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Technical Description August 31, 1968, Earthquake : 7.3 on the Richter magnitude scale; 10 on the Mercali intensity scale. Its focal depth was estimated at 13 kilometers. Epicenter - 3<strong>3.</strong>97 degrees north; 59.02 degrees east or about 20 kilometers east of Dasht-e-Biaz . It struck an area of 4,500 square kilometers in the eastern Iran province of Khorassan, 901 kilometers east southeast of Tehran. Directly within the energy release areas were the towns of Kakh, Gonabad, Dasht-e-Biaz, and numerous villages and hamlets dotting the Byaz foothills. September 1, 1968, Earthquake: 6.3 on the Richter magnitude scale; 9 to 10 on the Mercali intensity scale. Epicenter 34.04 degrees north and 58.22 degrees east. Its focal depth was given as 15 kilometers. Great physical damage to the town of Ferdows and the surrounding areas, 90 kilometers west of the epicenter for the August 31 temblor. Field observations by U. S. geologists and other scientists noted that the primary effect of the earthquakes was a "zone of faulting that developed across an alluvial plain trending westerly for about 20 miles." Surface fault lines were observed running.east-west from Dasht-e-Biaz. The UNESCO seismology team reported the fracture in the earth's crust as being 70 kilometers long and the focal point for the origin of the earthquake waves was measured as 10 kilometers deep, with surface fracture passing through Dasht-e-Biaz, Kakh, Moin, and Moghri. Observations along the fault zone showed that the north side moved westward relative to the south side. The maximum displacement occurred between Moin and Dasht-e-Biaz. Mr. David J. Leeds, geophysical consultant for the Los fkgeles, California firm of Dames & Moore, Middle East, in reporting on the intensity stated: "An east-west oval area, with a long axis of about 125 kilometers of 'complete' destruction of Iranian mud block houses exists. Villages in this area have every house damaged beyond use or repair. The fault is within this area, One village, Dasht-e-Biaz, just 300 yards north of the fault line, was shaken absolutely level. No structural element of a building remained identifiable--no arches or walls, just lumps of mud." John A. Reinemund, Chief, Branch of Foreign Geology, U. S. Geological Survey, Department of Interior,,made the following comments on geologic factors: "The iqortance of geologic factors can be observed in the damaged villages. The incredible destruction of Dasht-e-Biaz is related not only to its proximity to the fault along which the earthquake was generated, but also to the fact that it was built on low-lying, terraced alluvium with depth to water table generally less than 15 feet. Damages in Kakh appear greater to low-lying houses than to buildings on higher ground underlain by old alluvium and with a deeper water table. Some villages near Kakh located on bedrock received relatively little damage. Where possible, villages should be relocated away from this and other faults known or suspected to be active and should be placed on bedrock or on hi@ ground having a low water table. Geologic mapping is needed to identify these
factors and localities. " It is realistic, however, to note that geologic hazard mapping on a large scale is expensive. Also, other hazards and factors such as lack of drinking water, distance to crops, and the like, influence whether a particular allage can or should be removed to another site. New construction techniques in earthquake-resistant construction will also influence such decisions. : volcanlc rocks 0 25 50MILES I I I l ~ I I F~gure I -Index map of the Khorassan Earthquake area. Iran 6 BEST AVAILABLE COPY
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4.5 million other vlctims. The case
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has been undertaken by Ghana, Nepal
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QUICK FACTS AND COMPAlusoNs Wer of
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FISCAL YEAR 1969 ClMJLA'I'rUE DISAS
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* Inccanplete or not reported. X un
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mCRIFTION OF ?HE DISASTER Several c
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damage. The 25,000 persons reported
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"We believe that the limited funds
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MALAGASY EVENT: DATE-TIME: Cyclone
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Overflow of Ikopa River on Tananari
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for this nso gesture of wendship wh
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3,500 pounds of oats, estimated ma.
