Basic Tools for Process Improvement

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Basic Tools for Process Improvement Step 5 - Compute the interval width. To compute the interval width (Viewgraph 10), divide the range (590) by the number of intervals (10). When computing the interval width, you should round the data up to the next higher whole number to come up with values that are convenient to use. For example, if the range of data is 17, and you have decided to use 9 intervals, then your interval width is 1.88. You can round this up to 2. In this example, you divide 590 yards by 10 intervals, which gives an interval width of 59. This means that the length of every interval is going to be 59 yards. To facilitate later calculations, it is best to round off the value representing the width of the intervals. In this case, we will use 60, rather than 59, as the interval width. Step 6 - Determine the starting point for each interval. Use the smallest data point in your measurements as the starting point of the first interval. The starting point for the second interval is the sum of the smallest data point and the interval width. For example, if the smallest data point is -180, and the interval width is 60, the starting point for the second interval is -120. Follow this procedure (Viewgraph 11) to determine all of the starting points (-180 + 60 = -120; -120 + 60 = -60; etc.). Step 7 - Count the number of points that fall within each interval. These are the data points that are equal to or greater than the starting value and less than the ending value (also illustrated in Viewgraph 11). For example, if the first interval begins with -180 and ends with -120, all data points that are equal to or greater than -180, but still less than -120, will be counted in the first interval. Keep in mind that EACH DATA POINT can appear in only one interval. 12 HISTOGRAM
Interval Width Step 5 - Compute the interval width Range Number of Intervals HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 10 INTERVAL NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Basic Tools for Process Improvement How to Construct a Histogram = STARTING VALUE -180 -120 -060 000 060 120 180 240 300 360 = 590 10 Use Use 10 10 for for the the number of of intervals INTERVAL WIDTH 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 ENDING VALUE = 59 Round up to 60 How to Construct a Histogram Step 6 - Determine the starting point of each interval Step 7 - Count the number of points in each interval Equal to or greater than the STARTING VALUE HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 11 -120 -060 000 060 120 180 240 300 360 420 But less than the ENDING VALUE NUMBER OF COUNTS HISTOGRAM 13 3 5 13 20 22 24 20 18 6 4
Page 1 and 2: Basic Tools for Process Improvement
Page 3 and 4: 100 80 60 40 20 0 Basic Tools for P
Page 5 and 6: 4 5 F R E Q U E N C Y 100 80 60 40
Page 9 and 10: How to Construct a Histogram Step 1
Page 11: Basic Tools for Process Improvement
Page 15 and 16: S H O T C O U N T LEGEND: 25 20 15
Page 17 and 18: Interpreting Histograms Location an
Page 19 and 20: Target Interpreting Histograms Proc
Page 23 and 24: Interval Width Basic Tools for Proc
Page 25 and 26: EXERCISE 1 ANSWER KEY Step 1 - Coun
Page 27 and 28: Interval Width Basic Tools for Proc
Page 33 and 34: NO. OF PERSONNEL 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Page 35 and 36: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 1 • A bar gra
Page 37 and 38: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 3 5 1 Title 2 H
Page 39 and 40: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 5 Step 9 - Add
Page 41 and 42: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 7 410 1 - 180 1
Page 43 and 44: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 9 More than 250
Page 45 and 46: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 11 Equal to or
Page 47 and 48: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 13 Target Targe
Page 49 and 50: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 15 Target Targe
Page 51 and 52: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 17 TOTAL NUMBER
Page 53 and 54: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 19 Range of val
Page 55 and 56: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 21 Round up to
Page 57 and 58: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 23 Step 8 - Plo
Page 59 and 60: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 25 % FAT NO. OF
Page 61 and 62: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 27 More than 25
Page 63 and 64:
HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 29 Equal to or
Page 65 and 66:
HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 31 TOTAL = 105
Page 67 and 68:
HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 33 Range of val
Page 69 and 70:
HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 35 Round up to
Page 71:
HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 37 LEGEND: MCBH
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Basic Tools for Process Improvement

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