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Atallah A. Shaaban<br />
29<br />
<strong>Basic</strong> <strong>Urology</strong><br />
3. Vascular Disorders<br />
- Hypertension may be a manifestation of renal vascular disorders or<br />
adrenal masses.<br />
- Symptoms in pheochromocytoma include (PHEO):<br />
P Palpitations<br />
H Headache<br />
E Episodic sweating<br />
O Orthostatic hypotension<br />
- Hypertension resulting from pheochromocytoma is classified into:<br />
Sustained hypertension 30%<br />
Paroxysmal hypertension 30%<br />
Combined sustained & paroxysmal hypertension 30%<br />
Normotensive patients, incidental PHEO 10%<br />
4. Congenital Disorders<br />
- Adult polycystic kidney, von Hippel-Lindau and tuberous sclerosis<br />
are autosomal dominant diseases.<br />
- Undescended testis and hypospadias have hereditary tendency.<br />
- Congenital diseases are usually associated with other anomalies<br />
e.g. tuberous sclerosis patients may present with adenoma<br />
sebaceum, epilepsy and mental retardation.<br />
5. Symptoms of Metastases<br />
- Bone: Pain, swelling, nerve compression, spontaneous fracture.<br />
- Lungs: Persistent cough, hemoptysis, blood-staining, pleural<br />
effusion.<br />
- Liver: metastases develop late symptoms.<br />
- Brain: headache, vomiting, visual disturbances, convulsions.<br />
- Adrenals.
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