accounts for 

almost 22% 1 of the total electricity demand in India,

and contributes almost fully to the peak load as well. 

It is estimated that there are over 400 million light 

points in India lighted using Incandescent Lamps 

(ICLs); their replacement by CFLs would lead to a 

reduction of over 20,000 MW in electricity demand 2 . 

The replacement potential of ICLs with CFLs is also 

borne out of the fact that in the year 2007, ICL sales in 

India were 780 million whereas CFL sales were just 

140 million 3 .The penetration share of incandescent 

lamps for lighting in commercial and residential sector 

together is thus ~ 85% in India. 

ICLs are extremely energy in-efficient, with just 5% of 

the electricity input converted to light. The remaining 

is lost as heat. In recent years the Compact Fluorescent 

Lamp (CFL) has emerged as an energy efficient 

alternative, as a CFL uses only one-fifth as much 

electricity as an ICL to provide the same amount of 

illumination. 

Hence, it is not surprising to note that CFL sales have 

grown from 35 million in 2003 to more than 140 million 

in 2007 4 . However a majority of the CFL sales is 

expected to be taking place in the commercial sector 

and not the residential sector. The reasons for this are: 

This is because the domestic electricity tariff is 

very low (Rs 1.2 to 5.6) as compared to a much 

higher commercial sector tariff (Rs 4 to 11) 5 . 

Also, the hours of use in the commercial sector of 

CFLs is much more than the domestic sector, 

leading to a faster return on investment and 

thereby a higher penetration of CFL in 

commercial sector. 

The penetration of CFL use in the domestic 

household sector is further impeded by the higher 

initial price of the CFL. In the year 2000 a CFL 

would cost around Rs 300, in 2008 it costs around 

Rs 80-130. On the other hand, an ICL costs just 

Rs 10-15. 

Hence initiatives to decrease the reliance on ICLs are 

necessary to enhance CFL penetration in households. 

2 Bachat Lamp Yojana, EFC Document, Bureau of Energy Efficiency, 2007, pp 3 

3 ELCOMA Statistics, August 2008 


5 http://www.cea.nic.in/e&c/Estimated%20Average%20Rates%20of%20Electricity.pdf 

6 Refer to the Approved Expenditure Finance Committee Document dated 29 th September 2007 

Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY) Scheme 

The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) will coordinate 

the Small-Scale Programme of Activities (SSC-PoA) 

and will support the CFL manufacturers, traders, 

investors etc in implementing the CDM Programme 

Activities (CPAs) in various Indian States through 

collaboration with Electricity Distribution Companies 

(DISCOMs). 

The development of the SSC-PoA is a voluntary action 

on the part of BEE and it would not seek any 

commercial revenues from the SSC-CPA 6 . The BEE will 

take on the responsibility of providing monitoring 

services for SSC-CPA project areas till 2012 to promote 

the adoption of Bachat Lamp Yojana scheme. Post- 

2012, as per the tripartite agreement in-between BEE, 

SSC-CPA owner and the DISCOM, monitoring would 

be done by the SSC-CPA owner. 

Under the scheme CFLs would be provided to 

residential households at the same cost as that of an 

incandescent lamp (ICL). The SSC-CPA would arrange 

for the collection and scrapping of CFLs in an 

environment friendly manner once the CFLs have 

reached there end of life. 

To make up for providing the cost of CFL available at 

an equivalent to ICL, the Clean Development 

Mechanism (CDM) is harnessed. The earnings from 

the CERs from the scheme would be allocated to the 

SSC-CPA owners. 

The BEE would be in charge of monitoring CFL use in 

groups of sample households in the SSC-CPA area to 

provide the data on usage required to verify carbon 

dioxide emission reductions under the CDM project. 

A.3. Coordinating/managing entity and participants 

of SSC-POA: 

>> The following information shall be included here: 

1. Coordinating or managing entity of the PoA as 

the entity which communicates with the Board 


2. Project participants being registered in relation 

to the PoA. Project participants may or may not 

be involved in one of the CPAs related to the PoA. 

1. The coordinating or managing entity of the 

SSC-PoA will be Bureau of Energy Efficiency 

(BEE). 

2. The project participants are--the SSC-CPA 

promoters who voluntarily become part of 

the PoA, by signing the tripartite agreement 

with BEE and the state DISCOMs under this 

scheme. These could be CFL manufacturers/ 

Traders/ Investors etc. 

A.4. Technical description of the small-scale 

programme of activities: 

>> 

A.4.1. Location of the programme of activities: 

>> 

A.4.1.1. Host Party(ies): 

>> India 

A.4.1.2. Physical/ Geographical boundary: 

>> Definition of the boundary for the PoA in terms of 

a geographical area (e.g., municipality, region within 

a country, country or several countries) within which 

all small-scale CDM programme activities (SSC-CPAs) 

included in the PoA will be implemented, taking into 

consideration the requirement that all applicable 

national and/or sectoral policies and regulations of 

each host country within that chosen boundary; 

The political boundary of India is chosen as the 

physical/ geographical boundary of the SSC-PoA. 

No part of the political boundary of India has been 

subject to enforced mandatory policies or regulations 

on adoption of CFLs at households, 

The SSC-CPAs that will be included in the SSC-PoA 

will be restricted to the geographical location of the 

SSC-CPA area. 


Political Map of India 

A.4.2. Description of a typical small-scale CDM 

programme activity (CPA): 

A.4.2.1. Technology or measures to be employed by 

the SSC-CPA: 

>> The SSC-CPA employs CFLs with the ballast 

integrated into the lamp, as direct substitutes for ICLs. 

Ballast-integrated CFLs usually have 2, 4 or 6 small 

fluorescent tubes that are mounted in a base attached 

to ballast. These CFLs consist of two main parts: the 

gas-filled tube (also called burner) and the magnetic 

or electronic ballast. 

Electrical energy in the form of an electrical current 

from the ballast flows through the gas, causing it to 

emit ultraviolet radiations. This coating converts the 

ultraviolet radiation emitted to visible light spectrum. 

CFLs that flicker when they start have magnetic 

ballasts; CFLs with electronic ballasts are now much 

more common 7 . 

CFLs are much more energy efficient than traditional 

light bulbs such as ICLs. The efficacy of ballast- 

7 L.I.F.E. Support Technologies TM , LLC (2007). See also:

integrated CFLs typically ranges from 35 to 80 lm/W 

- which is 4 to 5 times higher than the one of ICLs. 

Consequently, these CFLs consume only a 1/4th to 1/ 

5th of the energy used by ICLs to provide the same 

level of light 8 . 

CFLs that are distributed to a household by SSC-CPA 

promoters under the SSC-PoA shall always conform 

to the mandatory minimum technical specifications 

stipulated in the latest version of Bureau of Indian 

Standards (IS 15111). 

The CFLs are sold to grid-connected households in 

each SSC-CPA area at a price comparable to ICLs (i.e. 

Rs.10-15). The CFLs are distributed in the following 

manner: 

Distribution of CFLs and replacement of 

previously used ICLs directly at each household; 

and/or 

Distribution of CFLs at dedicated distribution/ 

collection points upon presentation of an 

invitation to participate in the SSC-CPA under 

the SSC-PoA, which is sent to the household by 

DISCOM in association with SSC-CPA promoter 

or advertised in the local press etc. 

The SSC-CPA promoter ensures that the returned ICLs 

are destroyed. The ICLs are collected directly from 

households or from the dedicated distribution/ 

collection points and stored at a centralized or 

multiple storage sites provided by the related 

DISCOM. These ICLs are thereafter destroyed in the 

presence of an independent agency . 

a.) Three Tube CFL b.) Two Tube CFL c.) Spiral Tube CFL d.) Spiral Tube CFL 

Figure 1: Examples of ballast-integrated CFLs9 with plug in Type base 

A.4.2.2. Eligibility criteria for inclusion of a SSC-CPA in the PoA: 

>> Here only a description of criteria for enrolling the CPA shall be described, the criteria for demonstrating 

additionality of CPA shall be described in section E.5 

The role of BEE is to ensure and facilitate the project SSC-CPA monitoring activity and ensure safe disposal of 

CFLs at end-of-life. The SSC-CPA, shall over and above the eligibility conditions stated below also meet all 

other conditions for satisfying the UNFCC norms. 

BEE, as the SSC-PoA managing entity, shall verify eligibility conditions before allowing a SSC-CPA under the 

SSC-PoA. For this purpose, BEE will take irrevocable undertakings regarding the eligibility criteria from the 

SSC-CPA promoters and supporting DISCOMs. 

8 Lefèvre, De T’Serclaes, and Waide (2006) “Barriers to technology diffusion: The case of CFLs”. IEA/OECD. 

9 All CFLs replacing the incandescent lamps shall be plug in type and not of screw base. 


The eligibility criteria for inclusion of a SSC-CPA under the SSC-PoA are as follows: 

S. No Eligibility Criteria Status 

1 The SSC-CPA promoter, BEE and the related DISCOM will enter into 

a tripartite agreement, specifying each party's duties and 

responsibilities under a SSC-CPA. 

2 SSC-CPA shall agree to continue providing monitoring as per the 

requirements and provision of the SSC-CPA-DD, after 31st March 

2012, when the BEE funded-monitoring stops. 

3 SSC-CPA CFLs distributed under the scheme: 

- be distributed to grid-connected households at Rs 10-15 (price of 

an ICL). 

- Conform to the IS : 15111 requirements 

4 Safe disposal of a fused CFL shall comply with national regulations 

for environmentally safe handling and Management of mercury 

containing Fluorescent lamps, set by the Ministry of Environment and 

Forest, Govt of India. 

5 The SSC-CPA shall not re-register an existing CDM project or post- 

PoA registration shall not register SSC-CPA as a distinct CDM project 

outside the SSC-PoA. 

6 The individual SSC-CPAs shall be confirmed to not to be a de-bundled 

component of another large-scale CPA or CDM project activity as per 

the latest guidance given by the CDM EB10 . The non-occurrence of 

de-bundling shall be justified in a SSC-CPA-DD for a SSC-CPA. 

7 The geographical boundary of the SSC-CPA area is uniquely mapped 

by SSC-CPA at its own cost e.g. using Geographical Information 

System (GIS) etc. 

10 At the time of submission of the SSC-PoA-DD for validation, the latest available CDM EB guidance is CDM EB 33 meeting report Annex 21 

“Guidance for determining the occurrence of de-bundling under a PoA”. It stipulates the following: 

For the purposes of registration of a PoA1 , a proposed SSC-CPA of a PoA shall be deemed to be a de-bundled component of a large scale activity 

if there is already an activity, 2 which: 

a. Has the same activity implementer as the proposed SSC-CPA or has a coordinating or managing entity, which also manages a large scale 

PoA of the same sectoral scope, and; 

b. The boundary is within 1 km of the boundary of the proposed SSC-CPA, at the closest point. 

1 Only those PoAs need to be considered in determining de-bundling that are: (i) in the same geographical area; and (ii) use the same 

methodology; as the PoA to which proposed CPA is being added. 

2 Which may be a (i) registered SSC-CPA of a PoA, (ii) an application to register another SSC-CPA of a PoA, or (iii) another registered 

CDM project activity. 


Yes 

No 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No

A.4.3. Description of how the anthropogenic 

emissions of GHG by sources are reduced by a SSC- 

CPA below those that would have occurred in the 

absence of the registered PoA (assessment and 

demonstration of additionality): 

>> The following shall be demonstrated here: 

(i) The proposed PoA is a voluntary coordinated 

action; 

(ii) If the PoA is implementing a voluntary 

coordinated action, it would not be implemented 

in the absence of the PoA; 

(iii) If the PoA is implementing a mandatory policy/ 

regulation, this would/is not enforced; 

(iv) If mandatory a policy/regulation is enforced, the 

PoA will lead to a greater level of enforcement of 

the existing mandatory policy/regulation. 

