W3C CSS2 Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 - instructional media + ...

The per-descriptor matching rules from (2) above are as follows:
1. ’font-style’ is tried first. ’italic’ will be satisfied if there is either a face in the
UA’s font database labeled with the CSS keyword ’italic’ (preferred) or
’oblique’. Otherwise the values must be matched exactly or font-style will fail.
2. ’font-variant’ is tried next. ’normal’ matches a font not labeled as
’small-caps’; ’small-caps’ matches (1) a font labeled as ’small-caps’, (2) a
font in which the small caps are synthesized, or (3) a font where all lowercase
letters are replaced by uppercase letters. A small-caps font may be
synthesized by electronically scaling uppercase letters from a normal font.
3. ’font-weight’ is matched next, it will never fail. (See ’font-weight’ below.)
4. ’font-size’ must be matched within a UA-dependent margin of tolerance.
(Typically, sizes for scalable fonts are rounded to the nearest whole pixel,
while the tolerance for bitmapped fonts could be as large as 20%.) Further
computations, e.g., by ’em’ values in other properties, are based on the
’font-size’ value that is used, not the one that is specified.
15.5.1 Mapping font weight values to font names
The ’font-weight’ property values are given on a numerical scale in which the
value ’400’ (or ’normal’) corresponds to the "normal" text face for that family. The
weight name associated with that face will typically be Book, Regular, Roman,
Normal or sometimes Medium.
The association of other weights within a family to the numerical weight values
is intended only to preserve the ordering of weights within that family. User
agents must map names to values in a way that preserves visual order; a face
mapped to a value must not be lighter than faces mapped to lower values. There
is no guarantee on how a user agent will map font faces within a family to weight
values. However, the following heuristics tell how the assignment is done in
typical cases:
If the font family already uses a numerical scale with nine values (as e.g.,
OpenType does), the font weights should be mapped directly.
If there is both a face labeled Medium and one labeled Book, Regular,
Roman or Normal, then the Medium is normally assigned to the ’500’.
The font labeled "Bold" will often correspond to the weight value ’700’.
If there are fewer then 9 weights in the family, the default algorithm for filling
the "holes" is as follows. If ’500’ is unassigned, it will be assigned the same
font as ’400’. If any of the values ’600’, ’700’, ’800’, or ’900’ remains unassigned,
they are assigned to the same face as the next darker assigned
keyword, if any, or the next lighter one otherwise. If any of ’300’, ’200’, or
’100’ remains unassigned, it is assigned to the next lighter assigned
keyword, if any, or the next darker otherwise.
There is no guarantee that there will be a darker face for each of the
’font-weight’ values; for example, some fonts may have only a normal and a bold
face, others may have eight different face weights.
The following two examples show typical mappings.
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