36.7, 41.9, 64.4, 72.2, 73.6, 77.8, 118.0, 127.5, 127.6, 128.3, 129.7, 133.1, 135.8, 136.0, 167.0. Anal. Calcd. for C 32 H 40 O 5 Si : C, 72.14; H, 7.57%. Found: C, 72.05; H, 7.36%. (1R,2R,3S,4S)-1-Phenyl-2-(tert)-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-3-methyl-4-benzyloxyheptan-1- ol 142. To a stirred solution of 140 (0.100 g, 0.188 mmol) in 60% aqueous CH 3 CN (20 mL) was added NaIO 4 (0.080 g, 0.376 mmol) in portions. After stirring for 2 h, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate extracted with CHCl 3 . The organic layer was washed with water and brine, and concentrated in vacuo to get the aldehyde 141. Yield: 0.088 g (93%); colourless oil; [α] 23 D + 9.2 (c 1.22, CHCl 3 ); IR: 2710, 1730, 1712 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR: δ 1.10 (overlapping s and d, J = 6.8 Hz, 12H), 1.95-2.03 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.29 (m, 2H), 4.21 (dd, J = 1.8, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.87-5.02 (m, 2H), 5.23-5.29 (m, 1H), 5.62-5.83 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.47 (m, 9H), 7.49-7.60 (m, 4H), 7.78-7.82 (m, 2H), 9.35 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H); 13 C NMR: δ 11.6, 19.5, 27.4, 36.7, 42.1, 74.5, 81.1, 116.9, 127.2, 127.5, 128.1, 129.2, 132.9, 136.0, 136.2, 140.8, 169.2, 203.4. Anal. Calcd. for C 31 H 36 O 4 Si: C, 74.36; H, 7.25%. Found: C, 74.24; H, 7.15%. To a cooled (-30 °C) and stirred solution of PhMgBr [prepared from 1- bromobenzene (0.056 g, 0.353 mmol) and Mg-turnings (0.011 g, 0.441 mmol)] in THF (10 mL) was injected 141 (0.075 g, 0.150 mmol) in THF (10 mL). After stirring for 3 h, the reaction was quenched with aqueous saturated NH 4 Cl (2 mL), the organic layer was separated and the aqueous portion extracted with Et 2 O (30 mL). The organic extract was washed with water, brine, and dried. Solvent removal in vacuo and column chromatography of the residue (silica gel, 0-15% EtOAc/hexane) afforded pure alcohol 22 142. Yield: 0.091 g (84%); white solid; [α] D -5.2 (c 1.21, CHCl3 ); IR: 3478, 1721 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR: δ 1.05 (s, 9H), 1.12 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H), 1.86-2.12 (m, 3H), 2.20-2.49 (m, 1H), 197
4.18 (t, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.75-4.84 (m, 2H), 4.88-4.97 (m, 2H), 5.37-5.54 (m, 1H), 7.03- 7.17 (m, 7H), 7.25-7.43 (m, 9H), 7.55-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.74-7.78 (m, 2H); 13 C NMR: δ 10.6, 19.5, 27.1, 36.0, 38.9, 65.2, 74.2, 74.9, 117.3, 127.1, 128.3, 128.4, 128.6, 128.7, 129.7, 130.1, 132.9, 137.6, 139.9, 166.3. Anal. Calcd. for C 37 H 42 O 4 Si : C, 76.78; H, 7.31%. Found: C, 75.98; H, 7.42%. (4S,5S,6R,7R)-4-Benzoyloxy-5-methyl-6,7-isopropylidenedioxy-7-phenylhept-1-ene 143. As described earlier, treatment of 142 (0.150 g, 0.26 mmol) with Bu 4 NF (0.30 mL, 0.30 mmol, 1 M in THF) in THF (10 mL), work up of the reaction mixture, followed by preparative thin layer chromatography (silica gel, 5% MeOH/CHCl 3 ) of the residue furnished the pure desilylated product (0.071 g, 81%). This (0.21 mmol) on stirring with PPTS (cat.) in dimethoxypropane (1 mL) for 1 h, followed by isolation and preparative thin layer chromatography (silica gel; 10% EtOAc/hexane) afforded 143. Yield: 0.067 g (84%); colourless oil; [α] 22 D + 11.2 (c 1.05, CHCl 3 ); IR: 2923, 1718 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR: δ 1.02 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 1.82-1.89 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.26 (m, 2H), 4.15 (dd, J = 8.2, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.72-4.85 (m, 2H), 4.89-4.96 (m, 2H), 5.28-5.52 (m, 1H), 7.28- 7.48 (m, 8H), 7.95-8.10 (m, 2H); 13 C NMR: δ 10.2, 26.8, 27.0, 35.8, 40.1, 72.8, 79.5, 83.2, 108.6, 116.8, 127.2, 127.8, 128.5, 128.9, 133.0, 136.5, 168.1. Anal. Calcd. for C 24 H 28 O 4 : C, 75.76; H, 7.42%. Found: C, 75.54; H, 7.35%. (4S,5S,6R,7R)-6,7-Isopropylidenedioxy-5-methyl-7-phenylhept-1-en-4-ol 144. Hydrolysis of 143 (0.060 g, 0.16 mmol) with K 2 CO 3 (0.048 g, 0.35 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL), usual work up and column chromatography (silica gel, 0-20% EtOAc/hexane) furnished pure 144. Yield: 0.031 g (72%); colourless oil; [α] 22 D -3.36 (c 1.12, CHCl 3 ) (lit., 15b [α] 24 D -3.34 (2.21 in CHCl 3 )); IR: 3485, 2923 cm -1 ; 1 H NMR: δ 1.05 (d, J = 7.2 198
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ASYMMETRIC STRATEGIES FOR THE SYNTH
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I wa
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CONTENTS SYNOPSIS LIST OF FIGURES L
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SYNOPSIS
