Basic Tools for Process Improvement

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Basic Tools for Process Improvement How do we interpret a Histogram? A Histogram provides a visual representation so you can see where most of the measurements are located and how spread out they are. Your Histogram might show any of the following conditions (Viewgraph 13): ! Most of the data were on target, with very little variation from it, as in Viewgraph 13A. ! Although some data were on target, many others were dispersed away from the target, as in Viewgraph 13B. ! Even when most of the data were close together, they were located off the target by a significant amount, as in Viewgraph 13C. ! The data were off target and widely dispersed, as in Viewgraph 13D. This information helps you see how well the process performed and how consistent it was. You may be thinking, "So what? How will this help me do my job better?" Well, with the results of the process clearly depicted, we can find the answer to a vital question: Did the process produce goods and services which are within specification limits? Looking at the Histogram, you can see, not only whether you were within specification limits, but also how close to the target you were (Viewgraph 14). 16 HISTOGRAM
Interpreting Histograms Location and Spread of Data A C Basic Tools for Process Improvement Target Target Target Target HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 13 Interpreting Histograms Is Process Within Specification Limits? WITHIN LIMITS OUT OF SPEC LSL Target USL LSL Target USL LSL = Lower specification limit USL = Upper specification limit HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 14 HISTOGRAM 17 B D
Page 1 and 2: Basic Tools for Process Improvement
Page 3 and 4: 100 80 60 40 20 0 Basic Tools for P
Page 5 and 6: 4 5 F R E Q U E N C Y 100 80 60 40
Page 9 and 10: How to Construct a Histogram Step 1
Page 13 and 14: Interval Width Step 5 - Compute the
Page 15: S H O T C O U N T LEGEND: 25 20 15
Page 19 and 20: Target Interpreting Histograms Proc
Page 23 and 24: Interval Width Basic Tools for Proc
Page 25 and 26: EXERCISE 1 ANSWER KEY Step 1 - Coun
Page 27 and 28: Interval Width Basic Tools for Proc
Page 33 and 34: NO. OF PERSONNEL 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Page 35 and 36: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 1 • A bar gra
Page 37 and 38: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 3 5 1 Title 2 H
Page 39 and 40: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 5 Step 9 - Add
Page 41 and 42: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 7 410 1 - 180 1
Page 43 and 44: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 9 More than 250
Page 45 and 46: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 11 Equal to or
Page 47 and 48: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 13 Target Targe
Page 49 and 50: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 15 Target Targe
Page 51 and 52: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 17 TOTAL NUMBER
Page 53 and 54: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 19 Range of val
Page 55 and 56: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 21 Round up to
Page 57 and 58: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 23 Step 8 - Plo
Page 59 and 60: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 25 % FAT NO. OF
Page 61 and 62: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 27 More than 25
Page 63 and 64: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 29 Equal to or
Page 65 and 66: HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 31 TOTAL = 105
Page 67 and 68:
HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 33 Range of val
Page 69 and 70:
HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 35 Round up to
Page 71:
HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 37 LEGEND: MCBH
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