IR: 3417, 1358, 1175, 1045, 922 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR: δ 0.84 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.07-1.24 (m, 11H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.65 (broad s, 2H), 3.56-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.89 (m, 1H), 4.57 (dd, J = 8.0 and 2.2 Hz, 1H), 4.97-5.10 (m, 2H), 5.28-5.72 (m, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H); 13 C NMR: δ 14.0, 21.6, 22.6, 27.0, 29.0, 31.4, 31.6, 45.0, 62.1, 70.7, 84.2, 118.5, 127.8, 129.8, 133.7, 136.4, 145.1. (2R,4R)-4-vinyl-decan-1,2-diol 107 : To a suspension of LiAlH 4 (0.35 g, 9.31 mmol) in dry THF (50 mL) was added a solution of 106 (1.5 g, 4.05 mmol) in dry THF (50 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 3 h and gradually brought to 0 °C. The excess hydride was decomposed with aqueous saturated Na 2 SO 4 solution, and the mixture extracted with Et 2 O (50 mL). The combined ethereal extracts were dried, concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (silica gel, 24 0-20% EtOAc/hexane) to give pure 107. Yield: 0.51 g (63%); colourless oil; [α] D +1.5 (c 0.4, CHCl3); IR: 3375 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR: δ 0.86 (broad t, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.24-1.45 (m, 11H), 2.12-2.35 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.73 (m, 2H), 4.98-5.10 (m, 2H), 5.40- 5.53 (m, 1H); 13 C NMR: δ 14.0, 22.6, 27.0, 29.3, 31.8, 35.6, 38.1, 40.5, 67.2, 70.1, 115.3, 142.5. Anal. Calcd. for C 12 H 24 O 2 : C, 71.95 H, 12.08%. Found, C, 72.12; H, 12.14%. R-4-vinyl-decane 109 : To a cooled (0 o C) and stirred solution of 107 (0.4 g, 2.0 mmol) in Et 3 N (10 mL) was added mesyl chloride (0.57 g, 5.0 mmol) and the solution was stirred for 3 h. After completion of reaction (cf. TLC), water and EtOAc were added to the mixture, the organic layer separated and the aqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, and dried. Removal of solvent in vacuo afforded 108, which was used as such for the next step. 185
As described earlier, compound 108 was reduced with LiAlH 4 (0.21 g, 5.4 mmol) in dry THF (20 mL). Usual work-up followed by flash chromatography (silica gel, 0-20% 24 EtOAc/hexane) gave pure 109. Yield: 0.21 g (65%); colourless oil; [α] D - 4.3 (c 0.8, CHCl3); IR: 2957, 909 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR: δ 0.88 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H), 1.17-1.38 (m, 14H), 1.98-2.06 (m, 1H), 4.89-5.02 (m, 2H), 5.71-5.91 (m, 1H); 13 C NMR: δ 14.0, 22.3, 22.6, 28.9, 29.1, 29.3, 29.5, 31.9, 33.8, 34.1, 114.0, 139.1. Anal. Calcd. for C 12 H 24 : C, 85.63 H, 14.37%. Found, C, 85.78; H, 14.29%. (R)-2-propyloctanoic acid V : Ozone was bubbled through a cooled (-78 o C) solution of 109 (0.15 g, 0.89 mmol) and methanolic NaOH (1.0 mL, 2.5 M) in CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL) for 20 min. After stirring for 3 h, the mixture was diluted with CHCl 3 and water, and brought to room temperature. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with CHCl 3 . The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, and dried. Removal of solvent in vacuo afforded crude ester residue. To a solution of the ester in MeOH (10 mL) was added a methanolic NaOH (5.0 mL, 2.0 M) and the solution stirred till the ester was completely consumed (cf. TLC). Fter concentration under vacuum, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with Et 2 O (30 mL). The aqueous phase containing the sodium salt of the acid was separated, cooled (0 o C) and acidified to pH 2 with aqueous HCl. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (30 mL). The extract was dried and the solvent was removed to afford the pure acid V. Yield: 24 0.12 g (71% in two steps); white solid; [α] D -5.7 (c 0.7, CH2 Cl 2 ); IR: 2986 (broad), 1714 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR: δ 0.89 (broad t, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.10-1.69 (m, 14H), 2.32-2.43 (m, 1H), 11.3 (broad s, 1H); Anal. Calcd. for C 11 H 22 O 2 : C, 70.92 H, 11.90%. Found, C, 70.79; H, 11.81%. 186
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ASYMMETRIC STRATEGIES FOR THE SYNTH
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I wa
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CONTENTS SYNOPSIS LIST OF FIGURES L
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SYNOPSIS
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models (e. g. Cram’s model, Felki
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4 1d 4-(CH 3 ) 2 CH-C 6 H 4 1 : 1.5
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14. 1n C 6 H 5 CO C 6 H 5 2n 8 77 1
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imetallic systems. In all the cases
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For the benzylation reaction, the c
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O O 3 CHO i O O + OH 13a O O OH O O
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10 3.5 Ga (2.5) THF KI+LiCl 10 55 5
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multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer ce
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directly afforded the furanose, whi
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References 1. Stephenson, G. R. Adv
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LIST OF FIGURES
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II.3.13 III.1.1 III.1.2 III.1.3 III
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IV.5.2 IV.5.3 IV.5.4 IV.5.5 1 H NMR
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Table Title Page No. II.3.1 II.3.2
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II. .11 PPREAMBLE Demand for specia