The information presented here shall constitute the 

demonstration of additionality of the PoA as a whole. 

Voluntary Coordinated Action 

The proposed PoA is a voluntary and coordinated 

action. There are no mandatory requirements in India 

requiring the use of energy efficient CFL at the 

residential level. Moreover, the PoA requires 

individual households to take voluntary action to 

participate in project activities. 

Consideration of CDM Benefit at Project Start 

This PoA is for the Bachat Lamp Yojana. Right at the 

announcement of the scheme, the project has been 

envisaged as a CDM project. 

Additionality Discussion 

According to the guidance given in attachment A of 

the Appendix B of the "Simplified modalities and 

procedures for small-scale CDM project activities", 

additionality of a small-scale CDM project can be 

demonstrated by showing that the project would not 

have occurred anyway due to the existence of one or 

more of the following barriers: (i) investment barrier, 

(ii) technological barrier, (iii) barrier due to prevailing 

practice, and (iv) other barriers. 

Alternative Scenarios 

The PoA scheme called Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY) 

provides CFLs to household consumers at the price of 

an ICL (Rs 10-15) and thereby replaces an ICL. 

As discussed in section E.4, the use of CFLs in 

residential sector in India is low. ICLs represent the 

lighting choice in the area covered by the PoA and 

SSC-CPAs. 

Without the intervention of the PoA the households 

would have either: 

1. Continued use of inefficient ICLs in the SSC-CPA 

area, 

2. Autonomously voluntary replacing of ICL with 

new lighting devices (including those other than 

CFLs) with same or greater efficiency without 

being registered as a CDM project activity. 

3. Mandatory replacing of ICL with new lighting 

devices (including those other than CFLs) with 

same or greater efficiency without being 

registered as a CDM project activity 

The scenario of 'Continued use of ICL' as discussed 

above represents the lighting choice at the point of 

application in the households covered by the PoA 

(refer section E.4 for discussion). Even in the case of 

new buildings considering screw-in or pin type 

lighting, the ICL is the preferred choice of the builders 

due to low initial cost, since the house is sold to the 

resident, thus becoming a fit case of split incentive, 

Hence this is an applicable alternative. 

The third alternative, is not applicable as there is no 

compulsory mandated legal requirement for replacing 

ICLs with CFLs in India. Some of the progressive 

utilities in India have tried out bulk procurement and 

marketing to domestic sector at below market prices 

and / or introducing replacement schemes. These 

efforts were taken by utilities in some states e.g. 

Andhra Pradesh, Haryana etc with limited success. 

However, since the financial status of these utilities is 

bad, the subsidy efforts could not be continued on a 

long-term sustainable basis. 

In the near future the voluntary "Bachat Lamp Yojana" 

scheme aims to encourage the replacement of ICL with 


CFLs. Hence, a mandatory regulation for compulsory 

use of CFL in place of ICL is not foreseen. 

The second alternative-- autonomous growth of CFLs 

in domestic lighting in India, though a possibility faces 

a number of barriers and would not occur anyway in 

India. The barriers are listed as under: 

Barrier at Consumer Level 

1. High initial capital cost of CFL and high consumer 

discount rate - The electricity consumer in 

households even if they understand that they will 

save money from energy efficiency (EE) 

investments, will only invest in EE measures if 

the financial returns occur for sure and that too 

in the very short term. 

Domestic consumers often have a limited 

understanding of the benefits of EE investments. 

They are often cash-constrained and since the 

investment in CFL is nearly 10 times that of ICL, 

domestic consumers are not willing to make such 

investments. 

2. Lack of information - in a developing country like 

India, there is insufficient information about the 

costs and benefits of energy efficiency, 

particularly, with the domestic consumer. The 

efforts of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) 

under the BLY scheme are focused towards 

enhancing consumer awareness and promote 

energy efficiency. 

3. Split incentives - Especially in the case of new 

buildings , the builder or owner of a home or 

building does not pay the energy bills, he/she 

usually have little financial incentive to make EE 

improvements, while the resident owner / tenants, 

who pays the bills, does not want to make major 

EE investments in property they do not own. 

4. Doubts that promised savings will accrue - Some 

of the earlier versions of CFL's launched in the 

Indian market were of low quality and had large 

failure rates. Since the Indian Standard for CFLs 

has been implemented, a minimum level of 


quality is assured. However, consumers are still 

skeptical about the energy savings that will accrue 

from their CFL use. 

5. Incentives not high enough - Domestic energy 

users do not have a financial incentive to 

implement EE measures. They operate the CFL 

for a very short duration 11 coupled with the lower 

tariff structure 12 in comparison with commercial 

users and hence the incentive for them to adopt 

CFL is low. 

Technology Barrier 

— Power Factor: BIS plan to implement a 

mandatory standard which require Power Factor 

(PF) of 0.85 and above for CFL bulbs (at present 

the PF is ? 0.5). These High PF Bulbs, given the 

technology built-in, are likely to be priced 20% 

higher. With this included the economics change 

considerably 

— Poor Quality of Power Supply: CFLs unlike an 

ICL are more susceptible to failure. This is because 

CFLs include electronic parts whereas ICLs just 

make use of a resistive load. Moreover, ICLs can 

work at very low voltages and emit light. CFLs 

on the other hand can emit light only with a 

voltage greater than 170 V. To address the quality 

issues, starting 2006, an Indian standard 15111 

has been applied to all CFLs sold in the Indian 

market. 

Barrier at Market Level 

1. Unavailability of energy-efficient products - 

Manufacturers often do not make or market more 

energy-efficient products, especially in non-urban 

centers, as they do not expect to have a market 

for these products. In addition, product 

distributors and retailers often do not have any 

incentive to stock or aggressively display energyefficient 

products, making it difficult for willing 

customers to find the efficient products they may 

seek. 

2. Insufficient domestic manufacturing capability- 

Manufacturers in India are not developing in- 

11 Unlike a commercial user where expected hours of usage can be more than 4 hours a day, a residential user averages just 3-4 hours a day. The 

hours of usage also widely vary depending on the power supply in each state and the socio-economics of the household. 

12 Refer Section E.4, the domestic electricity tariff is very low (Rs 1.2 to 5.6) as compared to a much higher commercial sector tariff (Rs 4 to 11).

house CFL technology manufacturing This is also 

borne out of the fact that in the year 2007, out of 

the 140 million CFLs produced in India, 52 million 

were imported 13 . 

Investment Barrier 

The typical SSC-CPA aims to distribute around 700,000 

CFLs for a minimal fee. The Fee is in-between Rs 10- 

15 which is comparable to the market price of a GLS 

bulb and therefore much lower than the market costs 

for a CFL lamp Rs 80-130, depending on the quality 

and wattage of the CFL. 

To be most conservative, for the calculation it is 

assumed that the SSC-CPA may generate a revenue 

stream from CERs and hence an investment 

comparison analysis (NPV and IRR calculation) is 

applied in the following. Conservative values are taken 

for calculation. 

In addition a sensitivity analysis has been done, 

assuming ± 10 % variation in CFL costs. 

It can be seen that the CDM provides the only financial 

incentive to implement the project activity. Net present 

value without CER revenues is negative. It could be 

demonstrated that only with CER revenues of 10 / 

CER, the project becomes financially attractive. 

Taking into account the these barriers of consumer 

level, (Technology, Market and Investment), the PoA 

is proved to be additional. 

Table 1: Main tasks of the Monitoring Manager 


A.4.4. Operational, management and monitoring 

plan for the programme of activities (PoA): 

A.4.4.1. Operational and management plan: 

>> Description of the operational and management 

arrangements established by the coordinating/ 

managing entity for the implementation of the PoA, 

including: 

(i) A record keeping system for each CPA under the 

PoA, 

(ii) A system/procedure to avoid double accounting 

e.g. to avoid the case of including a new CPA that 

has been already registered either as a CDM 

project activity or as a CPA of another PoA, 

(iii) The SSC-CPA included in the PoA is not a debundled 

component of another CDM 

programme activity (CPA) or CDM project 

activity. 

(iv) The provisions to ensure that those operating the 

CPA are aware of and have agreed that their 

activity is being subscribed to the PoA; 

The Operational and monitoring plan is evolving in 

the context of BEE and project requirements. Key tasks 

are covered as under. 

The Monitoring Manager has the following main tasks. 

Staff members with required competence are assigned 

under the Monitoring Manager to complete the tasks. 

Task Frequency Competence required 

1. Supervision of GIS operator on 

mapping of boundaries of each 

SSC-CPA under the SSC-PoA as 

well as any other CDM project on 

CFL distribution in India 

2. Check whether submitted SSC- 

CPAs fulfil the eligibility criteria 

3. Submission of SSC-CPA- DDs to a 

DOE 

Once relevant SSC-CPAs or 

other CDM projects are 

submitted for validation 

Once when each SSC-CPA 

is submitted 

Once when each SSC-CPA- 

DD is finalized 

GIS skills 

Understanding of SSC-CPA-DD 

content 

Understanding of SSC-CPA-DD 

content 


As described in section E.6.2., each SSC-CPA under 

the SSC-PoA shall establish a SSC-CPA 

implementation plan, which includes eligibility criteria 

for participation in the SSC-PoA. The eligibility criteria 

ensures that (i) There is no double counting of emission 

reductions to be claimed for CERs under the SSC-PoA, 

(ii) The SSC-CPA included in the SSC-PoA is not a debundled 

component of another large-scale CPA or 

CDM project activity, and (iii) Those operating the 

SSC-CPA (k) are aware of and have agreed that their 

activity is being subscribed to the SSC-PoA through 

conclusion of a Tripartite Agreement (TPA) among the 

SSc-CPA owner, DISCOM and BEE. 

These eligibility criteria will be duly verified by BEE 

before the inclusion of a new SSC-CPA into the SSC- 

PoA. 

A.4.4.2. Monitoring plan: 

>> The following information shall be provided here: 

(i) Description of the proposed statistically sound 

sampling method/procedure to be used by DOEs 

for verification of the amount of reductions of 

anthropogenic emissions by sources or removals 

by sinks of greenhouse gases achieved by CPAs 

under the PoA. 

(ii) In case the coordinating/managing entity opts 


Task Frequency Competence required 

4. Implementation of monitoring with 

each SSC-CPA according to the 

monitoring methodology. Record 

keeping? 

5. Communication with DOE 

regarding monitoring reports. 

6. Revalidation of SSC-PoA after 

revision of the relevant baseline and 

monitoring methodology 

Periodically, as per 

Monitoring Plan 

After each request for 

issuance 

When the methodology 

has been revised 

Engineering knowledge regarding 

monitoring equipment used. 

Understanding of the baseline and 


Engineering knowledge regarding 

monitoring equipment used. 





for a verification method that does not use 

sampling but verifies each CPA (whether in 

groups or not, with different or identical 

verification periods) a transparent system is to 

be defined and described that ensures that no 

double accounting occurs and that the status of 

verification can be determined anytime for each 

CPA; XXXX 

A.4.5. Public funding of the programme of activities 

(PoA): 

>> The PoA has the managing entity as BEE which 

apart from the Govt of India budget support also 

receives ODA funding from the Government of 

Germany (a Annex I country). 

However for the PoA, the BEE has ensured that it does 

not use ODA funding and has obtained a special 

budget for the Bachat lamp Yojana Scheme from the 

Government of India. 

The budgetary support of 48 Crores has been 

sanctioned as detailed in the Expenditure Finance 

Committee (EFC) dated 29th September 2007 and 8th 

December 2007. 

The document shall be provided to the DOE during 

validation.

