Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Atallah A. Shaaban 61<br />
<strong>Basic</strong> <strong>Urology</strong><br />
Striae: stretch marks may be red, white or purple, seen in<br />
Cushing's syndrome, pregnancy, obesity and ascites.<br />
Color: areas of rashes or discoloration.<br />
Stretched or lax.<br />
Fistulae.<br />
Stoma. What type? Does it look healthy or abnormal? What is<br />
the content of appliance?<br />
c. Subcostal angle is acute in normal individuals with variations. It is<br />
obtuse when there are conditions associated with chronic increase in<br />
the intra-abdominal pressure.<br />
d. Rectus abdominus muscles:<br />
Head raising, leg raising, Valsalva's maneuvre.<br />
Divarication of recti: Separation of the 2 muscles due to stretching<br />
of the linea alba by chronic increase in the intra-abdominal<br />
pressure e.g. repeated pregnancies and ascites.<br />
e. The umbilicus:<br />
It is the site of 4 fetal structures:<br />
- 2 umbilical arteries → lateral umbilical ligaments<br />
- Umbilical vein → ligamentum teres.<br />
- Urachus is a tube extending between the bladder dome and<br />
umbilicus → median umbilical ligament.<br />
Urachal anomalies:<br />
1- Urachal sinus.<br />
2- Umbilical fistula with ammoniacal discharge and dermatitis.<br />
3- Diverticulum in the bladder dome.<br />
4- Cyst.
Change language