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models (e. g. Cram’s model, Felki
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4 1d 4-(CH 3 ) 2 CH-C 6 H 4 1 : 1.5
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14. 1n C 6 H 5 CO C 6 H 5 2n 8 77 1
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imetallic systems. In all the cases
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For the benzylation reaction, the c
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O O 3 CHO i O O + OH 13a O O OH O O
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10 3.5 Ga (2.5) THF KI+LiCl 10 55 5
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multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer ce
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directly afforded the furanose, whi
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References 1. Stephenson, G. R. Adv
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LIST OF FIGURES
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II.3.13 III.1.1 III.1.2 III.1.3 III
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IV.5.2 IV.5.3 IV.5.4 IV.5.5 1 H NMR
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Table Title Page No. II.3.1 II.3.2
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II. .11 PPREAMBLE Demand for specia
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II. .22 IINTRODUCTIION TO CHIIRALII
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The most dramatic example in this a
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H H 2 N OH COOH i PhH 2 CO O H N H
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Methods of Asymmetric Synthesis: 15
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O O O O i, ii iii iv HO HO N N OH O
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Models for Asymmetric Synthesis. 21
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If a strongly electronegative group
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enantiomeric products are formed at
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vi) The balance between chiral auxi
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IIII. .11 IINTRODUCTIION TO CHIIRAL
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Scheme II.1.2 However, availability
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Prof. R. Noyori received the Nobel
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Apart from the cinchona alkaloids,
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ligand, it assumes a tetrahedral co
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Marshall. 53 More recently, Barbero
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Various protocols have been develop
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In the absence of a sterically-bulk
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IIII. .33. . PPRESSENT WORK It is w
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[pyridinium][Sn 2 Cl 5 ] etc. can b
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RCHO 59a-j i R OH 60a-j (i) Allyl b
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Fig. II.3.2. 1 H NMR spectrum of 60
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in [bmim][BF 4 ] using sub-stoichio
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The reaction in THF was also follow
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The integration of the signal at δ
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The standard reduction potential of
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It has also been reported, 83a,b th
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IIII. .33. .33 Gaal lliuum meeddi i
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5 3.0 5.0 THF LiCl+KI c 14 d 71 6 1
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3 59d 4-(CH 3 ) 2 CH-C 6 H 4 H 60d
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Fig. II.3.8. 13 C NMR spectrum of 6
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Fig. II.3.10. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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fragmentation peak at m/z 138 (19%)
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Fig. II.3.13. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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active catalyst, as suggested for t
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1-(4-Bromophenyl)-but-3-en-1-ol 59b
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1H), 7.90-7.93 (m, 1H); 13 C NMR:
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662, 980, 1079, 1332, 1374 cm -1 .