SECTION B. 

Duration of the programme of activities (PoA) 

B.1. Starting date of the programme of activities 

(PoA): 

>> XXXX 2009 with formal announcement 

B.2. Length of the programme of activities (PoA): 

>> 28 years (fixed) 

>> 

SECTION C. 

Environmental Analysis 

C.1. Please indicate the level at which environmental 

analysis as per requirements of the CDM modalities 

and procedures is undertaken. Justify the choice of 

level at which the environmental analysis is 

undertaken: 

1. Environmental Analysis is done X 

at PoA level 

2. Environmental Analysis is done 

at SSC-CPA level 

The PoA involves the distribution and installation of 

CFLs for residential lighting. The CFLs meet the IS 

15111 requirements. Moreover, there are no statutory 

environmental requirements on CFL disposal. 

However, CFLs like all fluorescent lamps contain a 

small quantity of mercury (~ 5 mg/ CFL) 14 . At present 

in India, the fluorescent lamps are at best recycled to 

recover the glass shell and plastic. The phosphor 

coating and mercury being disposed with the regular 

waste in landfills. 

This mercury may eventually add to contamination 

of soils and groundwater resources in India. BEE as 

the managing entity wants to address this issue 

proactively. Although MOEF does not mandate an EIA 

or any precautionary measures for CFL use, BEE 

requires all SSC-CPA owners to implement a mercury 

mitigation plan that will contribute to the prevention 

of mercury pollution from the project activity. 

1. All fused CFLs will be collected and will be 

disposed off, especially its mercury content, in 

accordance with the approved guidelines of the 

Ministry of Environment & Forests, applicable at 

that time. 

2. SSC-CPA will inform all households about the 

collection and disposal mechanism for the fused 

CFL lamps in an environmental friendly manner 

3. The waste of the collected and destroyed CFLs/ 

ICLs will be handled in an appropriate and 

environmental friendly way with due care and 

safety without causing any hazard as per the local 

State Pollution Control Board norms. 

C.2. Documentation on the analysis of the 

environmental impacts, including transboundary 

impacts: 

>> CFLs contain a very small amount of mercury 

sealed within the glass tubing - 5 milligrams on 

average (roughly equivalent to the tip of a ball-point 

pen). Mercury is an essential, irreplaceable element of 

CFLs as it allows the bulb to be an efficient light source. 

At present in India, the fluorescent lamps are at best 

recycled to recover the glass shell and plastic. The 

phosphor coating and mercury being disposed with 

the regular waste in landfills. This mercury may 

eventually add to contamination of soils and 

groundwater resources in India. 

Under the PoA, end-of-life CFLs and replaced 

scrapped ICLs would be disposed as per applicable 

environmental norms. 

C.3.Please state whether in accordance with the host 

Party laws/regulations, an environmental impact 

assessment is required for a typical CPA, included in 

the programme of activities (PoA),: 

>> The Government of India does not require any 

documentation of the environmental impacts of the 

project activity. The project type/category is not 

included in the "List of projects or activities requiring 

prior environmental clearance" included in the 

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) notification 

of the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF), 

Government of India, 2006 15 . 

14 http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/promotions/change_light/downloads/Fact_Sheet_Mercury.pdf 

15 Ministry of Environment and Forests (2006): S.O.1533(E),[14/09/06] - Environmental Impact Assessment Notification. Source: http:// 

envfor.nic.in/legis/eia/so1533.pdf 


SECTION D. 

Stakeholders' Comments 

D.1. Please indicate the level at which local 

stakeholder comments are invited. Justify the choice: 

1. Local stakeholder consultation is X 

done at PoA level 

2. Local stakeholder consultation is X 

done at SSC-CPA level 

Note: If local stakeholder comments are invited at the 

PoA level, include information on how comments by 

local stakeholders were invited, a summary of the 

comments received and how due account was taken 

of any comments received, as applicable. 

D.2. Brief description how comments by local 

stakeholders have been invited and compiled: 

>> The stakeholder consultation for the PoA is eing 

undertaken by BEE. 

This is done at three level: 

1. On the web-site of BEE the PoA document is 

available and comments are invited. 

2. Advertisements in Newspapers (in English, 

vernacular language) 

3. Workshop in New Delhi on the XXXX 


No comments were received before the conduct of the 

stakeholder consultation. 

D.3. Summary of the comments received: 

>>XXXX 

D.4. Report on how due account was taken of any 

comments received: 

>> XXXX 

SECTION E. 

Application of a Baseline and Monitoring 

Methodology 

This section shall demonstrate the application of the 

baseline and monitoring methodology to a typical SSC- 

CPA. The information defines the PoA specific 

elements that shall be included in preparing the PoA 

specific form used to define and include a SSC-CPA 

in this PoA (PoA specific CDM-SSC-CPA-DD). 

E.1. Title and reference of the approved SSC baseline 

and monitoring methodology applied to a SSC-CPA 

included in the PoA: 

>> AMS-II.C: Demand-side energy efficiency activities 

for specific technologies (EB 41, version 10). 

E.2. Justification of the choice of the methodology 

and why it is applicable to a SSC-CPA: 

>> 

The AMS-II.C (version 10) requires a SSC-PoA and 

SSC-CPA to meet the following: 

Technology / Measure Justification of Meth choice and applicability to 

SSC-CPA 

1. This methodology comprises activities that 

encourage the adoption of energy-efficient 

equipment, lamps, ballasts, refrigerators, motors, 

fans, air conditioners, appliances, etc. at many sites. 

These technologies may replace existing equipment 

or be installed at new sites. In the case of new 

facilities, the determination of baseline scenario shall 

be as per the procedures described in the general 

guidance to SSC methodologies under the section 

‘Type II and III Greenfield projects (new facilities)’. 

The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has 

proclaimed the ‘Bachat Lamp Yojana’ under which 

energy efficient CFL lamps would be distributed at 

the price of an incandescent lamp (ICL) to residential 

households on a voluntary basis. 

The CFL distribution is taken up by CPA 

developers, who enter into agreement with BEE and 

distribute CFLs (i.e. energy efficient lamps) to gridconnected 

households in the CPA area with 

assistance from the DISCOMs.

The aggregate energy savings by a single project 

may not exceed the equivalent of 60 GWh per year 

for electrical end use energy efficiency technologies. 

For fossil fuel end use, energy efficient technologies, 

the limit is 180 GWh thermal per year in fuel input. 

2. For each replaced appliance/equipment the 

capacity or output or level of service (e.g., light 

output, room temperature and comfort, the rated 

output capacity of air-conditioners etc.) is not 

significantly larger or smaller (maximum ± 10%) 

than the baseline. 

3. If the energy efficient equipment contains 

refrigerants, then it is ensured that the refrigerant 

used in the project case has lower GWP than the 

refrigerant used in the baseline equipment; the shift 

to the new refrigerant must be voluntary and not 

mandated by laws or regulations. This methodology 

credits emission reductions only due to the 

reduction in electricity consumption from use of 

more efficient equipment/appliances. 

The CFL lamps would replace incandescent lamp 

use at both existing sites or at new green-field sites. 

The baseline for the CPA would be determined as 

stated in Section E.4 of PoA. 

The aggregate energy savings from a CPA shall not 

exceed 60 GWh. This shall be demonstrated in SSC- 

CPA. 

The distributed CFL lamps under the CPA shall 

meet the applicable Indian Standard IS: 15111 for 

CFLs including amendments on date. 

The output capacity (rated luminous flux in lumens) 

of the distributed CFL shall be within ± 10% of the 

baseline ICL lamp replaced. Refer E.6.1 for details 

This condition is not applicable for this lighting 

project. 

Project activity under a programme of activities Justification of Meth choice and applicability to 

SSC-CPA 

In case the project activity involves the replacement 

of equipment, and the leakage effect of the use of 

the replaced equipment in another activity is 

neglected, because the replaced equipment is 

scrapped, an independent monitoring of scrapping 

of replaced equipment needs to be implemented. 

The monitoring should include a check if the 

number of project activity equipment distributed 

by the project and the number of scrapped 

equipment correspond with each other. For this 

purpose scrapped equipment should be stored until 

such correspondence has been checked. The 

scrapping of replaced equipment should be 

documented and independently verified. 

Since brand-new CFLs are installed, in case of greenfield 

installations leakage is not applicable. 

In retrofit cases, the leakage effect can be neglected 

in SSC-CPA, if the CFLs replace an existing 

incandescent lamp (ICL) under proper monitoring. 

Lamp failure Replacement Policy 

CFL lamps which mal-function within the first 2000 

hours of usage or first 12 months from date of 

installation (which-ever is earlier or within warranty 

period) shall be replaced free of cost under the SSC- 

CPA.Fused CFLs after the 2000 hours of usage or 

first 12 months from date of installation (which-ever 

is earlier) shall be discounted from the CER 

estimation under the SSC-CPA 


An assessment of Baseline Penetration Factor (BP) 

shall be done for each of the CPA of PoA separately 

through ex ante baseline survey. 

Leakage on account of cross effects (interactive 

effects, for example increased heating load due to 

introduction of efficient lighting technologies) shall 

be considered. For the case of increased heating load 

due to introduction of efficient lighting technologies, 

leakage should be considered unless it is 

demonstrated that any one of the following 

conditions are met: 

(a) Heating Degree Days (HDDs) to base 18°C in 

the geographic location of the project are equal 

to or less than 1000 in a year; 

(b) The ex ante survey determines that space 

heating in the project location is not done for 

more than two months in a year; 

(c) There is less than 10% penetration of space 

heating equipment in the location of the project 

activity. 


Lamp Scrapping Policy 

SSC-CPA developer shall implement an 

independent monitoring of the scrapping of the 

ICL.The number and “power” of a representative 

sample of the replaced devices shall be recorded in 

a way to allow for a physical verification by DOE. 

Each CPA shall assess the Baseline Penetration 

Factor (BP) by means of an ex-ante baseline survey 

in the SSC-CPA area. (see section E.6.2 for details) 

Justification at PoA level 

Space heating in the PoA boundary area – political 

boundary of India is applicable only in the northern 

parts of India and that to for not more than two 

months i.e December and January. 

Moreover, the PoA is restricted to the residential 

sector where unlike the commercial sector, space 

heating is limited to the use of convective heaters 

whose use is not wide spread and hence crosseffects 

are negligible. 

Hence, leakage due to cross-effects is not applicable 

on SSC-CPA. 

E.3. Description of the sources and gases included in the SSC-CPA boundary 

>> 

The project boundary is the physical, geographical location of each measure (i.e. each CFL) installed. The CFL 

installed is is energy efficient in comparison to a comparable conventional incandescent lamp (ICL) and by 

virtue of installation in grid-connected households, reduce the need for electricity. 

The electricity is supplied by the grid which is pre-dominantly fossil fuel based. Therefore, in-directly GHG 

emissions (CO 2 ) from grid-connected power plants are reduced. Other sources/ gases are deemed negligible. 

Source Gas Included? Justification / Explanation 

Baseline Power plants CO2 Included Main emission source. 

serving the CH4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission 

electricity grid source is assumed to be very small. 

N O 2 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission 

source is assumed to be very small. 

Project Activity Power plants CO 2 Included Main emission source. 

serving the CH 4 Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission 

electricity grid source is assumed to be very small. 

N 2 O Excluded Excluded for simplification. This emission 

source is assumed to be very small.

