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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013 388
ISSN 2250-3153
Clinical Investigation of Secondary Fungal Infection in
Diabetic Patient at Betul (M. P.)
Ruchita Tripathi * , I. P. Tripathi ** , Sanchita Singh ***
*
Department of Biotechnology, MGCGV, Chitrkoot, Dis- Satna (M. P.)
** Department of Chemistry, MGCGV, Chitrkoot, Dis- Satna (M. P.)
Abstract- The present paper deals with the mycological
investigation of fungal infection in diabetic patients special
reference to opportunistic fungal infection. The clinical
symptoms, age, sex, occupation, diagnosed disease, sugar level,
past history, etc. were recorded in case history of the patients.
During the survey period (March 2011 – February 2012) a total
of 14 cases (73.68%) out of 19 (100%) were clinically diagnosed
as secondary fungal infections. Out of these 05 were male and 09
were female. Different fungi isolated from investigation like
Scopulariopsis, Candida, Alternaria, Aspergillus, type were
recorded. Frequency of infection was higher in females (47.37%)
than in males (26.31%). Out of 14 isolates recorded, 52.63% of
Candida infection and 10.52% of Scopulariopsis, 5.26% of
Alternaria and Aspergillus were 5.26%. While 5 cases sample
(26.31%) were recorded as negative for infection.
Index Terms- Diabetes, Opportunistic fungal infection,
Secondary fungal infection.
M
I. INTRODUCTION
ycosis is a condition in which fungi pass the resistance
barriers of the human or animal body and establish
infection. From the physician point of view, these human
mycotic infections can be divided into superficial, cutaneous,
subcutaneous, and deep mycoses [1]. Such fungi which usually
do not induce a disease, may do so in many persons having an
altered host defense mechanism, termed as “opportunistic fungi”
and may infect any or all organs of the body or may cause
superficial infection also. Opportunistic fungal pathogens may
originate as human commensals (e.g. Candida albicans) or have
an environmental reservoir. Alarming increase in the frequency
of secondary fungal infection due to opportunistic fungi is
occurring in areas of the world where the number of
immunocompromised patients has increased [2].
India has become the diabetic capital of the world.
Diabetic patients are known to be infected by these opportunistic
fungi [3, 4, 5]. Infections in diabetic individuals are generally
recognized to be frequent causes of morbidity and mortality.
Whether or not infection occurs with increased frequency in
diabetes remains controversial. Diabetic patients are very often
prone to fungal infections (Candida, Alternaria, Scopulariopsis,
Aspergillus), because of higher blood glucose levels which help
for the growth of fungi. Common types of fungi are yeasts,
moulds, mushrooms and all are not harmful. Most of the fungal
infections can be treated and cured if diagnosed early [6, 7].
In women with diabetes, vaginal secretions contain more
glucose or sugar, due to higher amounts of glucose in the blood.
Yeast cells are nourished by this excess glucose, causing them to
multiply and become a fungal infection [8]. Urinary tract
infection (UTI) is more common in subjects with diabetes
mellitus in women due to the short urethra readily accessible to
organisms from the vegina and rectum [9, 10].
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of
fungal infection in clinical specimen submitted in pathological
laboratory at Betul (M. P.).
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
For the purpose of isolation of secondary infecting fungi,
19 samples of Blood and Urine (clinical specimen) submitted by
patients in a pathological laboratory [From Rathi hospital (RH)
and Distt. Hospital (DH)] at Betul (M. P.) were collected.
a:- Isolation of fungal pathogens from clinical samples
Collected blood samples were immediately transported
into 4 ml of sterilized glucose broth was mixed in 2 ml of each
sample. Urine sample was applied for centrifugation for 20
minutes at 2000 rpm, sediments were used for slide preparation
and for the isolation of fungi. A loopful of blood sample and
sediment urine sample were streaked on slants and petriplates
containing SDA media. Slants and petriplates were examined
after 3 weeks for the growth. The samples were incubated at
28 0 C for 24 hours.
b:- Identification of fungi
(1) Direct examination of clinical samples- Specimens or
clinical samples were directly examined in 20% KOH under
microscope for the presence of fungal elements.
(2) Culture technique- Fungi isolated from patients were
identified on the basis of cultural and morphological
characteristics. Slides were prepared and stained with methylene
blue and observed under microscope.
c:- Statistical analysis
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the data
during the experiments.
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Diagnostic study played an important role to bring out the
fungal prevalence among diabetic patients at Betul area. The
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