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II. .22 IINTRODUCTIION TO CHIIRALII
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The most dramatic example in this a
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H H 2 N OH COOH i PhH 2 CO O H N H
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Methods of Asymmetric Synthesis: 15
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O O O O i, ii iii iv HO HO N N OH O
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Models for Asymmetric Synthesis. 21
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If a strongly electronegative group
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enantiomeric products are formed at
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vi) The balance between chiral auxi
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IIII. .11 IINTRODUCTIION TO CHIIRAL
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Scheme II.1.2 However, availability
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Prof. R. Noyori received the Nobel
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Apart from the cinchona alkaloids,
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ligand, it assumes a tetrahedral co
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Marshall. 53 More recently, Barbero
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Various protocols have been develop
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In the absence of a sterically-bulk
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IIII. .33. . PPRESSENT WORK It is w
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[pyridinium][Sn 2 Cl 5 ] etc. can b
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RCHO 59a-j i R OH 60a-j (i) Allyl b
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Fig. II.3.2. 1 H NMR spectrum of 60
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in [bmim][BF 4 ] using sub-stoichio
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The reaction in THF was also follow
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The integration of the signal at δ
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The standard reduction potential of
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It has also been reported, 83a,b th
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IIII. .33. .33 Gaal lliuum meeddi i
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5 3.0 5.0 THF LiCl+KI c 14 d 71 6 1
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3 59d 4-(CH 3 ) 2 CH-C 6 H 4 H 60d
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Fig. II.3.8. 13 C NMR spectrum of 6
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Fig. II.3.10. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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fragmentation peak at m/z 138 (19%)
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Fig. II.3.13. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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active catalyst, as suggested for t
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1-(4-Bromophenyl)-but-3-en-1-ol 59b
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1H), 7.90-7.93 (m, 1H); 13 C NMR:
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662, 980, 1079, 1332, 1374 cm -1 .
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IIIIII. .11 DIIASSTEREOSSELECTIIVE
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cyclohexylideneglyceraldehyde (1) 3
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mixture of Zn dust, allyl or γ-sub
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Fig. III.1.2. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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Reaction with crotyl bromide: In ca
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Fig. III.1.5. 1 H NMR spectrum of 6
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The formation of the 2,3-anti addit
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To establish the C-4 configuration
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Allylation with (E) and (Z)-1-bromo
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(i) Zn, aqueous satd. NH 4 Cl, THF,
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Fig. III.1.12. 1 H NMR spectrum of
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Allylation with 1-Bromo-4-(tert)-bu
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fast and gave a significantly bette
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espectively) due to the cyclohexyli
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Fig. III.1.19. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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was treated with excess amount of b
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Fig. III.1.20. 1 H NMR spectrum of
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Fig. III.1.22. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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stereochemistry of allylation of β
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of the products were modest (48-62%
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6 1.2 In (2.0) H 2 O LiCl+ KI 14 72
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are consistent with our previous re
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III.3 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION: General
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(2R,3R)-1,2-Cyclohexylidenedioxy-5-
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for an additional 2 h, gradually br
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(m, 2H), 5.82-5.98 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.