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Estimated m et value of 15,000 metr
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gatherings were prohibited until mi
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MOROCCO CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISA
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established for the fire victims by
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P. L. 480, Title 11, sorghum, value
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Large amounts of publicity and pmpa
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As this reporting period closes, th
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oth sides. This was acknowledged by
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The Resident Comnissioners were res
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Ambassador Ferguson in Biafra June
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The work of the kwashiorkor sickbay
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Since the beginning of the program
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Even though the end of the conflict
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donated by them wNch in most instan
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Ambassador Ferguson and his staff p
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Soon there were ever increasing num
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themselves to relief cargoes, but t
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Stockpile at Santa Isabel received
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with military vehicles and supplies
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Medical Assistance Starting in Sept
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In January 1968, UNICEF began emrge
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CAFUTAS, INI'ERNATIONAL RELIEF' OPE
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WORLD COUNCIL OF CHURCHES RELIEF OP
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JCA/USA C-97G at Sao Tome to the fo
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By April 1, 1969, it was possible t
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Ylssion Board of New York, CRS recm
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In Biafra, CWS channeled its materi
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International Rescue Comnlttee The
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Abbot t Universal, Lt s . Ayerst La
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This view is enshrined in the Chart
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outbreaks in the North in May that
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United Kindom The United Kingdom ha
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October 2, 1968 - Four rellef worke
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The Government reported its plan to
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UPPER VOLTA CHARAmRISTICS OF THE DI
Page 98 and 99: CHARACI'ERISTICS OF THE DISASTER EV
Page 100 and 101: CHARAmSTICS OF THE DISASTER EVENT:
Page 102 and 103: BRAZIL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISAS
Page 104 and 105: comittee and the Brazilian military
Page 106 and 107: CHARAmSTICS OF THE DISASTER EVENT:
Page 108 and 109: industrial and comercial sectors as
Page 110 and 111: Because of the serious power failur
Page 112 and 113: Complete devastation from the first
Page 114 and 115: y ash fall is already turning green
Page 116 and 117: and they arrived from USSOUIXCOM in
Page 118 and 119: ehabilitation and reconstruction of
Page 120 and 121: The August 2, 1968, edition of La R
Page 122 and 123: 1,950 IW.comal, export market value
Page 124 and 125: ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY !rHE Ue S, G
Page 126 and 127: delivered to McGuire AFB, New Jerse
Page 128 and 129: ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY THE U. So GO
Page 130 and 131: NICARAGUA ~CrERIsTIcS OF THE DISm m
Page 132 and 133: ACTION TAKEN BY 'ME GOWBMtNT OF NIC
Page 134 and 135: ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY OTHER NATIaS
Page 136 and 137: distributed by Peruvlan voluntary a
Page 138 and 139: July and/or October Floods July/Awt
Page 141 and 142: Deaths in West Bengal were reported
Page 143 and 144: The West Bengal branch of the India
Page 145 and 146: IRAN CHARAmSTICS OF THE DISASTER EV
Page 147: &st earthquakes occur along these m
Page 151 and 152: shaded farm center of appraoximatel
Page 153 and 154: including mosques, were turned into
Page 156 and 157: the ~nzlximwn length of an unsuppor
Page 158 and 159: Prime Minister Hoveyda flew to the
Page 160 and 161: Ministry of Land Reform and Rural C
Page 162 and 163: Comnts on Effectiveness of Iran's R
Page 164 and 165: The Ambassador asked GO1 representa
Page 166 and 167: U. S. Geological Survey The U. S. G
Page 168 and 169: Damage to Police Academy in Khezri
Page 170 and 171: P.L. 480 FOO~ - AID CARE - 97,000 p
Page 172 and 173: warnings should be sent with the te
Page 174 and 175: U, S, VOLUNTARY AGENCIES AND U'I'HE
Page 176 and 177: Ferdows, Kakh, Khezri, etc., were f
Page 178 and 179: Foreground - Ehglish Tent Backgroun
Page 180 and 181: Japan - Govemnt - cash Red Cross -
Page 182 and 183: International Organizations United
Page 184 and 185: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISASTER EVE
Page 186 and 187: in organizing relief activities. Me
Page 188 and 189: PAKISTAN CHARA-STICS EVENT: OF THE
Page 190 and 191: In Dinajpur town Breach of Dinaj pu
Page 192 and 193: This house in Gumnandi village betw
Page 194 and 195: organizing distribution of clothing
Page 196 and 197: Governments United Klngdm (114,300
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An ESSA Satellite Photo, April 14,
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CARE.also authorized local purchase
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several persons were injured frm sh
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mmsTICS OF THE DISASTER EYENT: Bush
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CHARAmRLSTICS OF THE DISASTER m: Fi
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American am bass ado^? Arthur Hwnan
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CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISASTER EVE
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cHAFMmST1CS OF THE DISASTER E3ENT:
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.he Ministry of Social Welfare prov
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CHARACTERISTICS OF .THE DISASTER EV
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Red Cross was able to carry out its
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CARE-Medico provided the services o
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warehouse in the Manila South Harbo
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American Ambassador G. Mennen Willi
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(3iAFiAmsmCs OF THE DISASTER Emlc:
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A formal request for assistance was
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