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Chapter 6 endogenous GroEL. The exact mechanism by which this is being done is unclear, but it is possible that the over-expression of these mutants is resulting in the formation of non functional Cpn60.2 which traps the substrates required for cell survival and is unable to release them. In summary, these results have not provided enough information to come to an appropriate conclusion. Further experiments would need to be done to first try and resolve the complementation issues and then the expression issues before trying to test the oligomeric properties of these mutants. It may be worth trying to re-do the experiments with single or double mutants, as well as attempting the experiments by cloning the mutants into the pTrc vectors such that the cochaperonin is co-expressed. 243
Summary The main aim of this study was to better understand the properties of the multiple chaperonins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There are many reasons why Mycobacterial chaperonins are very interesting and unusual. One of the reasons why these chaperonins are interesting is that they occur in multiples, while most other bacteria only have a single copy (referred to as GroEL or Cpn60). In Mycobacterium tuberculosis there are 2 distinct homologues which encode the chaperonins Cpn60.1 and Cpn60.2. It was initially thought that since cpn60.1 gene was in the same operon as the cochaperonin cpn10, it would be the house-keeping chaperonin. However, it was found that this is not the case, and that Cpn60.1 is not required by Mycobacteria for its survival. Phylogenetic analysis of the Mycobacterial chaperonins has shown that the genes for the duplicated chaperonins diverged a long time ago, such that one of the groEL homologues in M. tuberculosis is more closely related to one in M. smegmatis than it is to the other one in M. tuberculosis. This suggested that the two chaperonins in M. tuberculosis have evolved to fulfil different functions within the cell. Although studies have supported the idea that Cpn60.2 is the main housekeeping chaperonin in M. tuberculosis (Hu et al., 2008), other studies suggested that it did not function as a regular chaperonin and could not function at all in E. coli (Kumar et al., 2009). In this study I have shown that Cpn60.2 both from M. tuberculosis and from M. smegmatis can complement for loss of GroEL in E. coli. Cpn60.1, however, was unable to complement in E. coli, but biofilm complementation experiments have shown that Cpn60.1 from M. tuberculosis can 244
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FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTER
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Abstract Proteins are involved in a
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Dedicated to Mum, Dad, and Sharique
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Index of contents Chapter 1: Introd
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2.4.5: Bacteriophage P1 Transductio
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4.1.5: Chimeras DHF & GEI 162 4.2:
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List of illustrations Chapter 1: In
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Fig 4.1: Schematic representation o
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List of tables Chapter 1: Introduct
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SDW STPKs TAE TEMED TBS Sterile dis
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Chapter 1 1.1 Protein Folding The g
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Chapter 1 Fig 1.1: The energy lands
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Chapter 1 To try and escape from th
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Chapter 1 Fig 1.2: Pathways regulat
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Chapter 1 As protein folding in Myc
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Chapter 1 1.4 The molecular chapero
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Chapter 1 1.4.1 Classes of molecula
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Chapter 1 Hsp40 DnaJ CbpA DjlA Ydj1
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Chapter 1 obtained. These revertant
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Chapter 1 1.4.3.1 The ribosome asso
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Chapter 1 (A) (B) Fig 1.7: Structur
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Chapter 1 complete the reaction cyc
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Chapter 1 1.4.3.4 The small Hsps On
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Chapter 1 1.4.3.5 Hsp90 family of c
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Chapter 1 Fig 1.11: Structure of Ht
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Chapter 1 1.4.3.6 Hsp100 family of
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Chapter 1 Fig 1.13: The different r
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Chapter 1 encoded by more than one
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Chapter 1 Fig 1.15: The illustratio
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Chapter 1 (Rommelaere et al., 1993,
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Chapter 1 Fig 1.16: Octameric struc
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Chapter 1 main difference between t
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Chapter 1 1.5.3.3 Prefoldin It has
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Chapter 1 result the substrate prot
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Chapter 1 Fig 1.18: The structures
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Chapter 1 6- If the released peptid
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Chapter 1 1.5.4.3 GroEL substrates
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Chapter 1 Recent work has suggested
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Chapter 1 (A) cpn10 cpn60.1 cpn60.2
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Chapter 1 1998). Cpn60.1 however ha
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Chapter 1 1.6 Aims of the project T
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Chapter 2 Materials and Methods: 2.
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Chapter 2 pET-cpn10- cpn60.1 Deriva
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Chapter 2 2.3 Primers: Below is a l
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Chapter 2 Mut EL.3 Rev groEL 1401-1
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Chapter 2 29R-EL-60.2 groEL 432-412
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Chapter 2 Biofilm base media: 13.6g
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Chapter 2 Preparation of bacterioph
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Chapter 2 then resuspended in 200µ
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Chapter 2 - 10X BSA (depending on t
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Chapter 2 - Colony/culture 1μl - S
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Chapter 2 The PCR cycling parameter
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Chapter 2 tubes were placed on ice
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Chapter 2 2.6 Protein analysis 2.6.