E.4. Description of how the baseline scenario is 

identified and description of the identified baseline 

scenario: 

>> As per the the latest version of the ‘General 

Guidance to SSC methodologies’ version 12, EB 41, 

the SSC-CPA may apply the Steps 1 to 3 of the latest 

version of “Combined tool to identify the baseline 

scenario and demonstrate additionality” to identify the 

baseline scenario. Hence the latest version 02.2 of the 

combined tool, EB 28 is applied. The tool steps are 

applied as follows: 

Step 1: Identification of alternative scenarios 

This Step serves to identify all alternative scenarios to 

the proposed pCDM project activity that can be the 

baseline scenario through the following Sub-steps: 

Sub-step 1a: Define alternative scenarios to the 

proposed CDM project activity 

Identify all alternative scenarios that are available to 

the SSC-CPA developers to the proposed pCDM 

project activity. In the context of this PoA, the 

geographical location of the SSC-CPA shall be within 

the political boundary of India. Under the project 

activity screw-in or pin type CFLs are installed instead 

of ICLs and hence possible alternative scenarios could 

be: 


area, 









Sub-step 1a: Consistency with mandatory applicable 

laws and regulations 

The first two identified scenarios above are in line with 

mandatory legal and regulatory requirements. 

16 http://www.cea.nic.in/power_sec_reports/general_review/0405/ch8.pdf, pp 171 

17 Bachat Lamp Yojana, EFC Document, Bureau of Energy Efficiency, 2007, pp 3 

The third scenario is not applicable as there is no 


ICLs with CFLs in India. In the near future the 

voluntary “Bachat Lamp Yojana” scheme aims to 

encourage the replacement of ICL with CFLs. Hence, 

a mandatory norm is not forseen. 

Even in the case of new buildings considering screwin 

or pin type lighting, the ICL is the preferred choice 

of the builders due to low initial cost, since the house 

is sold to the resident, thus becoming a fit case of split 

incentive. 

Accordingly only two scenarios qualify for further 

analysis: 


area, 





Step 2: Barrier Analysis 

Sub-step 2a: Identify barriers that would prevent the 

implementation of alternative scenarios 

Prevailing Practice Scenario of lighting in India 

The energy conservation Act, 2001 under section 14 

requires the Government to take necessary measures 

to promote Demand-Side management (DSM) 

measures to reduce energy intensity in India. The 

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is expected to 

conceptualise schemes for promoting projects that 

enhance energy conservation and efficiency under the 

Act. 

Domestic appliances and lighting sector accounts for 

almost 22% 16 of the total electricity demand in India, 

and contributes almost fully to the peak load as well. 

It is estimated that there are over 400 million light 

points in India lighted using ICLs; their replacement 

by CFLs would lead to a reduction of over 20,000 MW 

in electricity demand 17 . The replacement potential of 

ICLs with CFLs is also borne out of the fact that in the 

year 2007, ICL sales in India were 780 million whereas 


CFL sales were just 140 million 18 .The penetration share 

of incandescent lamps for lighting in commercial and 

residential sector together is thus ~ 85% in India. 

ICLs are extremely energy in-efficient, with just 5% of 

the electricity input converted to light. The remaining 

is lost as heat. In recent years the Compact Fluorescent 

Lamp (CFL) has emerged as an energy efficient 

alternative, as a CFL uses only one-fifth as much 

electricity as an ICL to provide the same amount of 

illumination. 

Hence, it is not surprising to note that CFL sales have 

grown from 35 million in 2003 to more than 140 million 

in 2007 19 . However a majority of the CFL sales is 

expected to be taking place in the commercial sector 

and not the residential sector. The reasons for this are: 

This is because the domestic electricity tariff is 

very low (Rs 1.2 to 5.6) as compared to a much 

higher commercial sector tariff (Rs 4 to 11) 20 . 

Also, the hours of use in the commercial sector of 

CFLs is much more than the domestic sector, 

leading to a faster return on investment and 

thereby a higher penetration of CFL in 

commercial sector. 

The penetration of CFL use in the domestic 

household sector is further impeded by the higher 

initial price of the CFL. In the year 2000 a CFL 

would cost around Rs 300, in 2008 it costs around 

Rs 80-100. On the other hand, an ICL costs just 

Rs 10-15. 

Hence initiatives to decrease the reliance on ICLs are 

necessary to enhance CFL penetration in households. 

Outcome of Step 2a: Baseline Scenario 

The baseline scenario is: 


area, for lighting in residential sector due to the 

low initial cost of the ICL. 



20 http://www.cea.nic.in/e&c/Estimated%20Average%20Rates%20of%20Electricity.pdf 


As per AMS-II.C (version 10) if the energy displaced 

is electricity, the emission baseline is determined as 

the product of baseline energy consumption of 

equipment /appliance and the emission factor for the 

electricity displaced. 

Baseline for Greenfield activities 

The latest version of the ‘General Guidance to SSC 

methodologies’ shall be applied by the SSC-CPA. At 

the time of PoA submission, the latest version 12, EB 

41 states that: 

Greenfield projects (new facilities) may use a Type II 

(e.g. AMS IIC) small-scale methodology provided that 

they can demonstrate that the most plausible baseline 

scenario for this project activity is the baseline 

provided in the Type II small-scale methodology. 

The SSC-CPA thus shall: 

include an assessment of the alternatives to the 

project activity. For the purpose of the 

assessment, the SSC-CPA may apply the Steps 1 

to 3 of the latest version of “Combined tool to 

identify the baseline scenario and demonstrate 

additionality” to identify the baseline scenario. 

If the identified baseline scenario is the same as 

the baseline of the methodology, and it can be 

demonstrated that the implementation of the 

project as ‘the proposed project activity 

undertaken without being registered as CDM’, 

is not the common practice in the region, project 

participants can apply the methodology. 

Capacity increase in Retrofit / Modification cases 

For project activities that seek to retrofit or modify an 

existing unit or equipment resulting in an increase in 

capacity, the determination of the baseline scenario 

for the incremental capacity shall be based on the 

procedures described in the general guidance to SSC 

methodologies under the sections ‘retrofit’ and 

‘capacity increase’.

The latest version of the ‘General Guidance to SSC 

methodologies’ shall be applied by the SSC-CPA. At 

the time of PoA submission, the latest version 12, EB 

41 states that: 

Retrofit: For project activities that seek to retrofit 

or modify an existing unit or equipment, the 

baseline may refer to the characteristics (i.e., 

emissions) of the existing unit or equipment only 

to the extent that the project activity does not 

increase capacity or output or level of service 

unless detailed specifications are provided as part 

of the indicated methodology. For any increase 

of capacity or output or level of service beyond 

this range, which is due to the project activity, a 

different baseline shall apply. 

Capacity increase: Type II project activities 

involving capacity increase may use a Type II SSC 

methodology provided that they can demonstrate 

that the most plausible baseline scenario for the 

additional (incremental) capacity is the baseline 

provided in the respective Type II small-scale 

methodology. The demonstration should include 

the assessment of the alternatives of the project 

activity. For the purpose of the demonstration, 

project participants may apply the Steps 1 to 3 of 

the latest version of “Combined tool to identify 

the baseline scenario and demonstrate 

additionality” to identify the baseline scenario. If 

the identified baseline scenario for the additional 

(incremental) capacity is the same as the baseline 

of the methodology, and it can be demonstrated 

that the implementation of the project as ‘the 

proposed project activity undertaken without 

being registered as CDM’, is not the common 

practice in the region, project participants can 

apply the respective methodology. If the most 

plausible scenario for the additional capacity is the 

project activity, the baseline emissions are 

considered only to the extent of the capacity of the 

facility, which is being replaced. 

As per AMIIC, the output capacity (rated luminous 

flux in lumens) of the distributed CFL shall be within 

± 10% of the baseline ICL lamp replaced. Hence no 

increase or decrease in capacity of the baseline iin the 

SSC-CPA is envisaged. 

E.5. Description of how the anthropogenic emissions 

of GHG by sources are reduced below those that 

would have occurred in the absence of the SSC-CPA 

being included as registered PoA (assessment and 

demonstration of additionality of SSC-CPA): >> 

E.5.1. Assessment and demonstration of additionality 

for a typical SSC-CPA: 

>> Here the PPs shall demonstrate, using the 

procedure provided in the baseline and monitoring 

methodology applied, additionality of a typical CPA. 

According to the guidance given in attachment A of 

the Appendix B of the "Simplified modalities and 

procedures for small-scale CDM project activities", 

additionality of a small-scale CDM project can be 

demonstrated by showing that the project would not 

have occurred anyway due to the existence of one or 

more of the following barriers: (i) investment barrier, 

(ii) technological barrier, (iii) barrier due to prevailing 

practice, and (iv) other barriers. 

Alternative Scenarios 

The PoA scheme called Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY) 

provides CFLs to household consumers at the price of 

an ICL (Rs 10-15) and thereby replaces an ICL. 

As discussed in section E.4, the use of CFLs in 

residential sector in India is low. ICLs represent the 

lighting choice in the area covered by the PoA and 

SSC-CPAs. 

Without the intervention of the PoA the households 

would have either: 


area, 










The scenario of 'Continued use of ICL' as discussed 

above represents the lighting choice at the point of 

application in the households covered by the PoA 

(refer section E.4 for discussion). Even in the case of 

new buildings considering screw-in or pin type 

lighting, the ICL is the preferred choice of the builders 

due to low initial cost, since the house is sold to the 

resident, thus becoming a fit case of split incentive, 

Hence this is an applicable alternative. 

The third alternative, is not applicable as there is no 


ICLs with CFLs in India. Some of the progressive 

utilities in India have tried out bulk procurement and 

marketing to domestic sector at below market prices 

and / or introducing replacement schemes. These 

efforts were taken by utilities in some states e.g. 

Andhra Pradesh, Haryana etc with limited success. 

However, since the financial status of these utilities is 

bad and these subsidy efforts could not be continued 

on a long-term sustainable basis. 

In the near future the voluntary "Bachat Lamp Yojana" 

scheme aims to encourage the replacement of ICL with 

CFLs. Hence, a mandatory norm is not forseen. 

The second alternative-- autonomous growth of CFLs 

in domestic lighting in India, though a possibility faces 

a number of barriers and would not occur anyway in 

India. The barriers are listed as under: 

(d) Other barriers: 

Barrier at consumer level 

1. High initial capital cost of CFL and high consumer 

discount rate - The electricity consumer in 

households even if they understand that they will 

save money from energy efficiency (EE) 

investments, will only invest in EE measures if 

the financial returns occur in the very short term. 

These users often do not apply such a high 

discount rate to other investments. 

Domestic consumers often have a limited 

understanding of the benefits of EE investments. 


They are often cash-constrained and since the 

investment in CFL is nearly 10 times that of ICL, 

domestic consumers are not willing to make such 

investments. 

2. Lack of information - in a developing country like 

India, there is insufficient information about the 

costs and benefits of energy efficiency, 

particularly, with the domestic consumer. The 

efforts of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) 

under the BLY scheme are focused towards 

enhancing consumer awareness and promote 

energy efficiency.. 

3. Split incentives - Especially in the case of new 

buildings , the builder or owner of a home or 

building does not pay the energy bills, he/she 

usually have little financial incentive to make EE 

improvements, while the resident owner / 

tenants, who pays the bills, does not want to make 

major EE investments in property they do not 

own. 

4. Doubts that promised savings will accrue - Some 

of the earlier versions of CFL's launched in the 

Indian market were of low quality and had large 

failure rates. Since the Indian Standard for CFLs 

has been implemented, a minimum level of 

quality is assured. However, consumers are still 

skeptical about the energy savings will accrue 

from their CFL use. 

5. Incentives not high enough - Domestic energy 

users do not have a financial incentive to 

implement EE measures. They operate the CFL 

for a very short duration 21 coupled with the lower 

tariff structure 22 in comparison with commercial 

users and hence the incentive for them to adopt 

CFL is low. 


