Basic Urology

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Atallah A. Shaaban 57 Basic Urology Wheezes: musical expiration sounds caused by narrow airways e.g. COPD and asthma. Crepitations: Air entering collapsed airways produces inspiratory crackles e.g. infection, fluid. Rub: inflamed pleural surfaces rub against each other. Important chest problems in urologic practice are shown in table (6). Table (6): Important chest problems in urologic practice Pneumothorax Pleural effusion Collapse Etiology Air in pleura Fluid in pleura Bronchial obstruction → collapse of lung segment Mediastinal Away Away Towards the lesion shift Percussion Hyper-resonance Stony dullness Dullness Breath sounds Absent Absent Diminished
Atallah A. Shaaban 58 Basic Urology Abdominal Examination - General principles to have adequate relaxation and maximize patient comfort. Good light, warm room. Full exposure from nipples to knees. Supine position, head supported by a pillow and knees are slightly flexed with feet on table. Arms across chest or on sides. Watch the patient face for signs of pain. Explain what you are about to do and ask permission. Look, listen then feel and percuss. The painful area should be examined last. Stand on the right side of the patient. - Abdomen is divided into 4 quadrants based on two perpendicular planes drawn through the umbilicus: right upper, right lower, left upper and left lower (Fig 6). The umbilical area is considered as the central fifth region. - The abdomen is divided into classic 9 regions by 2 horizontal and 2 sagittal planes (Fig. 7). The upper horizontal one is between the lower borders of the ribs, at the level of the first lumbar vertebra, midway between the suprasternal notch and symphysis pubis (transpyloric). The lower passes through the upper borders of iliac crests. The sagittal planes go vertically from the mid-clavicular to the midinguinal points.
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Basic Urology History Taking and Ph
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Atallah A. Shaaban 1 History Taking
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Basic Urology

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