ecological characterization atlas of coastal alabama - Data Center

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OIL, GAS, AND MINERALS INTRODUCTION The oil , gas, and mineral section provides information on these activities in coastal Alabama and includes pipeline routes, refineries, and drilling sites . The location of other significant deposits of minerals such as clay and gravel are also discussed . OIL AND GAS Petroleum-related activities in Alabama began in the early 1900's with the discovery of small, shallow gas fields in H untsville (Madison Co .) and Fayette (Fayette Co .) in northern Alabama, and Mobile in southern Alabama . Located near the Bascomb race track, the two Mobile wells produced over 990 m3 or 35,000 ft3 of gas per day (Jones 1926, Masingill and Hall 1979) . After more than 700 dry holes were drilled, the first significant oil discovery i n Al abama was made i n 1944 near Gi 1 bertown i n Choctaw County i n the Selma and Eutaw Formations (Upper Cretaceous) (Cretaceous period : 135 million to 65 million years before present) between 785 and 788 meters (m) (2,575 and 2,585 ft) below land surface (Masingill and Hall 1979) . The Gi 1 bertown Fiel d produced 12 .1 mi l 1 i on barrel s( bbl ) of oi l between 1944 and June 1982 (Alabama State Oil and Gas Board 1982) . The geologic strata underlying southwest Alabama, with an indication of which strata are important in petroleum production, are shown in Figure 9 . Oil was found in 1950 in the South Carlton Field (Atmore quadrangle) of northern Baldwin County, followed by similar discoveries in adjacent Escambia County . These wells produce from the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation (Upper Cretaceous) at depths of about 1676 m (5,500 ft) . The South Carlton Field i ncl udes about 50 wel l s i n Bal dwi n and C1 arke Counti es , wi th the maj ori ty i n Baldwin (O'Neil and Mettee 1982) . Between 1950 and 1982 the South Carlton Field produced about 5 .0 million bbl of oil (Alabama State Oil and Gas Board 1982) . Oil production in South Carlton Field has remained high because of new wells being drilled, even though the field is becoming depleted (Friend et al . 1981) . One of the largest oil resources east of the Mississippi River was discovered in 1955 at Citronelle in northern Mobile County, at depths ranging from 3,052 to 3,300 m (10,014 to 10,827 ft) in the Lower Cretaceous Formation . The Citronelle Field ~Citronelle quadrangle) has produced 135 million bbl of oi 1 and 345 bi 11 i on m (12 .2 tri 11 on ft3 ) of gas from i ts 447 prod ucing wells (O'Neil and Mettee 1982, Friend et al . 1981, Alabama State Oil and 107
: EXPLANATION ERATHEM SYSTEM SERIES GEOLOGIC UN IT LITHOLOGY S+neato,u w s«~ QUATERNARY HOLOCENE PLEISTOCENE UNDIFFERENTIATED 5«w:prml«a .«,e;aar Go^dw^ .,,,. aGlaucon~te CENOZOIC '-'-' - -'-' PLIOCENE UNDIFFERENTIATED MIOCENE "A mO S AN " - . yne ;yw« «a,«,e ;a .y ~ SnY. w OLIGOCENE UNDIFFERENTIATED Limnton. e TE IA RY JACKSON GROUP n,,o ., qay EOCENE CLAIBORNE GROUP S«~e : sdic.ws aa non . min liw.atow Me y s ® L;maawv ^, Galk PALEOCENE WILCOX GROUP -- Sna :c«Iwnar.ws,naewrtnmmwasotn„unwr : nonite MIDWAY GROU - --- Sh«0 noOÎ-Isoliw°auê'ê^°a ;lly"u - ~ Arqillar.ewf Limntorw w Man SELMA GROUP • Gak , m«s~re:a„~kr mal< ppp O p MaEUiar L~mestow UPPER EUTAW FORMATION . = • S,ne .wne .daucowucs.MSton . ;Nale CRETACEOUS "UpP., _- • ~^~tow.w,tn nae,nea,yawe w«~ TUSCALOOSA GROUP "Marine" - -- sna ., wnn u,av sne,k . aâ m~n w~es,o~ ., l.as Dolorrute ~ pawn, , limntone "Loaer --- • S~ .anw ., tn~n to w«c~ .e, wnn snaie ~û.n.m ® qmrarn . LOWER LOWER CRETACEOUS UNDIFFERENTIATED •0 • Sa^cstona. rneto m.a~umpuêa, w, ,ac« ot ®.' noduiar nm . to e, tnn annyor n uwt e,r meele
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FWS/OBS-82/46 August 1984 MMS 84-00
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Library of Congress Card No . 85-60
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SUMMARY The southwest Alabama coast
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CONTENTS PREFACE . . . . . . . . .
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Page CL IMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY . .
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Number Page 14 Frequency of destruc
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Number Page 13 Charter boats and he
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Number Pa e 49 Summary of geologic
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Mobile Area Chamber of Commerce Mob
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water . Plants and animals not phys
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and white ibis (Eudocimus aTbus) .