— Power Factor: BIS plans to implement a 

mandatory standard which require Power Factor 

(PF) of 0.85 and above for CFL bulbs (at present 

the PF is 0.5). These High PF Bulbs, given the 

technology built-in, are likely to be priced 20% 

21 Unlike a commercial user where expected hours of usage can be more than 4 hours a day, a residential user averages just 3-4 hours a day. The 

hours of usage also widely vary depending on the power supply in each state and the socio-economics of the household. 

22 Refer Section E.4, the domestic electricity tariff is very low (Rs 1.2 to 5.6) as compared to a much higher commercial sector tariff (Rs 4 to 11).

higher. With this included the economics change 

considerably 

— Poor Quality of Power Supply: CFLs unlike an 

ICL are more susceptible to failure. This is because 

CFLs include electronic parts whereas ICLs just 

make use of a resistive load. Moreover, ICLs can 

work at very low voltages and emit light. CFLs 

on the other hand can emit light only with a 

voltage greater than 170 V. To address the quality 

issues, starting 2006, an Indian standard 15111 

has been applied to all CFLs sold in the Indian 

market. However, this has also increased the price 

of CFLs. 

Barrier at market level 

1. Unavailability of energy-efficient products - 

Manufacturers often do not make or market more 

energy-efficient products, especially in non-urban 

centers, as they do not expect to have a market 

for these products. In addition, product 

distributors and retailers often do not have any 

incentive to stock or aggressively display energyefficient 

products, making it difficult for willing 

customers to find the efficient products they may 

seek. 

2. Insufficient capability to manufacture energyefficient 

products - Manufacturers often do not 

have the know-how or access to higher-quality 

components to make energy-efficient products. 

This is also borne out of the fact that in the year 

2007, out of the 140 million CFLs produced in 

India, 52 million were imported 23 . 


The typical SSC-CPA aims to distribute around 700,000 

CFLs for a minimal fee. The Fee is in-between Rs 10- 

15 which is comparable to the market price of a GLS 

bulb and therefore much lower than the market costs 

for a CFL lamp Rs 90-200, depending on the quality 

and wattage of the CFL. 

To be most conservative, for the calculation it is 

assumed that the SSC-CPA may generate a revenue 

stream from CERs and hence an investment 

comparison analysis (NPV and IRR calculation) is 


applied in the following. Conservative values are taken 

for calculation. 

In addition a sensitivity analysis has been done, 

assuming ± 10 % variation in CFL costs. 

It can be seen that the CDM provides the only financial 

incentive to implement the project activity. Net present 

value without CER revenues is negative. It could be 

demonstrated that only with CER revenues of 10 / 

CER, the project becomes financially attractive. 

Taking into account the three barriers of consumer 

level, Technology, Market and Investment, the PoA 

and the SSC-CPA are proved to be additional. 

E.5.2. Key criteria and data for assessing additionality 

of a SSC-CPA: 

>> Here the PPs shall provide the key criteria for 

assessing additionality of a CPA when proposed to be 

included in the registered PoA. The criteria shall be 

based on additionality assessment undertaken in E.5.1 

above. The project participants shall justify the choice 

of criteria based on analysis in above section. 

It shall be demonstrated how these criteria would be 

applied to assess the additionality of a typical CPA at 

the time of inclusion. 

NOTE: Information provided here shall be 

incorporated into the PoA specific CDM-SSC-CPA-DD 

that shall be included in documentation submitted by 

project participants at registration of PoA. 

The key criterion for Additionality demonstration of 

a SSC-CPA under the PoA are listed in section E.5.1. 

The key data required to conduct the investment 

barrier analysis are, inter alia: 

Barrier Criteria 

Barrier at Consumer 

Level 

Ratio of market price If ration > 2 , SSC-CPA 

CFL to ICL faces barrier 


Market Barrier 



E.6. Estimation of Emission reductions of a CPA: 

E.6.1. Explanation of methodological choices, 

provided in the approved baseline and monitoring 

methodology applied, selected for a typical SSC- 

CPA: 

>> The applied AMS IIC version 10, provides 

methodological choices to be made. The SSC-CPA shall 

indicate the choices in the following manner: 

For each replaced appliance/equipment the capacity 

or output or level of service (e.g., light output, room 

temperature and comfort, the rated output capacity 

of air-conditioners etc.) is not significantly larger or 

smaller (maximum ± 10%) than the baseline. 

The distributed CFL lamps under the CPA shall meet 

the applicable Indian Standard IS: 15111 for CFLs 

including amendments on date. 

The output capacity (rated luminous flux in lumens) 

of the distributed CFL shall be within ± 10% of the 

baseline ICL lamp replaced as follows: 

Baseline ICL Rated Lumen Matching CFL 

replaced (Watt) output under SSC-CPA 

(Watt) 

40 W 440 9-10 W 

60 W 720 13-15 W 

75 W 900 16-17W 

100 W 1200 20-23W 

If the devices installed have a constant current 

(ampere) characteristics, monitoring shall consist of 

monitoring either the "power" and "operating hours" 

or the "energy use" of the devices installed using an 

appropriate method. Appropriate methods include: 

(a) Recording the "power" of the device installed 

(e.g., lamp or refrigerator) using nameplate data 

or bench tests of a sample of the units installed 

and metering a sample of the units installed for 

their operating hours using run time meters; 

OR 

(b) Metering the "energy use" of an appropriate 

sample of the devices installed. 


CFLs have constant current (ampere) characteristics, 

and hence as per AMS IIC, SSC-CPA shall indicate 

monitoring choice as either: 

Monitoring SSC-CPA Option 

(check on box) 

1. "power": p i is the rated 

Wattage of the installed 

CFL using nameplate 

data or bench tests of 

a sample of the CFLs 

installed. 

2. "operating hours" : o i is 

the CFL use by metering 

a sample of the CFLs 

installed using run-time 

meters 

OR 

3. "energy use": Metering 

the "energy use" of an 

appropriate sample of 

the CFLs installed. 

E.6.2. Equations, including fixed parametric values, 

to be used for calculation of emission reductions of 

a SSC-CPA: 

>> The emission reduction achieved by the SSC-CPA 

project activity shall be determined as the difference 

between the baseline emissions and the project 

emissions and leakage. 

ER = ((BE – PE ) * BP) – LE y y y y 

Where: 

ER y : Emission reductions in year y (tCO 2 e) 

BE y : Baseline emissions in year y (tCO 2 e) 

PE y : Project emissions in year y (tCO 2 e) 

LE y : Leakage emissions in year y (tCO 2 e) 

BP: Baseline penetration factor 

Baseline emissions 

In the context of the SSC-CPA, the baseline lamp (ICL) 

electricity consumption can be derived by its rated 

power. 

BE = E * EF (2) 

y BL,y CO2,ELEC,y 

(1)

Where: 

Parameter Source 

BE y : Baseline emissions in year y (tCO 2 e) Calculation as per equation 

2 above 

E BL,y : Energy consumption in the baseline (i.e. if baseline ICL had Calculation as per equation 

been used) in year y (kWh) 3 below 

EF CO2,ELEC,y : Grid Emission factor in year y calculated in The grid emission factor is 

accordance with the provisions in AMS I.D (tCO 2 /MWh). sourced from the publicly 

available CO2 emission 

database by Central Electricity 

Authority (CEA), India 

The energy consumption in the baseline is derived 

using the equation (3) below: 

E BL,y = Σ i (n i * p i * o i ) / (1 – l i ) (3) 

Where: 

Σ : Sum over the group of "i" ICL (e.g. 40W 

i 

incandescent bulb) replaced, for which the CFL 

is operating during the year, implemented as part 

of the project activity 

n : Number of ICLs of the group of "i" ICLs (e.g. 40W 

i 


is operating during the year 

p : Power of the devices of the group of "i" baseline 

i 

ICLs (e.g. 40W incandescent bulb). In the case of 

a retrofit activity, "power" is the weighted average 

of the ICLs replaced. In the case of new 

installations, "power" is the weighted average of 

ICLs on the market 

o : Average annual operating hours of the devices 

i 

of the group of "i" baseline ICLs 

l : Average technical grid losses (transmission and 

i 

distribution) during year y for the grid serving 

the locations where the CFLs are installed, 

expressed as a fraction. 

SSC-CPA estimation of ni, , pi and oi (both Retrofit 

and Greenfield case) 

Baseline Penetration Survey 

Baseline penetration factor (BP) is the penetration of 

the project technology in the baseline situation. In the 

context of this PoA, the SSC-CPA shall determine the 

penetration of CFL in the SSC-CPA area based on ex 

ante representative sample survey. 

The BP is calculated as follows: 

BP = 1 – (N CFL /N CFL+ICL ) (4) 

N CFL : Total number of pieces of screw-in or lock-in 

efficient lighting equipment 

N CFL+ICL : Total number of pieces of screw-in or lock-in 

lighting equipment 

Note for retrofit case: In SSC-CPAs which replace 

existing devises, the ni, and pi as defined in equation 

(3) shall be based on a representative sample of the 

replaced ICLs shall be recorded in a way to allow to 

allow for a physical verification by DOE. Under the 

PoA, 100 % records of the replacement shall be 

maintained by the SSC-CPA developer. 

SSC-CPA consideration of Grid losses 

The grid losses should not contain non-technical losses 

such as commercial losses (e.g., theft/pilferage). The 

grid losses should be estimated using recent, accurate 

and reliable data available within the Host country. It 

can be estimated either by a national utility or an 

official governmental body. Reliability of the data used 

(e.g. appropriateness, accuracy/uncertainty, especially 

exclusion of non technical grid losses) shall be 

established and documented by the project participant. 

A default value may be used for technical T&D losses, 


if no recent data is available or the data cannot be regarded accurate and reliable. Maximum value for T&D 

losses in any given year y shall not exceed 0.1 

Project emissions 

In the context of the SSC-CPA, the project lamp (CFL) electricity consumption shall be derived as follows: 

PE = E * EF y PJ,y CO2,ELEC,y 

Where: 

Parameter Source 

PE y : Project emissions in year y (tCO2e) Calculation as per equation 

5 above 

E PJ,y : Energy consumption in project activity in year y (kWh) Calculation as per equation 

(ex-post monitoring) 6 below 

EF CO2,ELEC,y : Grid Emission factor in year y calculated in The grid emission factor is 

accordance with the provisions in AMS I.D (tCO 2 /MWh). sourced from the publicly 

available CO 2 emission 

database by Central Electricity 

Authority (CEA), India 

The energy consumption in the project activity is 

derived using the equation (6) below: 

E PJ,y = Σ i (n i,CFL * p i,CFL * o i,CFL ) / (1 - l i ) (6) 

Where: 

Σ : Sum over the group of "i" devices (e.g. 40W 

i 


is operating during the year, implemented as 

part of the project activity 

n : Number of CFLs of the group of "i" CFLs (e.g. 

i,CFL 

20W CFL) in operation during the year 

p : Power of the devices of the group of "i" project 


devices (e.g. 20W CFL). In the case of both 

retrofit and new installations, "power" is the 

weighted average of the CFLs installed. 

o : Average annual operating hours of the devices 


of the group of "i" project CFLs 

l : Average technical grid losses (transmission and 

i 

distribution) during year y for the grid serving 

the locations where the CFLs are installed, 

expressed as a fraction. 

SSC-CPA estimation of n i,CFL , p i,CFL and o i,CFL (both 

Retrofit and Greenfield case) 

CFLs have constant current (ampere) characteristics, 


and hence as per AMS IIC, SSC-CPA shall indicate 

monitoring choice as either (refer PoA section E.6.1): 

Monitoring SSC-CPA Option 

(check on box) 

4. "power": p i,CFL is the 

rated Wattage of the 

installed CFL using 

nameplate data or bench 

tests of a sample of the 

CFLs installed. 

