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The Importance of Nanotechnology and Nanometrology for Space ...

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MLS-2001-11-20.01<br />

X-ray wavelength λ ~ 1 nanometer.<br />

Why is nano-accuracy important?<br />

Diffraction from d = 2 mm-spaced x-ray mirrors is<br />

∆θ = λ/d = 0.5 microradian = 0.1 arcsecond.<br />

Diffraction-limited per<strong>for</strong>mance (λ/10) <strong>for</strong> 200 mm long mirror with 2 mm spacing<br />

occurs when mirror placement error is<br />

∆X = L ∆θ/10 = 10 nanometer.<br />

Nanometer accuracy achieves sub-arcsecond diffraction-limited per<strong>for</strong>mance.<br />

X ray Mirror<br />

L = 200 mm<br />

d = 2 mm<br />

X ray<br />

λ ~ 1 nm

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