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Grant's Island (Biloxi quadrangle)
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Table 2 . Average annual waterfowl
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(widgeongrass) is the dominant seag
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(Benson 1982) . Brown and white shr
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Table 4 . Commercial landings of se
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Table 5 . Estimated recreational ca
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offshore waters from December throu
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Unless otherwise specified, the fol
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Table 7 . Recommended State of Alab
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Table 7 . (concluded) Recommended s
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(Mount 1975 ) . Thi s speci es i s
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REFERENCES Wetland Habitats Cowardi
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Stout, J . P ., and M . J . Lelong
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Guest, W . C ., and G . Gunter . 19
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SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Wetla
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In April and June 1978 the Gulf of
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distribution of the species are dis
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landed, the value of the seafood la
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Service publication Alabama Coastal
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year, over 2 million individual bir
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The Styx, Blackwater, and Perdido R
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It was estimated ( Table 9) that 2
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Table 10 . Average daily two-way tr
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while the majority in Mobile County
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mouth of Mobile Bay has tremendous
Page 73 and 74: SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS AND ONSHORE D
Page 75 and 76: Table 15 . Areas of Alabama estuari
Page 77 and 78: Cavellero House (1) 7 North Jackson
Page 79 and 80: Horst House ("Moongate") (1) 186 ;
Page 81 and 82: Spring Hill College Quadrangle (1)
Page 83 and 84: periods . Hallmarks of the Woodland
Page 85 and 86: Table 16 . Maintained navigable cha
Page 87 and 88: Mobil Oil discovered gas in a deep
Page 89 and 90: National Natural Landmarks Boschung
Page 91 and 92: May, E . B . 1976 . Holocene sedime
Page 93 and 94: U .S . Army Corps of Engineers . 19
Page 95 and 96: Intensively Used Recreation Beaches
Page 97 and 98: Man-Made Land Baxter J ., 15 Decemb
Page 99 and 100: SOILS AND LANDFORMS INTRODUCTION Th
Page 101 and 102: oad flood plains of the Mobile/Alab
Page 103 and 104: At elevations of about 30 m (100 ft
Page 105 and 106: The Troup-Benndale-Smithton soil as
Page 107 and 108: Table 19 . Potential uses and limit
Page 109 and 110: Somewhat the same situation exists
Page 111 and 112: due to limitations of Landsat cover
Page 113 and 114: decrease in sediment being transpor
Page 115 and 116: Changes in Perdido Pass are among t
Page 117 and 118: 60 m (100 to 200 ft), and some of t
Page 119 and 120: REFERENCES Alabama Coastal Area Boa
Page 121 and 122: SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Soil
Page 123: Active Dunes Alabama Coastal Area B
Page 127 and 128: carbon component of the production
Page 129 and 130: Table 20 . Oil facilities in coasta
Page 131 and 132: Oil and gas production statistics f
Page 133 and 134: CLAY Clay is a ubiquitous mineral r
Page 135 and 136: Table 24 . Production (net tons) of
Page 137 and 138: Table 27 . Geologic strata containi
Page 139 and 140: excavation (Smith and Gilbert 1975)
Page 141 and 142: REFERENCES OIL AND GAS Alabama Coas
Page 143 and 144: SAND AND GRAVEL Alabama Coastal Are
Page 145 and 146: SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION OIL A
Page 147 and 148: CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY INTRODUCT
Page 149 and 150: Table 32 . Rainfall in coastal Alab
Page 151 and 152: systems to extend into the gulf are
Page 153 and 154: These storms have the potential to
Page 155 and 156: average forward speed of hurricanes
Page 157 and 158: Table 35 . Hurricane surges in Alab
Page 159 and 160: occurs when water rises above the w
Page 161 and 162: Table 37 . Monthly mean discharges
Page 163 and 164: Alabama River C L u z O W L 0 u ~ Z
Page 165 and 166: Table 41 . Chemical analyses of wat
Page 167 and 168: ~ 0 umber (quad) tation name ate of
Page 169 and 170: Table 42 . (concluded) isso ve su s
Page 171 and 172: ~ -------- 00 ~ ~r I ~ . i I I ~ I
Page 173 and 174: Table 43 . Existing municipal sewag
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Regional Plan- Table 45 . Water qua
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Table 46 . Average and maximum-mini
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Table 46 . (concluded) -~Tater temp
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Table 47 . Water-quality trends in
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discharge from metropolitan Mobile
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Table 49 . Summary of geologic unit
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affected by the surface environment
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Longshore currents in the Gulf of M
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consisting of a wedge of salt water
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AI ARAMA ` FI (lRIf1A Figure 19 . E
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~ ~ l ~ l i L j + l j* l + j* ~ + j
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REFERENCES CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOG
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Brady, D . W . 1979 . Water resourc
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Schroeder, W . W . 1976 . Physical
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This 25-page document gives detaile
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Information on the location, thickn
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H TtiF I :r ~ . ~ .~ U _ . DEPARTME
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