5. "operating hours" : 

o i,CFL is the CFL use by 

metering a sample of the 

CFLs installed using 

run-time meters 

OR 

6. "energy use": Metering 

the "energy use" of an 

appropriate sample of 

the CFLs installed. 

In either case above, the SSC-CPA monitoring shall 

include annual checks of a sample of non-metered 

systems to ensure that they are still operating. 

(5)

Leakage emissions 

The SSC-CPA shall consider leakage if either of the following conditions is met: 

Condition 

If the energy efficiency technology (CFL) is 

equipment transferred from another activity or if 

the existing equipment is transferred to another 

activity, leakage is to be considered. 

Leakage on account of cross effects (interactive 

effects, for example increased heating load due to 

introduction of efficient lighting technologies) shall 

be considered. 

Justification 

As justified in section E.2, SSC-CPA shall take 

leakage as negligible if they can demonstrate: 

1. Only NEW CFLs are used under the PoA 

2. Monitoring includes a check of the number of 

CFLs distributed by the project and the number 

of scrapped ICLs corresponds with each other. 

The scrapping of replaced equipment should be 

documented and independently verified. For this 

purpose scrapped equipment should be stored 

until such correspondence has been checked by 

independent agency. 

As justified in section E.2 of the PoA, leakage due 

to cross effects is not applicable in a SSC-CPA. 

Note: Replacement of installed CFLs at end-of-life with a fresh CFL is possible under the PoA methodology 

AMS IIC. However, to correctly assess leakage records of this replacement should be maintained by the SSC- 

CPA. 

E.6.3. Data and parameters that are to be reported in CDM-SSC-CPA-DD form: 

(Copy this table for each data and parameter) 

Data / Parameter: 

Data unit: 

Description: 

Source of data used: 

Value applied: 

Justification of the 

choice of data or 

description of 

measurement methods 

and procedures 

actually applied : 

QA/QC procedures 

to be applied: 

Any comment: 


Data / Parameter: oi 

Data unit: Hours 

Description: Average annual operating hours of the devices of the group of "i" baseline ICLs 

Source of data used: SSC-CPA database / DISCOM 

Value applied: To be filled by SSC-CPA 

Justification of the The SSC-CPA will conduct an ex-ante baseline survey of the o i prior to CFL 

choice of data or distribution. The data will be entered into the SSC-CPA database. 





QA/QC procedures Use of standardized data forms and compliance protocols of DISCOM/ SSCto 

be applied: CPA. 

Any comment: Data to be reported to BEE for review 

Data / Parameter: BP 

Data unit: Number 

Description: Baseline penetration factor, the penetration of CFL in the SSC-CPA area 

Source of data used: ex ante representative sample survey 


Justification of the The SSC-CPA shall conduct an ex-ante random sample survey and preserve 

choice of data or the results. 








E.7. Application of the monitoring methodology and description of the monitoring plan: 

D.7.1. Data and parameters to be monitored by each SSC-CPA: 

(Copy this table for each data and parameter) 

Data / Parameter: 

Data unit: 

Description: 

Source of data to be used: 


Value of data applied 

for the purpose of 

calculating expected 

emission reductions 

in section B.5 

Description of In this section the project participants shall provide description of equipment 

measurement methods used for measurement, if applicable, and its accuracy class. 

and procedures to 

be applied: 

QA/QC procedures 


Any comment: 

Data / Parameter: n scrap,y 


Description: Number of ICLs collected and scrapped during the year y 

Source of data used: SSC-CPA database 


Justification of the The replaced ICLs will be returned to DISCOM respectively. 

choice of data or The scrapping of ICLs is conducted by the SSC-CPA with support by DISCOM. 

description of The data will be entered into the SSC-CPA database. 




QA/QC procedures Check of the number of CFLs distributed by the project and the number of 

to be applied: scrapped ICLs correspond with each other. The scrapped equipment should 

be stored (by CPA in the space provided by DISCOM) until such correspondence 

has been checked. The scrapping of replaced equipment should be documented 

and independently verified (for example by a local body, DOE, BEE accredited 

energy auditor, certified QMS auditor etc). 


Data / Parameter: n i 


Description: Number of ICLs of the group of " i " ICLs (e.g. 40W incandescent bulb) replaced, 

for which the CFL is operating during the year 




Justification of the The DISCOM and SSC-CPA owner will monitor ni during the CFL distribution. 

choice of data or The data will be entered into the SSC-CPA database. 





QA/QC procedures Use of standardized data forms and compliance protocols of DISCOM/ SSC-CPA. 



Data / Parameter: n i,CFL 


Description: Number of CFLs of the group of "i" CFLs (e.g. 20W CFL) in operation during 

the year 



Justification of the The DISCOM (i) and SSC-CPA will monitor ni,CFL . The data will be entered 

choice of data or into the SSC-CPA database. 








Data / Parameter: o i,CFL 

Data unit: Hours 

Description: Average annual operating hours of the devices of the group of "i" project CFLs 



Justification of the The SSC-CPA will conduct an ex-post survey of the oi,CFL . The data will 

choice of data or be entered into the SSC-CPA database. 









Data / Parameter: l i 


Description: Average technical grid losses (transmission and distribution) during year y for 

the grid serving the locations where the CFLs are installed, expressed as a fraction 

Source of data used: DISCOM 


Justification of the The SSC-CPA owner will obtain the data for l i . The data will be entered into 

choice of data or the SSC-CPA database. 








Data / Parameter: p i 

Data unit: W 

Description: Power of the devices of the group of "i" baseline ICLs (e.g. 40W 

incandescent bulb). 



Justification of the The SSC-CPA owner supported by DISCOM will monitor p i during the ICL 

choice of data or distribution. The data will be entered into the SSC-CPA database. 

description of In the case of a retrofit activity, "power" is the weighted average of the ICLs 

measurement methods replaced. In the case of new installations, "power" is the weighted average of 

and procedures ICLs on the market 





Data / Parameter: p i,CFL 

Data unit: W 

Description: Power of the devices of the group of " i " project devices (e.g. 20W CFL). 




Justification of the The SSC-CPA owner supported by DISCOM (i) will monitor pi,CFL during 

choice of data or the each CFL use monitoring period. The data will be entered into the SSCdescription 

of CPA database. 

measurement methods In the case of both retrofit and new installations, "power" is the weighted 

and procedures average of the CFLs installed. 





Data / Parameter: EF CO2,ELEC,y 

Data unit: tCO 2 /kWh 

Description: CO 2 emission factor for displacement of electricity in the grid serving 

the household consumers that participate in the SSC-CPA during the 

monitoring interval y, calculated according to the latest approved version of 

AMS-I.D (tCO 2 /kWh) 

Source of data used: The latest version of CDM baseline CO 2 emission database by Central 

Electricity Authority (CEA), India 

Value applied: SSC-CPA to apply as per the grid-connectivity 

Justification of the The SSC-CPA owner shall apply the latest grid emission factor database 

choice of data or available on the CEA website. 





QA/QC procedures N/A 



E.7.2. Description of the monitoring plan for a SSC- 

CPA: 

>>The Monitoring for the SSC-CPA would be carried 

out at the following levels: 

1. Baseline Penetration Survey 

2. Continuous CFL Use Monitoring 

3. Cross-check group monitoring 

4. ICL/ fused CFL Scrapping survey 

5. Roles and Responsibilities 

6. Training and Calibration 


The description of each of the levels is provided in the 

following pages. 

1. Baseline Penetration Survey 

Random Selection of households 

For any proposed SSC-CPA area, the responsible 

DISCOM, will generate a database listing all 

residential households eligible under the SSC-CPA. 

From this set of customers a sample household pool 

will be randomly selected for the baseline survey. to 

form the Baseline Sample Group (BSG). The BSG 

would be set as per following criteria:

BSG Setting Criteria 

1. The survey should cover the SSC-CPA area, 

covering the residential sector only, 

2. Random sample group be determined using 

statistical tools as representing the households 

falling under the SSC-CPA area. 

3. Survey sample size shall be determined to have 

at-least 90% confidence level with 10 % margin 

of error 24 . 

4. Visit identified households and assess the 

following for each household: 

a. Type of electrical fittings used- Tube 

lighting, ICL, CFL, LED etc 

b. For the installed ICL and CFL light points 

in the household: Number, Wattage, Room 

type where used, estimated number of hours 

of use per 24 hours and usage days in a year 

out of 365 days. 

c. Household connected load / Average 

Monthly electricity bill 

5. The final analysis should provide: 

a. The data as in point 4 above 

b. Analysis to provide: Installed CFL 

penetration in SSC-CPA area; 

c. Number of hours of use of ICL / CFL points 

in SSC-CPA area. Clearly state the high 

usage zones (rooms) for ICL/CFL use in the 

household. 

d. Determine the number of ICLs that the 

household is willing to replace with CFLs 

against the cost of upto Rs 15 

2. CFL distribution and Continuous CFL Use 

Monitoring 

CFL distribution to the households 

The CFLs will be distributed by the SSC-CPA owner 

with support from DISCOM, in the following manner: 

Distribution of CFLs and collection of previously 

used ICLs directly at each household; and/or 

Distribution of CFLs and collection of ICL at 

dedicated distribution/ collection points upon 

presentation of an invitation to participate in the 

SSC-CPA under the SSC-CPA, which is sent to 

the household by DISCOM. 

A list of each household provided with CFLs shall be 

obtained from the DISCOM. 

The information should include the number and 

nominal power rating of each ICL replaced and 

that of the CFL installed and 

Information that allows for a clear identification 

of CFL which replaced ICL for the project. (e.g. 

BEE logo, manufacturers label, serial number, 

etc.). 

The information above is to be entered into a SSC-CPA 

database, and maintained by the SSC-CPA. Electronic 

and hardcopy of the information is to be compiled and 

submitted to the BEE at the end of the CFL distribution 

campaign in the SSC-CPA area. 

After the completion of CFL distribution in the SSC- 

CPA area, the SSC-CPA shall inform BEE in writing 

that their CFL distribution campaign is over (even if 

they may distribute some more CFLs beyond this time, 

e.g. for replacement of fused CFLs). 

The number of CFLs that are eligible for calculating 

emission reductions for the monitoring interval y 

corresponds to the number of CFLs in operation 

during the monitoring interval y. 

Project Sample Monitoring Group 

BEE, with the assistance of the SSC-CPA and the 

DISCOM, will arrange for the monitoring of a sample 

of the CFLs distributed to households 25 in the SSC- 

CPA area for the SSC-CPA project duration. These 

households would form the Project Sample 

Monitoring Group (PSMG). 

BEE will undertake this task -in the SSC-CPA area by 

selecting suitable agencies through a competitive, open 

and transparent bidding process 26 . 

24 As per UNFCCC AMS IIC requires only 1-sigma confidence level. However, for accurate monitoring the confidence level of 90 % is taken from 

AMS IIJ version 01 

25 Description of the Monitoring equipment is provided in Annex 4 

26 See section E.7.2 for details of the monitoring equipment. 


PSMG Setting Criteria 

1. The survey should cover the SSC-CPA area, 

covering the residential sector only, 

2. Random sample group be determined using 

statistical tools as representing the households 

falling under the SSC-CPA area. 

3. Survey sample size be determined to have atleast 

90% confidence level with 10 % margin of error 27 . 

4. Visit identified households and assess the 

following for each household: 

a. Is the installed CFL in operation : Yes / No 

b. If yes install the sensor for monitoring (give 

cross reference) 

The data will be collected and collated centrally by 

BEE nominated agency for the SSC-CPA. 

