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Example(s): For example, to draw a thick black line around an element when it has the focus, and a thick red line when it is active, the following rules can be used: :focus { outline: thick solid black } :active { outline: thick solid red } 18.5 Magnification The CSS working group considers that the magnification of a document or portions of a document should not be specified through style sheets. User agents may support such magnification in different ways (e.g., larger images, louder sounds, etc.) When magnifying a page, UAs should preserve the relationships between positioned elements. For example, a comic strip may be composed of images with overlaid text elements. When magnifying this page, a user agent should keep the text within the comic strip balloon. 276
Contents 19 Aural style sheets 19.1 Introduction to aural style sheets . . . . . . . . 277 . 19.2 Volume properties: ’volume’ . . . . . . . . . . 278 . 19.3 Speaking properties: ’speak’ . . . . . . . . . 279 . 19.4 Pause properties: ’pause-before’, ’pause-after’, and ’pause’ . . 279 . 19.5 Cue properties: ’cue-before’, ’cue-after’, and ’cue’ . . . . 281 . 19.6 Mixing properties: ’play-during’ . . . . . . . . . 282 . 19.7 Spatial properties: ’azimuth’ and ’elevation’ . . . . . . 283 . 19.8 Voice characteristic properties: ’speech-rate’, ’voice-family’, ’pitch’, ’pitch-range’, ’stress’, and ’richness’ . . . . . . . . . 285 . 19.9 Speech properties: ’speak-punctuation’ and ’speak-numeral’ . . 288 . 19.1 Introduction to aural style sheets The aural rendering of a document, already commonly used by the blind and print-impaired communities, combines speech synthesis and "auditory icons." Often such aural presentation occurs by converting the document to plain text and feeding this to a screen reader -- software or hardware that simply reads all the characters on the screen. This results in less effective presentation than would be the case if the document structure were retained. <strong>Style</strong> sheet properties for aural presentation may be used together with visual properties (mixed <strong>media</strong>) or as an aural alternative to visual presentation. Besides the obvious accessibility advantages, there are other large markets for listening to information, including in-car use, industrial and medical documentation systems (intranets), home entertainment, and to help users learning to read or who have difficulty reading. When using aural properties, the canvas consists of a three-dimensional physical space (sound surrounds) and a temporal space (one may specify sounds before, during, and after other sounds). The CSS properties also allow authors to vary the quality of synthesized speech (voice type, frequency, inflection, etc.). Example(s): H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 { voice-family: paul; stress: 20; richness: 90; cue-before: url("ping.au") } P.heidi { azimuth: center-left } P.peter { azimuth: right } P.goat { volume: x-soft } This will direct the speech synthesizer to speak headers in a voice (a kind of "audio font") called "paul", on a flat tone, but in a very rich voice. Before speaking the headers, a sound sample will be played from the given URL. Paragraphs with class "heidi" will appear to come from front left (if the sound system is capable of 277
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REC-CSS2-19980512 Cascading Style S
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Quick Table of Contents 1 About the
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4.3.4 URL + URN = URI . . . . . . .
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9.7 Relationships between ’displa
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cursive . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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B.1 New functionality . . . . . . .
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Section 2: An introduction to CSS2
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Initial This part specifies the pro
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The section on Paged Media was in l
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Contents 2 Introduction to CSS2 2.1
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CSS2 has more than 100 different pr
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Adding more rules to the style shee
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Simplicity. CSS2 is more complex th
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Document language The encoding lang
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3.2 Conformance This section define
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Contents 4 CSS2 syntax and basic da
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Macro Definition ident name nmstart
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In fact, these two methods may be c
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P[example="public class foo\ {\ pri
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A user agent conforming to a future
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0.28 mm 1.4 mm viewer 28 inch 71 cm
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Example(s): An example without quot
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Values outside the device gamut sho
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When a style sheet resides in a sep
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Contents 5 Selectors 5.1 Pattern ma
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5.2 Selector syntax A simple select
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5.6 Child selectors A child selecto
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Example(s): The following rule hide
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H1#chapter1 { text-align: center }
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Example(s): The following rule sets
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5.11.4 The language pseudo-class: :
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The following CSS2 will make a drop
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6 Assigning property values, Cascad
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BODY { font-size: 10pt } H1 { font-
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6.4.1 Cascading order To find the v
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author style sheet and may be overr
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Link to a target medium The bo
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Relationship between media groups a
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Top TM TB TP Margin (Transparent) B
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First element of list Second elemen
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Value: {1,4} | inherit Initial: not
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values, they apply to the top, righ
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’border-color’ Value: {1,4} | t
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Since the initial value of the bord
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Contents 9 Visual formatting model
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9.2 Controlling box generation The
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The P generates a block box, with s
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The properties of the run-in elemen
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Value: static | relative | absolute
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The offset is a fixed distance from
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or like this: Several emphasized wo
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IMG { float: left } BODY, P, IMG {
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image margin paragraph border parag
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Values have the following meanings
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position: fixed; width: 100%; heigh
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Document Window (0,0) (0, 400) 1 Be
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Document Window (0,0) (0, 400) 24 p
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Document Window I used two red hyph
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This text will be beneath everythi
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(U+202C) at the end of the element.