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Chapter 2 2.6.2- Native gel Reagent
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Chapter 2 - Diluted primary antibod
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Chapter 2 supernatant was decanted
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Chapter 2 2.6.6- Analytical ultrace
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Chapter 3 Background As discussed a
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Chapter 3 the -35 region of the trp
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Chapter 3 20 mins 40 mins 60 mins 8
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Chapter 3 (a) 60 mins 90 mins 120 m
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Chapter 3 For this experiment, MGM1
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Chapter 3 When IPTG was not include
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Chapter 3 The results from these co
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Chapter 3 3.2.1 The effect of chang
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Chapter 3 3.2.2 Using pRARE plasmid
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Chapter 3 3.3 Complementation and e
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Chapter 3 of MGM100. The use of Tab
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Chapter 3 3.3.1 Using pET plasmid i
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Chapter 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 95 kDa 72
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Chapter 3 it only digests the paren
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Chapter 3 72 kDa 1 2 3 4 5 55 kDa 1
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Chapter 3 30°C/26°C 37°C MGM100
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Chapter 3 Fig 3.12: Comparison of t
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Chapter 3 AI90/pACYC-Ptrc-GroESL-Sa
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Chapter 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1000 bp 600
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Chapter 3 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4 1
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Chapter 3 this observation. The res
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Chapter 3 expression. However, from
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Chapter 4 Construction and analysis
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Chapter 4 Background In the last ch
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Chapter 4 Experimental design To ma
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Chapter 4 Cpn60.2 7 8 9 Cpn60.1 1 2
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Chapter 4 The full list of all the
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Chapter 4 4.1 Imprecise domain swap
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Chapter 4 4.1.1 Chimera AEC This is
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Chapter 4 (a) Dilutions 10 -1 10 -2
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Chapter 4 of GroEL (fig 4.7). This
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Chapter 4 (a) Dilutions 10 -1 10 -2
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Chapter 4 4.1.5 Chimeras DHF & GEI
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Chapter 4 4.2 Precise domain swaps
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Chapter 4 intermediate domains were
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Chapter 4 1 2 800 kDa 480 kDa 146 k
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Chapter 4 Dilutions 10 -2 10 -3 10
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Chapter 4 is important to note that
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Chapter 4 Summary the complementati
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Chapter 4 The other aspect of this
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Chapter 4 caused due to lack of exp
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Chapter 4 structures were not expec
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Chapter 4 Name Construct Blue -Cpn6
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Chapter 5 Background As discussed i
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Chapter 5 macromolecules at equilib
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Chapter 5 5.1 Purification of JNL 5
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Chapter 5 (a) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Page 213 and 214: Chapter 5 5.2 AUC analysis of JNL U
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Page 219 and 220: Chapter 5 In this experiment GroEL
Page 221 and 222: Chapter 5 1 2 3 Corrected values Av
Page 223 and 224: Chapter 5 expected, evidence of lar
Page 225 and 226: Chapter 5 In summary, based on the
Page 227 and 228: Chapter 6 In this chapter I will be
Page 229 and 230: Chapter 6 of Mscpn60.1 can indirect
Page 231 and 232: Chapter 6 can produce products with
Page 233 and 234: Chapter 6 As the group in Pittsburg
Page 235 and 236: Chapter 6 Fig 6.3: Masses of 4 day
Page 237 and 238: Chapter 6 than 7 days, so there is
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Page 243 and 244: Chapter 6 To ensure that the lack o
Page 245 and 246: Chapter 6 6.2.3 Complementation ana
Page 247 and 248: Chapter 6 Discussion The double rin
Page 249 and 250: Chapter 6 Section 6.3: Testing the
Page 251 and 252: Chapter 6 Experimental design For t
Page 253 and 254: Chapter 6 EcoRV groEL (1.6kb) HindI
Page 255 and 256: Chapter 6 6.3.2 Complementation res
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Page 259 and 260: Chapter 6 10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4 1
Page 261: Chapter 6 Discussion The results th
Page 265 and 266: together, these results strongly su
Page 267 and 268: Basha, E., K. L. Friedrich & E. Vie
Page 269 and 270: Cehovin, A., A. R. Coates, Y. Hu, Y
Page 271 and 272: Diaz-Acosta, A., M. L. Sandoval, L.
Page 273 and 274: Fux, C. A., J. W. Costerton, P. S.
Page 275 and 276: Gupta, P., S. Mishra & T. K. Chaudh
Page 277 and 278: Hoffmann, A., F. Merz, A. Rutkowska
Page 279 and 280: Ito, K., Y. Akiyama, T. Yura & K. S
Page 281 and 282: Krzewska, J., G. Konopa & K. Libere
Page 283 and 284: Lin, Z., D. Madan & H. S. Rye, (200
Page 285 and 286: Mogk, A. & B. Bukau, (2004) Molecul
Page 287 and 288: Patzelt, H., G. Kramer, T. Rauch, H
Page 289 and 290: Rommelaere, H., M. Van Troys, Y. Ga
Page 291 and 292: Strickland, E., B. H. Qu, L. Millen
Page 293 and 294: Tyagi, N. K., W. A. Fenton & A. L.
Page 295: Yamamori, T. & T. Yura, (1982) Gene
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