development of micro-pattern gaseous detectors – gem - LMU

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4.2.1 Energy Resolution for Different Source Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.3 Cosmic Muon Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.3.1 Pulse Height Spectrum of Cosmics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.3.2 Complete Pulse Height Analysis of Cosmic Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.4 Pulse Height Dependence on Induction- and Drift - Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.4.1 Charge Transfer Processes in a GEM Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.4.2 Impact of Induction- and Drift-Field Variations on the Signal . . . . . . . . . 50 4.5 Pulse Height Dependence on Strip Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 5 Efficiency Determination 57 5.1 Efficiency Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 5.2 Measurement with Unsegmented Anode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5.3 Optimized Efficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 5.3.1 Modifications to Flow and Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 5.3.2 Optimized Efficiency and Temperature Influence on Measurements . . . . . 62 6 Rise Time Studies 65 6.1 Time Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 6.2 Rise Time Dependence on Induction - Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 6.2.1 55 Fe Measurement with Eind- Field Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 6.2.2 Cosmic Muon Measurement with Eind- Field Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 7 Gas Gain Studies 73 7.1 Gain Studies for Ar/CO2 at 93/7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 8 Implementation of Highly Segmented Strip Readout 77 8.1 Design of the Prototype 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 8.1.1 The Highly Segmented Anode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 8.1.2 The GEM Stack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 8.1.3 Detector Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 8.2 Prototype 2.0 with GASSIPLEX Based Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 8.2.1 The Readout Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 8.3 Prototype 2.0 with APV25 Based Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 8.3.1 The COMPASS APV25 Frontend Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 8.3.2 Readout Concept for APV25 Frontend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 9 Summary and Outlook 87 Bibliography 89 A Assumptions for Efficiency Simulation 95 B Construction Drawings of Prototype 1.0 97 C Design of Prototype 2.0 103 D Software 109 D.1 Programs for Communication with iseg SHQ high voltage supply . . . . . . . . . . 109 D.2 Algorithms for Signal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 II
Introduction Our universe is momentarily described by the standard model [Grif 08]. It contains three generations of leptons consisting of electron, muon, tau and their corresponding neutrinos and six quarks, namely the up and down, charm and strange as well as top and bottom. They represent the fermions, spin 1 2 - particle. Interactions are mediated via bosons: the photon responsible of the electromagnetic interaction, the W − , W + and Z bosons for the weak interaction and eight gluons as carrier of the strong force. Figure 1: The LHC near Geneva and the installed experiments [CERN 10]. About 100 m deep underground in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN 1 (cf. Fig 1) near Geneva protons collide at center-of-mass energies of up to 14 TeV to further investigate nature. A main interest is the question of the generation of mass that is supposed to result from the Higgs mechanism. To study the physics of these collisions, detectors are installed around the beam interaction points. One of them is the ATLAS 2 detector, shown in Fig. 2. It is a multi purpose detector of 44 m length and 25 m height that detects the reaction products of proton collisions designed to occur every 25 ns [ATLA 10]. The detector has a multi layer structure beginning with the inner tracking detectors (“SCT 3 ”, “Pixel Detector” and “TRT 4 ” in Fig. 2) near the collision point and in a solenoid magnetic 1 European Organization for Nuclear Research 2 A Toroidal LHC AS 3 Semi Conductor Tracker 4 Transition Radiation Tracker 1
Page 1: DEVELOPMENT OF MICRO-PATTERN GASEOU
Page 5: Dedicated to Engin Abat 29/09/1979
Page 9: Contents Introduction I 1 Interacti
Page 13 and 14: is testing tubes with alternative d
Page 15: efficiency. Monitoring of this para
Page 18 and 19: 8 Chapter 1 Interactions of Charged
Page 20 and 21: 10 Chapter 1 Interactions of Charge
Page 32 and 33: 22 Chapter 2 The GEM Principle doub
Page 34 and 35: 24 Chapter 2 The GEM Principle mobi
Page 36 and 37: 26 Chapter 2 The GEM Principle
Page 38 and 39: 28 Chapter 3 The Triple GEM Prototy
Page 50 and 51: 40 Chapter 4 Energy Resolution and
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50 Chapter 4 Energy Resolution and
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58 Chapter 5 Efficiency Determinati
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66 Chapter 6 Rise Time Studies 3000
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68 Chapter 6 Rise Time Studies 2 ns
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72 Chapter 6 Rise Time Studies
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74 Chapter 7 Gas Gain Studies eff G
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76 Chapter 7 Gas Gain Studies
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78 Chapter 8 Implementation of High
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88 Chapter 9 Summary and Outlook st
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90 BIBLIOGRAPHY [Bieb 03] O. Biebel
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92 BIBLIOGRAPHY [NIST 10] NIST. “
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94 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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96 Chapter A Assumptions for Effici
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98 Chapter B Construction Drawings
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104 Chapter C Design of Prototype 2
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Acknowledgements First of all I wou
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Selbständigkeitserklärung Ich ver
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