Integrating Human Rights in the Anti-Corruption Agenda - The ICHRP

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In this regard, following the GENESYS methodology (see Box 19), the gender sensitivity of anti-corruption operations can be evaluated by asking the following questions: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Are agencies aware that gender differences (in the division of labour, rights, responsibilities and access to resources) may underlie attitudes to corruption? Do they incorporate gender differences in their policies? Do they have distinct advocacy programmes for men and women? Do they monitor differences in the way their programmes harm or benefit men and women and the rights of men and women? Do they apply the findings of gender research in their policies and operations? Do they monitor and evaluate their policies and operations in terms of gender, in order to understand the extent to which the organisation addresses the different needs of women and men? Box 21. An Empirical Investigation of Gender Mainstreaming in Ghana For this project, ICHRP conducted an empirical analysis in Accra. It revealed that the way national anti-corruption agencies/organisations were constituted in Ghana prevented them from mainstreaming gender concerns in their operations and policies. For instance, the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) was established by an Enabling Act of Parliament (Act 466, 1993) “to prevent, investigate and prosecute any act leading to economic or financial loss to the State”. In interpreting its mandate, the organisation is guided by the 1992 Constitution. The level of gender sensitivity in their work is quite limited. The SFO, for instance, has no gender desk, does not design gender-specific advocacy messages for men and women and does not design gender-specific programmes, approaches or policies to prevent, prosecute or investigate corruption. The record of other national agencies visited – the Ghana Police Service, Commission on Human Rights and Administrative Justice, Auditor General’s Department, National News Agency and the National Commission for Civic Education – was similar. None systematically incorporated gender issues in their corruption policies or addressed gender in their operations. None routinely undertook research into the impact of their programmes or operations on men and women or monitored and evaluated their anti-corruption work in terms of gender. The Ghana Police Service had established a Women and Juvenile Unit (WAJU) in all ten regional capitals, as well as some districts, to deal with violence against women and abuse of their human rights. Though its mandate would allow work on a range of abuses, including corruption, interviewees indicated that WAJUs mainly address cases of physical abuse. Source: Alhassan-Alolo, ICHRP Working Paper, 2007. 60 Integrating Human Rights in the Anti-Corruption Agenda: Challenges, Possibilities and Opportunities
Recommendations ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ When analysing corruption, policy-makers, anti-corruption advocates, donors and researchers should use gender-specific data in order to better understand the particular impact of corruption on women and its association with other crimes against women, such as trafficking. This would help those designing and implementing anti-corruption strategies to consider the rights of women and take account of the connections between different forms of organised crime and their impact on women. Policy-makers and other organisations working on corruption should combine their anti-corruption strategies with commitments to reduce discrimination against women and to empower women to effectively exercise their rights. To this end, anti-corruption organisations should seek to co-operate with women’s organisations. Public officials and other anti-corruption organisations should create specialised accountability mechanisms, including complaint mechanisms, for women. These should guarantee and facilitate women’s access to essential services and protect women who are at risk of extortion or abuse. When designing gender-sensitive anti-corruption strategies, policymakers and other anti-corruption organisations should create participatory planning and monitoring processes focused on and involving women. Strategies and implementation processes should address asymmetries of power and enhance women’s voices. Moreover, male policy-makers in particular should assess their own prejudices and privileges to avoid reinforcing unequal gender relations when designing and implementing social policies. Integrating Human Rights in the Anti-Corruption Agenda: Challenges, Possibilities and Opportunities 61
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Integrating Human Rights in the Ant
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Contents Acknowledgements Foreword
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Acronyms ACHPR ACHR AIL ALAC CAT CC
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Acknowledgements The International
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Foreword Corruption seriously disto
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Background In 2007, the ICHRP set o
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Introduction Power, Corruption and
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(primarily government officials and
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I. Renewing Anti-Corruption Princip
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Box 2. The Principle of Non-Discrim
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of several key rights. To participa
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corruption have direct, indirect or
Page 29 and 30: Criteria for evaluating the depth o
Page 31 and 32: Power and Participation In practice
Page 33 and 34: Recommendations ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
Page 35 and 36: Box 4. Useful Guidelines on Public
Page 37 and 38: a justification when, for any reaso
Page 39 and 40: Between 1946 and 2009, more than 80
Page 41 and 42: accessible provision of information
Page 43 and 44: Box 6. Enhancing Upward Accountabil
Page 45 and 46: Recommendations ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Par
Page 47 and 48: human rights, resources and account
Page 49 and 50: Social Accountability: New Forms of
Page 51 and 52: Box 9. Collective Action for the Ri
Page 53 and 54: Each of these cases combines formal
Page 55 and 56: esponsibility to protect the rights
Page 57 and 58: to prepare and make effective use o
Page 59 and 60: freedom of association and the righ
Page 61 and 62: II. Human Rights and Specific Issue
Page 63 and 64: lead anti-corruption organisations
Page 65 and 66: Fourth, adding human rights to the
Page 67 and 68: Seen from this perspective, corrupt
Page 69 and 70: Box 16. The Right to Political Part
Page 71 and 72: that anti-corruption advocates coul
Page 73 and 74: Recommendations Measuring Corruptio
Page 75 and 76: III. The Gender Perspective Early a
Page 77 and 78: Box 19. Gender Mainstreaming Framew
Page 79: The Need for Gender Sensitivity in
Page 84 and 85: Although this chapter examines thes
Page 86 and 87: the prosecution to prove the facts
Page 88 and 89: Special investigative techniques ar
Page 91 and 92: Conclusions The report has included
Page 93 and 94: Selected Bibliography Ackerman, Bru
Page 95 and 96: Cornwall, Andrea. Beneficiary, Cons
Page 97 and 98: International Budget Partnership. O
Page 99 and 100: Svampa, Maristella and Sebastian Pe
Page 101 and 102: World Bank. Assessing aid: what wor
Page 103 and 104: About the Council The International
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Integrating Human Rights in the Anti-Corruption Agenda - The ICHRP

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