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Contents 10 Visual formatting model
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#div1 { position: absolute; left: 5
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(If the border style is ’none’,
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’max-width’ Value: Initial: App
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10.6.1 Inline, non-replaced element
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Value: Initial: Applies to: | | n
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. We recommend a computed value for
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Contents 11 Visual effects 11.1 Ove
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DIV I didn’t like the play, but t
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(0, 0) (50, 0) clip region (0, 55)
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onclick=’show("container2");hid
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12 Generated content, automatic num
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the pseudo-element will behave as i
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’block’: the pseudo-element is
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Approximate rendering ISO 10646 cod
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Value: [ ? ]+ | none | inherit Ini
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Example(s): The following style she
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first or last line box exists in a
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This is a very short document. This
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decimal Decimal numbers, beginning
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inside The marker box is the first
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OL.alpha { list-style: lower-alpha
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Contents 13 Paged media 13.1 Introd
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Sheet Page box A D Page content B C
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13.2.3 Crop marks: the ’marks’
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13.3.1 Break before/after elements:
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Value: | inherit Initial: 2 Applie
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13.4 Cascading in the page context
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Contents 14 Colors and Backgrounds
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This property sets the background i
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User agents may treat ’fixed’ a
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14.3 Gamma correction For informati
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Contents 15 Fonts 15.1 Introduction
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In the CSS2 font model, as in CSS1,
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15.2.2 Font family: the ’font-fam
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normal font. italic Specifies a fon
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1. ultra-condensed 2. extra-condens
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Specifies the aspect value. The num
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15.2.5 Shorthand font property: the
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menu The font used in menus (e.g.,
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Latin fonts Greek fonts Cyrillic fo
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page can be displayed. Progressive
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15.3.2 Descriptors for Selecting a
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15.3.3 Descriptors for Font Data Qu
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Value: [ [format( [, ]*)] | ] [,
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’stemv’ (Descriptor) Value: In
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the extras are ignored. [p. 42] Exa
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Page 231 and 232: 15.4.19 Vertical stem width This is
Page 233 and 234: The per-descriptor matching rules f
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Page 237 and 238: Contents 16 Text 16.1 Indentation:
Page 239 and 240: 16.3.1 Underlining, overlining, str
Page 241 and 242: Example(s): Consider this example:
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Page 249 and 250: ’table-footer-group’) element T
Page 251 and 252: caption’s margin caption caption
Page 253 and 254: current margins text text text prev
Page 255 and 256: cells rows row groups columns colum
Page 257 and 258: The two algorithms are described be
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Page 262 and 263: The lengths specify the distance th
Page 264 and 265: order−width padding padding borde
Page 266 and 267: An example of a table with collapse
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Page 272 and 273: help Help is available for the obje
Page 274 and 275: 18.3 User preferences for fonts As
Page 278 and 279: spatial audio), and paragraphs of c
Page 280 and 281: Value: | | inherit Initial: depen
Page 282 and 283: Example(s): The following two rules
Page 284 and 285: far-right Same as ’60deg’. With
Page 286 and 287: fast Same as 300 words per minute.
Page 288 and 289: Values have the following meanings:
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Page 292 and 293: SUB { vertical-align: sub } SUP { v
Page 294 and 295: Dynamic outlines [p. 274] . B.2 Upd
Page 296 and 297: the native font format on the Amiga
Page 298 and 299: TrueDoc TrueDoc technology was deve
Page 300 and 301: Square Cove (4) Obtuse Square Cove
Page 302 and 303: XHeight Standard/Serifed (4) High/T
Page 304 and 305: Block Add Block name Unicode range
Page 306 and 307: This table suggests where such info
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Page 310 and 311: pseudo_page : ’:’ IDENT ; font_
Page 312 and 313: {num}rad {num}grad {num}ms {num}s {
Page 314 and 315: [RFC1808] "Relative Uniform Resourc
Page 316 and 317: [RFC1630] "Universal Resource Ident
Page 318 and 319: Name ’border-top-width’ [p. 88]
Page 320 and 321: Name ’list-style-type’ [p. 168]
Page 322 and 323: Name ’speech-rate’ [p. 285] Val
Page 324 and 325: Name Values Initial value ’mathli
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’ascent’ (descriptor), 222 aspe
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close-quote, 159, 155 collapsing ma
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font family, 198 font set, 199 font
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definition of, 43 ’letter-spacing
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page model, 175 page selector, 176
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simple selector, 55 ’size’, 177
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valid style sheet, 29 value, 41 ver
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