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31.6, 32.2, 63.4, 128.8, 133.0. Ana
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23 (2R,3S,4R)-1,2-Cyclohexylidenedi
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(2R,3S,4S)-1,2-Cyclohexylidenedioxy
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(m, 1H), 3.50-4.02 (m, 5H), 4.10-4.
- Page 177 and 178: and dried. Removal of solvent in va
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- Page 183 and 184: Scheme IV.1.1 The same group also d
- Page 185 and 186: IV.1.3: Present work Although sever
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- Page 189 and 190: Fig. IV.1.4. 1 H NMR spectrum of 10
- Page 191 and 192: the unit-C contribute positively to
- Page 193 and 194: tartrate, Ti(O-i-Pr) 4 , CH 2 Cl 2
- Page 195 and 196: Based on this hypothesis, the alcoh
- Page 197 and 198: OR 3 O R 1 R 2 NaBH 4 H H R 1 R 1 +
- Page 199 and 200: (OH). Oxidative cleavage of its α-
- Page 201 and 202: Fig. IV.2.2. 1 H NMR spectrum of 13
- Page 203 and 204: Fig. IV.2.6. 1 H NMR spectrum of 14
- Page 205 and 206: IIV. .33: : SSYNTHESSIISS OFF 33' '
- Page 207 and 208: For the actual synthesis, (Scheme I
- Page 209 and 210: Fig. IV.3.1. 1 H NMR spectrum of 14
- Page 211 and 212: IV.4: SSYNTHESSIISS OFF 22( (SS) )-
- Page 213 and 214: (i) PhCHO, triethyl orthoformate, M
- Page 215 and 216: O N 3 II Ph HO OH b1 N 3 Ph O O Ben
- Page 217 and 218: Fig. IV.4.2. 1 H NMR spectrum of 91
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- Page 223 and 224: from the appearance of 13 C NMR pea
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- Page 233 and 234: 74.2, 74.4, 110.1, 116.7, 127.6, 12
- Page 235 and 236: mmol) in MeOH (10 mL), work up, fol
- Page 237 and 238: 7.51 (m, 3H), 7.92-8.08 (m, 2H); 13
- Page 239 and 240: subsequent isolation afforded rotam
- Page 241 and 242: 4.18 (t, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.75-4.84
- Page 243 and 244: -4.21 (c 1.2, CHCl 3 ); IR: 3466, 1
- Page 245 and 246: (3R)- 3,4-O-Cyclohexylidene-2-oxo-1
- Page 247 and 248: Water and EtOAc was added to the mi
- Page 249 and 250: 24 179. Yield: 1.49 g (77.5%); colo
- Page 251 and 252: 24 furnished pure 183. Yield: 0.37
- Page 253 and 254: 1. Wender, P. A. Chem. Rev. 1996, 9
- Page 255 and 256: 17. Hanessian, S.; Maji, D. K.; Gov
- Page 257 and 258: 32. For some selective references s
- Page 259 and 260: 43. (a) Cleare, M. J.; Hydes, P. C.
- Page 261 and 262: 54. Barbero, A.; Pulido, F. J.; Rin
- Page 263 and 264: 2008, 1681. (d) Fargeas, V.; Zammat
- Page 265 and 266: 72. Karodia, N.; Guise, S.; Newland
- Page 267 and 268: Kaminski, J.; Millhauser, G.; Ortiz
- Page 269 and 270: Böhm, V. P. W.; Reisinger, C. J. O
- Page 271 and 272: 119. Wender, P. A.; Holt, D. A.; Si
- Page 273 and 274: 140. (a) Chemler, S. R.; Roush, W.
- Page 275 and 276: Lett. 1996, 107, 53. (c) Smith, C.
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L.; Zugay, J. A. J. Med. Chem. 1993
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1. Goswami, D.; Chattopadhyay, A.;