Basic Urology

Atallah A. Shaaban
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Basic Urology
T a
T 1
Tis
Bimanual examination: Non-muscle invasive bladder tumors (T a , T 1 ,
T is ) are not palpable.
T 2
T 3
Bimanual examination: bladder tumor invading the muscle (T 2 ) or
perivesical fat (T 3 ) are felt as a 3-dimensional mass, induration or
thickening.
T 4b
T 4a
Bimanual examination: bladder tumor invading the prostate (T 4a ) or
a mass fixed to the pelvic wall (T 4b ).
Fig. (20): Bimanual examination in patients with bladder cancer