Establish the SSC-CPA database 

The SSC-CPA will establish a database where all 

relevant information will be entered. Such information 

includes, inter alia: 

Defined geographical area of the SSC-CPA e.g by 

means of Political maps, ground survey, GIS 

mapping etc 

For each household that receives CFLs: 

A list of each household that received CFLs 

(name, address, unique identification e.g. 

GIS co-ordinates etc, and applicable SSC- 

CPA area). 

For each corresponding light bulb: 

Information that allows for a clear identification 

of the replaced ICLs, distributed CFLs, and 

distributed CFLs that are broken (e.g. BEE logo, 

manufacturers label, serial number, etc.). 

Date of distribution of the CFLs. 

Number and nominal power ratings of the 

replaced ICLs and distributed CFLs. 

Date of return and scrap of the replaced ICLs 

Number of the scrapped ICLs. 


Date of return and safe disposal of the distributed 

CFLs that are broken. 

Number of the collected broken CFLs safely 

disposed 

In addition to above, for each household in the 

PSMG: 

A list of each household in the PSMG (name, 

address, GPS location, and applicable SSC- 

CPA area). 

Information on when the household has 

been added to the PSMG and information 

on when it has been removed (if applicable). 

For each CFL point with the functioning 

monitoring equipment: 28 

Utilization hours of the CFL. 

Date of initial installation of the 

monitoring equipment and unique ID. 

Calibration of the Monitoring 

equipment 

Information on any changes made to 

the CFL / monitoring equipment 

(exchange, repair, removed and 

installed else-where etc). 

3. Cross-check group Monitoring 

27 Taken from AMS IIJ version 01 

28 It is BEE’s responsibility to provide the data under this clause to the CFL manufacturer /Trader /Trader (j). 

Spot Check data: Spot check is conducted at the 

time of the end of the project monitoring period 

(y) or atleast annually to cross-check the working 

condition of installed CFLs distributed at the time 

of project start: 

A list of each household included in the Spot 

Check (name, address, unique identification 

e.g. GIS co-ordinates etc, and applicable SSC- 

CPA area). 

Number of the distributed CFLs in operation 

at the time when the spot check on the 

household is conducted. 

Information that allows for a clear 

identification of the distributed CFLs (e.g. 

BEE logo, manufacturers label, serial 

number, etc.).

Date of the spot check on the household. 

The periodicity of the spot checks will be every six months. With the assistance of DISCOM, SSC-CPA will 

undertake this task in the SSC-CPA area by selecting independent suitable agencies. 

How to ascertain the proportion of CFLs still in operation in the SSC-CPA area 

In Section E.6.2, equation 5, 

n is the Number of CFLs of the group of "i" CFLs (e.g. 20W CFL) in operation during the year 


The n data is available from two sources- the Project Sample Monitoring Group and the Spot Check data. 


The lower of the two values would be taken for a conservative estimate of the emission reductions. 

4. ICL / Fused CFL Scrapping Survey 

At the beginning of each monitoring interval y, SSC-CPA with support from the DISCOM, will verify whether 

the number of distributed CFLs corresponds to the number of returned and scrapped light bulbs in the SSC- 

CPA area. 

For this purpose, the scrapped ICLs and CFLs for safe disposal should be stored until such correspondence has 

been checked. The scrapping of ICLs and safe disposal of broken CFLs should be documented and the number 

and power of the replaced devices recorded to allow for representative sample survey to be physically verified 

by the DOE when the CFL distribution and installation is underway. 

Leakage if any can be estimated by appropriate discounting of ni,CFL in equation 5 of section E.6.2 

5. Roles & Responsibilities 

Monitoring of emission reductions by a SSC-CPA is conducted as per the procedures detailed in sections E.6.2 

and E.7.1. An overview of monitoring responsibility allocation amongst the various agencies is given in Table 

below. 

Table 2: Overview of monitoring responsibilities for the SSC-CPA 

Step Description Responsibility 

BEE Supporting 

agency 

of BEE** 

DISCOM SSC-CPA 

1 Determination of the SSC-CPA area √ 

2 Establishment of the SSC-CPA implementation plan √* √ √ 

3 Selection of households to be included in the PSMG √ √ 

4 CFL distribution to the households √ √ 

5 Installation of monitoring equipment √* √ √ √ 

6 Establishment of the SSC-CPA database √* √ √ 

7 Monitoring of CFL utilization hours in the PSMG √* √ √ 

8 Verification of the number of scrapped ICLs, safely 

disposed CFLs and distributed CFLs √ √ √ 

9 Spot-check of the number of CFLs in operation 

in the SSC-CPA √ √ √ 

12 Calculation of emission reductions √ √ 

* Supervisory responsibility. 

** Includes monitoring equipment supplier, GIS operator, and other supporting agencies. 


Institutional arrangement for data collection and archiving for the SSC-CPA 

The Monitoring Manager at BEE will supervise these monitoring tasks to ensure adequate monitoring and 

verification as required under the SSC-PoA. Figure below summarizes the key elements of the monitoring plan 

for a SSC-CPA, highlighting responsible entities and their tasks, communication channels among them, and 

key monitoring parameters. 

The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) to enable the 

PoA will take the responsibility of monitoring of all 

the SSC-CPA project areas which enter into a tri-partite 

agreement with BEE and the DISCOM operating in the 

SSC-CPA area. The main roles under this tri-partite 

agreement is as follows: 

SSC-CPA Owner (CFL Manufacturers, Traders, 

Investors etc) 

Providing CFLs having comparable Luminous 

intensities as per AMIIC revised at nominal price 

(ie Rs 15) comparable to those of Incandescent 


Figure 5: Institutional arrangement for data collection and archiving for the SSC-CPA 

Lamps, in exchange for functioning Incandescent 

Lamps that are currently being used in the 

households. A maximum of 2 CFLs shall be 

replaced per household. These CFLs shall carry 

a warranty of 1 Year and would be compliant 

with IS: 15111 Part 1 & Part 2. 


schemes, and arrangements for their safe disposal 

as per the Guidelines on Safe handling and 

management of mercury in the FL sector set by 

Ministry of Environment and Forest Govt of 

India.


electricity saving potential and baseline 

penetration of CFL in a selected SSC-CPA area. 

Distribution of CFLs in association with DISCOM 

within its customer area. 

Securing financing of initial investment for the 

cost differential (no subsidy form the Govt of 

India towards reducing cost of the CFL lamps). 

Free replacement of distributed CFLs which fuse 

within 1 years of installation during the life of 

the SSC-CPA. 

Preparing CDM Small-Scale Programme Activity 

Design Documents (SSC-CPA-DD) for their CDM 

Small-Scale Programme Activity (SSC-CPA) and 

submitting it to BEE. 

Getting the SSC-CPA-PDD validated by a 

Designated Operational Entity of CDM Executive 

Board. 

Getting the SSC-CPA -PDD registered with the 

UNFCCC (including payment of any fees to 

UNFCCC). 

DISCOM in SSC-CPA area 

Assist in defining geographic boundary of SSC- 

CPA 

Define a residential household 29 . 

Assist in preparation database of all grid 

connected residential households in the SSC-CPA 

project area 

Assist in selection of Baseline Survey Group 

(BSG), Project Sample Monitoring Group (PSMG), 

Spot Check group 

Safe storage of replaced ICLs for independent 

inspection. 

29 http://cyberjournalist.org.in/census/housing.html 

BEE: 

Extensive awareness and information campaign 

in association with DISCOMs. 


Activities Design Document (SSC-PoA-DD). 

Registration of the SSC-PoA with UNFCCC CDM 


Managing the monitoring of lighting appliance 

utilization hours within the PSMG households 

using the approved small scale methodology of 

the UNFCCC (EB) and analysis of the monitored 

data. 


prepare SSC-CPA-DDs. 

Inclusion of SSC-CPAs to the SSC-PoA upon 

satisfaction of the eligibility criteria stipulated in 

the SSC-PoA-DD. 

Official communication with the CDM-EB, DOE 

and Indian DNA. 

Allocation of CERs to the SSC-CPA project 

participant / DISCOMs according to their share 

in emissions reductions in a specified period. 

Decide any transaction cost on SSC-CPA for 

functioning as managing entity for SSC-CPA 

6. Training and Calibration 

The SSC-CPA shall develop a monitoring handbook 

before the start of the start of the CFL distribution. 

Such a handbook is to ensure reliable and transparent 

data collection, which includes at least the following 

three components: 

Detailed instructions on data collection 

procedures. 

2. HOUSEHOLD 

A ‘household’ is usually a group of persons who normally live together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of 

work prevent any of them from doing so. Persons in a household may be related or unrelated or a mix of both. However, if a group of unrelated 

persons live a census house but do not take their meals from the common kitchen, then they are not constituent of a common household. Each 

such person should be treated as a separate household. The important link in finding out whether it is a household or not is a common kitchen. 

There may be one member households, two member households or multi-member households. 

In a few situations, it may be difficult to apply the definition of household strictly as given above. For example, a persons living alone in a census 

house, whether cooking or not cooking meals, will have to be treated as a household. Similarly, if husband and wife or a group of related persons 

are living together in a census house but not cooking their meals will also constitute a normal household. 


Outline of the data forms that are used for the 

data collection / Survey(s). 

Protocols which are applied to ensure a sufficient 

level of quality assurance (Calibration, how to 

handle data deviations etc). 

All the staff members involved in any of the 

monitoring steps should be trained before the start of 

the relevant monitoring steps. Participations in the 

training should be documented. 

Preparation of compliance protocols for each 

monitoring step is also mandatory. With each 

compliance protocol, all the involved entities confirm: 

Knowledge of the monitoring implementation 

handbook. 

Complete application of the relevant data forms. 


Correct work according to the procedural 

instructions. 

In addition, any comments or incidents should be 

reported in these compliance documents. 

E.8 Date of completion of the application of the 

baseline study and monitoring methodology and the 

name of the responsible person(s)/entity(ies) 

>> The baseline study and monitoring methodology 

has been determined on 10/09/2008 by: 

Contact person: Mr. Saurabh Kumar 

Company name: Secretary, Bureau of Energy 

Efficiency (also a project 

participant) 

Telephone number: +91 11 2617 9699 

Fax number: +91 11 2617 8352 

E-mail: skumar@nic.in

Annex 1 

CONTACT INFORMATION ON COORDINATING/MANAGING 

ENTITY and PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROGRAMME of ACTIVITIES 

Organization: Bureau of Energy Efficiency 

Street/P.O.Box: 4th Floor, Sewa Bhavan, Sector 1 

Building: R.K. Puram 

City: New Delhi 

State/Region: 

Postfix/ZIP: 110066 

Country: 

Telephone: +91-11-2617-9699 

FAX: +91-11-2617-8352 

E-Mail: 

URL: 

Represented by: 

Title: Secretary 

Salutation: Mr. 

Last Name: Kumar 

Middle Name: 

First Name: Saurabh 

Department: 

Mobile: 

Direct FAX: 

Direct tel: 

Personal E-Mail: saurabhkumar@nic.in 



Annex 2 

INFORMATION REGARDING PUBLIC FUNDING 

As per the Marrakesh Accord: 

“Information on sources of public funding for the project activity from Parties included in Annex I which shall provide an 

affirmation that such funding does not result in a diversion of official development assistance and is separate from and is not 

counted towards the financial obligations of those Parties;” 

The PoA has the managing entity as BEE which receives ODA funding from the Government of Germany (a 

Annex I country). 

However for the PoA, the BEE has ensured that it does not use ODA funding and has obtained a special budget 

for the Bachat lamp Yojana Scheme from the Government of India. 

The budgetary support of 48 Crores has been sanctioned as detailed in the Expenditure Finance Committee 

(EFC) dated 29 th September 2007 and 8 th December 2007. 

The document shall be provided to the DOE during validation. 