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IIIIII. .11 DIIASSTEREOSSELECTIIVE
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cyclohexylideneglyceraldehyde (1) 3
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mixture of Zn dust, allyl or γ-sub
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Fig. III.1.2. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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Reaction with crotyl bromide: In ca
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Fig. III.1.5. 1 H NMR spectrum of 6
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The formation of the 2,3-anti addit
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To establish the C-4 configuration
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Allylation with (E) and (Z)-1-bromo
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(i) Zn, aqueous satd. NH 4 Cl, THF,
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Fig. III.1.12. 1 H NMR spectrum of
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Allylation with 1-Bromo-4-(tert)-bu
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fast and gave a significantly bette
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espectively) due to the cyclohexyli
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Fig. III.1.19. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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was treated with excess amount of b
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Fig. III.1.20. 1 H NMR spectrum of
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Fig. III.1.22. 13 C NMR spectrum of
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stereochemistry of allylation of β
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of the products were modest (48-62%
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6 1.2 In (2.0) H 2 O LiCl+ KI 14 72
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are consistent with our previous re
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III.3 EXPERIMENTAL SECTION: General
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(2R,3R)-1,2-Cyclohexylidenedioxy-5-
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for an additional 2 h, gradually br
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(m, 2H), 5.82-5.98 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.
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31.6, 32.2, 63.4, 128.8, 133.0. Ana
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23 (2R,3S,4R)-1,2-Cyclohexylidenedi
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(2R,3S,4S)-1,2-Cyclohexylidenedioxy
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(m, 1H), 3.50-4.02 (m, 5H), 4.10-4.
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and dried. Removal of solvent in va
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ine, and dried. Solvent removal und
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IIV. .11 SSYNTHESSIISS OFF ENANTIIO
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Scheme IV.1.1 The same group also d
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IV.1.3: Present work Although sever
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O O C 6 H 13 i O C 6 H 13 ii OH C 6
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- Page 199 and 200: (OH). Oxidative cleavage of its α-
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- Page 207 and 208: For the actual synthesis, (Scheme I
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- Page 229 and 230: As described earlier, compound 108
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- Page 235 and 236: mmol) in MeOH (10 mL), work up, fol
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- Page 239: subsequent isolation afforded rotam
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- Page 249 and 250: 24 179. Yield: 1.49 g (77.5%); colo
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- Page 253 and 254: 1. Wender, P. A. Chem. Rev. 1996, 9
- Page 255 and 256: 17. Hanessian, S.; Maji, D. K.; Gov
- Page 257 and 258: 32. For some selective references s
- Page 259 and 260: 43. (a) Cleare, M. J.; Hydes, P. C.
- Page 261 and 262: 54. Barbero, A.; Pulido, F. J.; Rin
- Page 263 and 264: 2008, 1681. (d) Fargeas, V.; Zammat
- Page 265 and 266: 72. Karodia, N.; Guise, S.; Newland
- Page 267 and 268: Kaminski, J.; Millhauser, G.; Ortiz
- Page 269 and 270: Böhm, V. P. W.; Reisinger, C. J. O
- Page 271 and 272: 119. Wender, P. A.; Holt, D. A.; Si
- Page 273 and 274: 140. (a) Chemler, S. R.; Roush, W.
- Page 275 and 276: Lett. 1996, 107, 53. (c) Smith, C.
- Page 277 and 278: 158. Mitsuya, H.; Weinhold, K. J.;
- Page 279 and 280: L.; Zugay, J. A. J. Med. Chem. 1993
- Page 281 and 282: 1. Goswami, D.; Chattopadhyay, A.;