INAUGURAL–DISSERTATION zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der ...

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54 3. Numerical Methods
4. Results and Discussion Results presented in this chapter are categorized into four sections based on the model development and implementation, which are discussed successively: At first, onedimensional water spray in nitrogen results are given, followed by the results of twodimensional evaporating water spray flows in air in axisymmetric configuration. Later, single bi-component droplet evaporation and solid layer formation results are discussed, and finally, results of PVP/water spray in air in an axisymmetric configuration are presented. 4.1 One-dimensional Evaporating Water Spray in Nitrogen A spray can be generated by pumping the liquid through a nozzle that facilitates dispersion of liquid into a spray. Nozzles are mainly used to distribute a liquid over an area thereby liquid surface area is increased. There are three types of nozzles normally used, which include spinning disk nozzle, single-fluid or centrifugal pressure nozzle, twin-fluid nozzle [196]. The spinning disk nozzles are also known as rotary atomizers. The single-fluid nozzles include pressure-swirl nozzle, plain-orifice nozzle, hollow cone nozzle, etc., whereas the twin-fluid nozzles can be internal-mix or external-mix two-fluid atomizers [196]. The present study concerns the simulation of water spray generated using a hollow cone nozzle, which is single fluid nozzle. However, the model presented in this work is equally applicable to other type of nozzles as the current work focuses on the simulation of spray after the primary breakup. Evaporating sprays are of special interest as those occur not only in many industrial applications but also constitute the defining physical phenomena in spray drying process. Therefore, having models validated for evaporating sprays motivate their application in simulations of spray drying. A water spray injected through a hollow cone Delavan SDX-SE-90 nozzle in a vertical spray chamber and carried by nitrogen is simulated by DQMOM and the results are compared with the QMOM, and validated with the experiment.
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INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangun
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Dreams can never become a reality w
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II ial direction). Earlier studies
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IV DQMOM wird die Tropfengrößen-
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Contents Abstract . . . . . . . . .
Page 15 and 16:
List of Tables 4.1 Initial weights
Page 17 and 18:
List of Figures 1.1 A schematic dia
Page 19 and 20:
List of Figures XIII 4.27 Effect of
Page 21 and 22:
1. Introduction Drying has found ap
Page 23 and 24: 3 Fig. 1.2: Chemical structure of p
Page 25 and 26: 5 via inhalation aerosols. Dry powd
Page 27 and 28: 7 equations are written in terms of
Page 29 and 30: 9 for through appropriate sub-model
Page 31 and 32: 2. Mathematical Modeling Spray cons
Page 33 and 34: 2.1. State of the Art 13 the govern
Page 35 and 36: 2.1. State of the Art 15 and if the
Page 37 and 38: 2.2. Euler - Lagrangian Approach 17
Page 39 and 40: 2.2. Euler - Lagrangian Approach 19
Page 41 and 42: 2.3. Euler - Euler Approach 21 quan
Page 43 and 44: 2.3. Euler - Euler Approach 23 Will
Page 45 and 46: 2.3. Euler - Euler Approach 25 of t
Page 47 and 48: 2.3. Euler - Euler Approach 27 With
Page 49 and 50: 2.4. Single Droplet Modeling 29 col
Page 51 and 52: 2.4. Single Droplet Modeling 31 the
Page 53 and 54: 2.4. Single Droplet Modeling 33 pol
Page 55 and 56: 2.4. Single Droplet Modeling 35 gra
Page 57 and 58: 2.4. Single Droplet Modeling 37 thr
Page 59 and 60: 2.4. Single Droplet Modeling 39 whe
Page 61 and 62: 2.4. Single Droplet Modeling 41 (a)
Page 63 and 64: 2.4. Single Droplet Modeling 43 not
Page 65 and 66: 3. Numerical Methods In the numeric
Page 67 and 68: 3.2. Spray Modeling 47 and solid la
Page 69 and 70: 3.2. Spray Modeling 49 ⎛ ⎞ ⎛
Page 71 and 72: 3.2. Spray Modeling 51 application
Page 73: 3.3. Numerical Performance 53 where
Page 77 and 78: 4.1. One-dimensional Evaporating Wa
Page 87 and 88: 4.2. Two-dimensional Evaporating Wa
Page 97 and 98: 4.3. Single Bi-component Droplet Ev
Page 113 and 114: 4.4. Two-dimensional Evaporating PV
Page 119 and 120: 5. Conclusions and Future Work The
Page 121 and 122: 101 proved UNIFAC-vdW-FV method for
Page 123: Appendix
Page 126 and 127:
106 A. Nomenclature Symbol Unit Des
Page 128 and 129:
108 A. Nomenclature S n S g S l Vec
Page 130 and 131:
110 A. Nomenclature List of Abbrevi
Page 132 and 133:
Bibliography [1] K. Masters: Spray
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BIBLIOGRAPHY iii [24] K. D. Squires
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BIBLIOGRAPHY v [49] D. L. Marchisio
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BIBLIOGRAPHY vii [72] G. M. Faeth:
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BIBLIOGRAPHY ix [95] C. Cercignani,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY xi [119] R. O. Fox: Hi
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BIBLIOGRAPHY xiii [142] R. Clift, J
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BIBLIOGRAPHY xv [170] G. Brenn, L.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY xvii [197] M. Stieß:
Page 150:
BIBLIOGRAPHY xix [222] I. S. Grigor
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