Iran Sanctions - Foreign Press Centers

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Congressional Research Service Iran Sanctions Executive Order 13438 and 13572: Sanctioning Iranian Involvement in the Region .................................................................................................................. 29 Separate Visa Ban.............................................................................................................. 29 Blocked Iranian Property and Assets.............................................................................................29 U.N. Sanctions............................................................................................................................... 30 International Implementation and Compliance.............................................................................. 32 European Union and Other Western States.............................................................................. 32 EU Oil Embargo and Central Bank of Iran Cutoff............................................................ 33 SWIFT Cutoff....................................................................................................................33 Japan and South Korea ............................................................................................................ 33 India......................................................................................................................................... 34 China and Russia ..................................................................................................................... 35 China ................................................................................................................................. 35 Turkey...................................................................................................................................... 36 Persian Gulf and Other Middle Eastern States ........................................................................ 36 Latin America .......................................................................................................................... 36 Contrast With Previous Periods............................................................................................... 36 World Bank Loans................................................................................................................... 37 Effectiveness of Sanctions on Iran................................................................................................. 41 Effect on Nuclear Negotiations ............................................................................................... 42 Counter-Proliferation Effects...................................................................................................42 General Political Effects.......................................................................................................... 42 Economic Effects..................................................................................................................... 43 Foreign Companies Exiting the Iran Market..................................................................... 45 Foreign Firms Reportedly Remaining in the Iran Market................................................. 46 Subsidy Phase-Out Issue ................................................................................................... 46 Effect on the Development of the Energy Sector .................................................................... 46 Concerns About “Backfill”................................................................................................ 47 Effect on Gasoline Availability and Importation............................................................... 53 Additional Sanctions: Possible Legislative, Administrative, and Multilateral Action................... 55 Major Bills Pending (H.R. 1905, H.R. 2105, S. 1048, S. 2101).............................................. 55 H.R. 1905 (Iran Threat Reduction Act of 2011)................................................................ 56 H.R. 2105/S. 1048: The Iran, North Korea, and Syria Nonproliferation Reform and Modernization Act/Iran, North Korea, and Syria Sanctions Consolidation Act of 2011.....................................................................................................................57 S. 2101............................................................................................................................... 57 Other Proposals in the 112 th Congress..................................................................................... 58 Possible Additional Multilateral Sanctions.............................................................................. 58 Comprehensive Oil Embargo ............................................................................................ 59 Iran “Oil-Free Zone” ......................................................................................................... 59 Other Possibilities .............................................................................................................59 Tables Table 1. Top Energy Buyers From Iran (2011) ................................................................................ 8 Table 2. Summary of Provisions of U.N. Resolutions on Iran Nuclear Program (1737, 1747, 1803, and 1929) ................................................................................................................ 31
Congressional Research Service Iran Sanctions Table 3. Comparison Between U.S., U.N., and EU and Allied Country Sanctions ....................... 38 Table 4. Post-1999 Major Investments/Major Development Projects in Iran’s Energy Sector ............................................................................................................... 48 Table 5. Provisions and Implementation of CISADA (P.L. 111-195)............................................ 61 Table 6. Entities Sanctioned Under U.N. Resolutions and U.S. Laws and Executive Orders................................................................................................ 65 Contacts Author Contact Information........................................................................................................... 75
Page 1 and 2: Iran Sanctions Kenneth Katzman Spec
Page 3: Contents Congressional Research Ser
Page 7 and 8: Iran Sanctions ISA has attracted su
Page 9 and 10: Iran Sanctions Later in the 111 th
Page 11 and 12: 4. if the entity is a financial ins
Page 13 and 14: Non-Application to Crude Oil or Nat
Page 15 and 16: Iran Sanctions Nonetheless, energy
Page 17 and 18: Iran Sanctions signed in September
Page 19 and 20: March 29, 2011, Sanctions Determina
Page 21 and 22: Iran Sanctions The following condit
Page 23 and 24: Iran Sanctions which have also rece
Page 25 and 26: Financial Sanctions: CISADA and San
Page 27 and 28: Iran Sanctions Sanctioning Against
Page 29 and 30: February 6, 2012, Executive Order o
Page 31 and 32: Iran Sanctions The Iran-Iraq Arms N
Page 33 and 34: Iran Sanctions in part, against fir
Page 35 and 36: Iran Sanctions Major cases yet to b
Page 37 and 38: Iran Sanctions Freeze the assets of
Page 39 and 40: Iran Sanctions countries have been
Page 41 and 42: Turkey Iran Sanctions Turkey is a l
Page 43 and 44: Iran Sanctions Table 3. Comparison
Page 45 and 46: U.S. Sanctions U.N. Sanctions Sanct
Page 47 and 48: Effect on Nuclear Negotiations Iran
Page 49 and 50: insurance. Further revenue losses a
Page 51 and 52: However, press reports citing compa
Page 53 and 54: Iran Sanctions “backfilling” ar
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Date Field/Project October 2004 (ht
Page 57 and 58:
Date Field/Project GAO report cited
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Iran Sanctions $46 billion to upgra
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Iran Sanctions 2105 (“The Iran, N
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and significant shareholders if SWI
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expel some Iranian diplomats from I
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Iran Sanctions Alterations to Waive
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Iran Sanctions Sanctioning Certain
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Iran Sanctions Brig. Gen. Qasem Sol
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Shahid Bakeri Industrial Group (Ira
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Iran Sanctions Entities sanctioned
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Iran-Related Entities Sanctioned Un
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(CAVIM); 16 entities: Belarus: Bela
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