Annex 3 

BASELINE INFORMATION 

The latest version of the “ BASELINE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM POWER SECTOR” developed 

by the Central Electricity Authority will be applied. 

The data is published on the CEA website: 

http://www.cea.nic.in/planning/c%20and%20e/Government%20of%20India%20website.htm

Description of monitoring equipment 

The monitoring equipment consists of : 

• Measurement and Transmitting Unit (MTU): A 

light weight unit easily mountable on lamp holder 

with a provision to mount a CFL. A MTU will 

monitor utilization hours, voltage and current of a 

lighting appliance fitted with it. The monitored data 

will be transmitted by GPRS/SMS technique. 

• Central Server: A server to record and process the 

data transmitted by MTU. 

A MTU shall be fitted with a bulb adapter on one side 

and a bulb holder on other side. The adapter shall be 

pushed in existing bulb holder and the lamp shall be 

plugged in to the bulb holder fitted on the MTU. The 

MTU does not require battery, but is incorporated Non 

Volatile Memory to prevent data loss. 

Once switched on, the MTU starts reading and 

recording voltage and current every four minutes in 

Non Volatile Memory I. Time register is updated every 

15 seconds, and also recorded in Non Volatile Memory 

I. The data in Non Volatile Memory I is transferred to 

a larger Non Volatile Memory (i) when Non Volatile 

Annex 4 

MONITORING INFORMATION 

Figure 6: Measurement and Transmitting Unit 

Memory I is full, or (ii) at every “Switch On”. Every 

24 hours of usage, the data is sent to a central server 

via Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) 

network. 

The MTU transmits the data using GPRS technique. 

In case the MTU fails to send data on GPRS after 

several attempts (may be due to network problem), 

the MTU chooses to send the data via SMS. In the rare 

case of long term failure of both GPRS and SMS 

services, the data can also be downloaded manually 

on laptop, using a special cable. MTU has a capacity 

to record data for 10 years even if a 20 W lamp is used 

and switched “On” and “Off” even 50 times a day. 

Front end software on a central server (which can be 

located anywhere in India) shall organize the data 

received from the MTUs and generate required 

information. 

The monitoring equipment is certified to Indian standards. 

It will be calibrated according to according to Indian 

standards or once in three years as per the General 

Guidance to the Small Scale Methodology and recalibrated 

at appropriate intervals according to manufacturer 

specifications, but at least once in three years. 



Figure 7: Diagram of the monitoring system

Screen shots for the Monitoring Softwares 


Summary Report for the various meters 

DATE 

PROJECT 

07-08-08 

AREA 091B001 

DATE METER NO TOTAL 

Hrs. 

07-08-08 091B001079 0.44 

07-08-08 091B001104 0.22 

07-08-08 091B001113 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001114 0.37 

07-08-08 091B001115 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001117 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001118 0.37 

07-08-08 091B001119 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001120 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001121 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001122 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001123 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001124 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001125 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001126 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001127 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001128 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001129 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001130 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001131 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001132 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001133 0.2 

07-08-08 091B001134 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001135 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001136 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001137 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001138 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001139 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001140 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001141 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001142 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001143 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001144 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001145 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001146 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001147 0.3 

07-08-08 091B001148 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001149 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001150 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001151 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001152 0.08 

07-08-08 091B001153 0.07 


07-08-08 091B001154 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001155 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001156 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001157 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001159 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001160 0.46 

07-08-08 091B001161 0.11 

07-08-08 091B001162 0.41 

07-08-08 091B001163 0.11 

07-08-08 091B001164 0.11 

07-08-08 091B001165 0.11 

07-08-08 091B001166 0.11 

07-08-08 091B001167 0.11 

07-08-08 091B001168 0.11 

07-08-08 091B001170 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001171 0.22 

07-08-08 091B001172 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001173 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001174 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001175 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001176 0.04 

07-08-08 091B001177 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001178 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001179 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001180 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001181 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001182 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001183 0.3 

07-08-08 091B001184 0.07 

07-08-08 091B001185 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001186 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001187 0.16 

07-08-08 091B001188 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001189 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001190 0.05 

07-08-08 091B001191 0.17 

07-08-08 091B001193 0.01 

07-08-08 091B001194 0.01 

07-08-08 091B001195 0.01 

07-08-08 091B001196 0.01 

07-08-08 091B001197 0.01 

07-08-08 091B001198 0.01 

07-08-08 091B001199 0.01 

07-08-08 091B001200 0.01 

GRAND TOTAL 

: 091B001 8.1

Appendix D: CDM Terminologies and Acronyms 

• Additionality 

Additionality asks whether the CDM project would 

have happened anyway or whether it needed the CDM 

to go ahead. “It is generally recognised that credits 

for GHG emissions reduction should only be granted 

for projects that are additional; that is, for projects 

which would not have taken place in the absence of 

the crediting procedure or trading scheme”. 

Additionality is a critical issue. Registering a nonadditional 

CDM project will result in no additional 

benefit to the climate and thus represents wasted 

investment. Furthermore, a non-additional project will 

generate fake carbon credits that an Annex I country 

can use to avoid making real emission reductions 

domestically, and ultimately leads to an increase in 

global emissions above what was expected due to the 

Kyoto Protocol. 

• Annex I countries 

The industrialized countries who have specific 

commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 

under the 1992 United Nations Framework 

Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the 

Kyoto Protocol. The only exceptions are Turkey and 

Belarus which are in Annex I but do not have reduction 

commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. 

• Baseline 

The baseline describes what will happen, and how 

many greenhouse gas emissions will eventuate,in the 

absence of the CDM project, ie. the business as usual 

outcome. It is the alternative, or “counter-factual” 

scenario that is used as a comparison with the 

proposed CDM project to estimate the emissions 

reductions that will be achieved, and helps to 

determine additionality. 

• Certified Emission Reduction (CER) 

The name given to a carbon credit from a CDM project. 

Credits from JI projects are called Emission Reduction 

Units (ERU). CERs are equal to one tonne of carbon 

dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). 

• Crediting period 

The crediting period is the length of time during which 

the project will generate carbon credits. Under the 

Marrakech Accords projects can choose between a 7 

year period which can be renewed twice to make a 

total of 21 years, or a one-off 10 year period. If they 

chose the former they must renew the baseline after 

every 7 year period. The crediting period is different 

from the project lifetime; a dam, for example, may have 

an estimated life of 50 years, but only be a CDM project 

and generate credits for 10 of those years. 

• Designated National Authority ( DNA) for the 

CDM 

The DNA is the focal point for CDM matters in your 

country. It is frequently a unit in a government 

ministry that is responsible for administering CDM 

implementation and overseeing approval of projects. 

A list of some DNAs is on the official UNFCCC CDM 

webpage: http://cdm.unfccc.int/DNA. 

• Designated Operational Entity 

DOEs are accredited by the Executive Board and 

perform two functions: validating CDM projects, and 

verifying and certifying emissions reductions from 

projects. The same DOE cannot perform both functions 

for one project unless it is a small-scale project. A list 

of accredited DOEs is available on the UNFCCC CDM 

webpage : http://cdm.unfccc.int/DOE. 

• Emissions Trading 

The trading of emission allowances between Parties 

who have a reduction commitment under the Kyoto 

Protocol. It is expected that various national and 

regional trading schemes will be established. 


• Executive Board 

The CDM Executive Board supervises the CDM and 

makes the final decision about project registration and 

the issuing of carbon credits. The Board also makes 

the final decision whether to approve new baseline 

and monitoring methodologies and must approve new 

DOEs. The Board was elected at the Marrakech 

Conference of Parties in 2001 and has 10 members from 

Parties to the Protocol. The Board must meet no less 

than three times a year. Members are elected for a term 

of two or three years. 

• Leakage 

Leakage refers to emissions that take place outside of 

the project boundary but are attributable to the project. 

For example, a large energy efficiency project may 

result in reduced electricity prices leading to increased 

usage and greenhouse gas emissions1. 

• Marrakech Accords 

The Marrakech Accords set out the rules for CDM 

projects, with the exception of those involving forestry 

projects, although they did determine that forestry 

projects are restricted to Afforestation and 

Reforestation projects and set a limit on their use The 

Accords are named after the meeting at which they 

were agreed – the 7th Conference of Parties to the 

Climate Convention in Marrakech, Morocco, in 2001. 

• Monitoring and Verification 

The reduction in emissions achieved by a CDM project 

must be monitored by the project operator consistent 

with the monitoring plan outlined in the Project Design 

Document (PDD). This data is then verified by a 

designated operational entity, who then certifies that 

the reductions have taken place and recommends that 

the Executive Board issues carbon credits. 

• Project Boundary 

Each CDM project has to identify a “project 

boundary”. The project boundary encompasses all of 

the increases and reductions of greenhouse gases that 

are reasonably attributable to the project so that total 

reductions can be calculated. For example, a biomass 

plant utilizing agricultural waste that displaces coal 


fired electricity can claim credit for the reduction in 

emissions that results from its operations. But it may 

also have to account for the greenhouse gas emissions 

that result from the transporting of biomass to the 

plant. 

• Project Design Document (PDD) 

The document that describes the prospective CDM 

project and how it meets the validation requirements 

spelt out in the Marrakech Accords. The PDD is the 

main document assessed by the validator and is made 

available during the 30 day public comment period. 

• Registration 

Registration is the final approval of a CDM project by 

the Executive Board, meaning the project can begin to 

generate carbon credits. Registration is expected to be 

a formality; the real decision about whether a project 

should be approved will be taken by the validator. 

• Stakeholders 

Stakeholders are defined in the Marrakech Accords 

as “the public, including individuals, groups or 

communities affected or likely to be affected, by the 

proposed clean development mechanism project 

activity”. 

• Target 

Under the Kyoto Protocol industrialized countries 

agreed to reduce their emissions. The amount they 

agreed to is their target. The targets are expressed as a 

percentage reduction of greenhouse gas emissions 

compared to 1990 emission levels, which has to be 

achieved in the period 2008-2012. So, for example, 

Japan has a target of 6%, which means that in the 

period 2008-2012 its emissions must be 6% below what 

they were in 1990. 

• Transaction costs 

Transaction costs are the costs involved in developing 

a CDM project and then monitoring and verifying the 

emission reductions or sequestration that it achieves 

during the crediting period. It includes expenses such 

as preparing a PDD, which is usually done by a 

consultant, and baseline studies.

• Validation 

Before a CDM project can be presented to the CDM 

Executive Board for registration, an independent 

certifier – the validator - checks whether it meets the 

CDM’s validation requirements, which are in the 2001 

Marrakech Accords. If the validator judges that it 

satisfies these requirements then it sends a 

recommendation to the CDM Executive Board, in the 

form of a validation report, that the project be 

registered. In reality, validation is the stage at which 

Projects are approved, with registration being a 

formality. If a validator says that a project satisfies the 

CDM requirements, it is unlikely to be rejected by the 

Executive Board 

• UNFCCC – the United Nations Framework 

Convention on Climate Change 

The UNFCCC is the Convention signed at the Earth 

Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 which included a 

non-binding commitment by industrialized countries 

to stabilize their emissions at 1990 levels by 2000. When 

this proved inadequate, a supplementary protocol was 

agreed–the Kyoto Protocol–which committed 

industrialized countries to an average 5% reduction 

in greenhouse gas emissions by 2010 compared to 1990 

levels. 


PSG = Project sample group 

PCCG = Project cross-check group 

BLY Scheme Outline 

Metering Equipmetnt 

Monitoring as per Methodology AMS-II.C 

PSG 

Project area 

PCCG 

Total area serviced by DISCOM


Ministry of Power, Govt. of India 

4th Floor, Sewa Bhawan, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-110066 

website: www.bee-india.nic.in

CDM based CFL scheme - Ministry of Power

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