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Atallah A. Shaaban 87<br />
Atrophy of the testis:<br />
Torsion.<br />
Mumps orchitis.<br />
Epididymo-orchitis.<br />
Following operations → vascular injury.<br />
Inguinal hernia<br />
Varicocele<br />
Orchidopexy.<br />
Varicocele.<br />
Klinefelter's syndrome: bilaterally small testes.<br />
Liver cirrhosis.<br />
Estrogen therapy for prostate cancer.<br />
<strong>Basic</strong> <strong>Urology</strong><br />
Absent testis:<br />
- Undescended, carefully examine the inguinal canal for a discrete<br />
swelling.<br />
- Surgical removal.<br />
- Atrophied and missed.<br />
- Congenital.<br />
Impalpable testis:<br />
- Fluid prevents palpation:<br />
Hydrocele<br />
Hematocele<br />
Lymphocele<br />
Pus<br />
Scrotal edema<br />
- Bowel prevents palpation:<br />
Incarcerated hernia.
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