ecological characterization atlas of coastal alabama - Data Center

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idges . The amount of vegetation on the dune ridges has tended to stabilize them . POINT SOURCE DISCHARGES The South Alabama Regional Planning Commission has made an assessment of both point and nonpoint sources of pollution in Mobile and Baldwin Counties and the controls needed to meet the qoals of Section 208 of the 1972 amendment to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act . The South Alabama Regional Planning Commission (1979), Friend et al . (1981), and D . W . Brady (1979) are the primary sources of the following material, and should be consulted for more detailed information . For purposes of this mapping study, point-source discharges have been divided into two categories : industrial sources that discharge effluent that may need chemical treatment ; and municipal, semipublic and public sources that discharge domestic effluent that can generally be treated biologically . In Mobile and Baldwin Counties there were 19 m unicipal waste-water point sources with an aggregate discharge of 208 million liters per day (mld) (55 million gallons per day (mgd)) in 1977 . There were 38 industrial process waste-water sources with National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits, with an aggregate discharge of' about 507 mld (134 mgd) . Also in the study area were 49 semipublic and private point sources of nonpermit effluents such as sanitary waste, cooling water, boiler blowdown, and rain water runoff . Most of the industrial dischargers empty into Chickasaw Creek and the Mobile River (Mobile quadrangle) . The greatest volume of discharge is from the two electrical generating plants, which discharge cooling water and steam condensate, and paper mills . In contrast, most of the pol l ution load comes from the paper mil l s and chemical plants . The majority of point dischargers in Baldwin wastewater treatment plants, of which there are seven, of which there are three . The industrial discharges from several industries in the vicinity of Bay quadrangle), and about five seafood distributors in quadrangle) . County are municipal and municipal lagoons, in Baldwin County are Minette (Bay Minette Bon Secour (Pensacola Mobile County is more heavily populated and industrialized than Baldwin County, with nearly three times as many point source dischargers . There are 12 municipal wastewater treatment plants and several municipal lagoons in the county . Industrial dischargers include about a dozen chemical and mineral plants, most of which are located either in the Mobile area, the area around Bucks, or Theodore (Mobile quadrangle) . Two large power plants are located on the Mobile River north of Mobile . Four paper/lumber plants, two railroad yards, and the State docks are also located in the Mobile area . A number of seafood distributors are located in Bayou La Batre (Biloxi quadrangle) . Other information on water quality is included in the climatology and hydrology narrative . 55
SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS AND ONSHORE DISPOSAL SITES There are approximately 148 ha (365 acres) of solid waste disposal sites in Mobile County, of these, 127 ha (315 acres) are sanitary landfills . A11 of the 32 ha (80 acres) of solid waste disposal sites in Baldwin County are sanitary landfills (South Alabama Regional Planning Commission 1979) . The following summary of approved solid waste disposal sites is taken from the Water Quality Management Plan, Mobile and Baldwin Counties, Alabama, developed by the South Alabama Regional Planning Commission (1979) . These sites are the only approved sites for dumping in these counties, altho ugh there are approximately 70 unapproved sites which are used . Many of these unauthorized dumps are within the 3-m (10-ft) contour (NGVD) and are on private, industrial, and commercial properties . Often these unauthorized, unsupervised dumps result in groundwater contamination, runoff and floodwater pollution, air pollution from open burning and malodors, and pest problems (Alabama Coastal Area Board 1977) . Mobile County Citronelle Landfill (Citronelle quadrangle) . This site as of May 1984 is not yet o pen, D . Pruitt, South Alabama Regional Planning Commission, Mobile, 21 May 1984 ; pers . comm .) . It was originally scheduled to open in 1978 . A 12-ha (30-acre) , site, it is in the drainage basin of Barrow Creek, which flows into David Lake and the Mobile River . City of Citronelle Dump (Citronelle quadrangle) . This location is to be close upon t e opening of the Mobile County Citronelle Landfill . It is an open burning dump, receiving household garbage and rubbish . An area of less than 4 ha (10 acres), it is in the drainage basin of Cedar Creek and the Mobile River . City of Mobile Landfill (Citronelle quadrangle) . This sanitary landfill opene in 1976 wit a 40 acres) approved for use, with further expansion expected . This site receives waste only from the City of Mobile's municipal pickup service . It drains into Conrad Creek and the Mobile River . City of Saraland Landfill (Citronelle quadrangle) . Although not origina y operate as a sani ary landfill, the site was upgraded to receive household garbage and rubbish . Runoff from this site of about 8 ha (20 acres) flows to Bayou Sara and the Mobile River . Mobile County Kushla Landfill (Citronelle quadrangle) . A sanitary land i approved for ha acres), this site receives household wastes and rubbish . This site was opened in 1976 and drains into Seabury Creek, then Chickasaw Creek, and finally the Mobile River . City of Chickasaw Dump (Mobile quadrangle) . This 4-ha (10-acre) open burning site recent y c osed, the garbage brought here was transferred to the Mobile County Kushla Landfill . This'site is drained by Chickasaw Creek which flows into the Mobile River . Mobile County Dawes Landfill (Biloxi quadrangle) . Opened in 1977, this site is approve for ouse o garbage on 42 ha (105 acres) . The area is 56
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FWS/OBS-82/46 August 1984 MMS 84-00
Page 3 and 4:
Library of Congress Card No . 85-60
Page 5 and 6:
SUMMARY The southwest Alabama coast
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CONTENTS PREFACE . . . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10:
Page CL IMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY . .
Page 11 and 12:
Number Page 14 Frequency of destruc
Page 13 and 14:
Number Page 13 Charter boats and he
Page 15 and 16:
Number Pa e 49 Summary of geologic
Page 17 and 18:
Mobile Area Chamber of Commerce Mob
Page 19 and 20:
water . Plants and animals not phys
Page 21 and 22: and white ibis (Eudocimus aTbus) .
Page 23 and 24: Grant's Island (Biloxi quadrangle)
Page 25 and 26: Table 2 . Average annual waterfowl
Page 27 and 28: (widgeongrass) is the dominant seag
Page 29 and 30: (Benson 1982) . Brown and white shr
Page 31 and 32: Table 4 . Commercial landings of se
Page 33 and 34: Table 5 . Estimated recreational ca
Page 35 and 36: offshore waters from December throu
Page 37 and 38: Unless otherwise specified, the fol
Page 39 and 40: Table 7 . Recommended State of Alab
Page 41 and 42: Table 7 . (concluded) Recommended s
Page 43 and 44: (Mount 1975 ) . Thi s speci es i s
Page 45 and 46: REFERENCES Wetland Habitats Cowardi
Page 47 and 48: Stout, J . P ., and M . J . Lelong
Page 49 and 50: Guest, W . C ., and G . Gunter . 19
Page 51 and 52: SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Wetla
Page 53 and 54: In April and June 1978 the Gulf of
Page 55 and 56: distribution of the species are dis
Page 57 and 58: landed, the value of the seafood la
Page 59 and 60: Service publication Alabama Coastal
Page 61 and 62: year, over 2 million individual bir
Page 63 and 64: The Styx, Blackwater, and Perdido R
Page 65 and 66: It was estimated ( Table 9) that 2
Page 67 and 68: Table 10 . Average daily two-way tr
Page 69 and 70: while the majority in Mobile County
Page 71: mouth of Mobile Bay has tremendous
Page 75 and 76: Table 15 . Areas of Alabama estuari
Page 77 and 78: Cavellero House (1) 7 North Jackson
Page 79 and 80: Horst House ("Moongate") (1) 186 ;
Page 81 and 82: Spring Hill College Quadrangle (1)
Page 83 and 84: periods . Hallmarks of the Woodland
Page 85 and 86: Table 16 . Maintained navigable cha
Page 87 and 88: Mobil Oil discovered gas in a deep
Page 89 and 90: National Natural Landmarks Boschung
Page 91 and 92: May, E . B . 1976 . Holocene sedime
Page 93 and 94: U .S . Army Corps of Engineers . 19
Page 95 and 96: Intensively Used Recreation Beaches
Page 97 and 98: Man-Made Land Baxter J ., 15 Decemb
Page 99 and 100: SOILS AND LANDFORMS INTRODUCTION Th
Page 101 and 102: oad flood plains of the Mobile/Alab
Page 103 and 104: At elevations of about 30 m (100 ft
Page 105 and 106: The Troup-Benndale-Smithton soil as
Page 107 and 108: Table 19 . Potential uses and limit
Page 109 and 110: Somewhat the same situation exists
Page 111 and 112: due to limitations of Landsat cover
Page 113 and 114: decrease in sediment being transpor
Page 115 and 116: Changes in Perdido Pass are among t
Page 117 and 118: 60 m (100 to 200 ft), and some of t
Page 119 and 120: REFERENCES Alabama Coastal Area Boa
Page 121 and 122: SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Soil
Page 123 and 124:
Active Dunes Alabama Coastal Area B
Page 125 and 126:
: EXPLANATION ERATHEM SYSTEM SERIES
Page 127 and 128:
carbon component of the production
Page 129 and 130:
Table 20 . Oil facilities in coasta
Page 131 and 132:
Oil and gas production statistics f
Page 133 and 134:
CLAY Clay is a ubiquitous mineral r
Page 135 and 136:
Table 24 . Production (net tons) of
Page 137 and 138:
Table 27 . Geologic strata containi
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excavation (Smith and Gilbert 1975)
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REFERENCES OIL AND GAS Alabama Coas
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SAND AND GRAVEL Alabama Coastal Are
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SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION OIL A
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CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY INTRODUCT
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Table 32 . Rainfall in coastal Alab
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systems to extend into the gulf are
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These storms have the potential to
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average forward speed of hurricanes
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Table 35 . Hurricane surges in Alab
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occurs when water rises above the w
Page 161 and 162:
Table 37 . Monthly mean discharges
Page 163 and 164:
Alabama River C L u z O W L 0 u ~ Z
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Table 41 . Chemical analyses of wat
Page 167 and 168:
~ 0 umber (quad) tation name ate of
Page 169 and 170:
Table 42 . (concluded) isso ve su s
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~ -------- 00 ~ ~r I ~ . i I I ~ I
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Table 43 . Existing municipal sewag
Page 175 and 176:
Regional Plan- Table 45 . Water qua
Page 177 and 178:
Table 46 . Average and maximum-mini
Page 179 and 180:
Table 46 . (concluded) -~Tater temp
Page 181 and 182:
Table 47 . Water-quality trends in
Page 183 and 184:
discharge from metropolitan Mobile
Page 185 and 186:
Table 49 . Summary of geologic unit
Page 187 and 188:
affected by the surface environment
Page 189 and 190:
Longshore currents in the Gulf of M
Page 191 and 192:
consisting of a wedge of salt water
Page 193 and 194:
AI ARAMA ` FI (lRIf1A Figure 19 . E
Page 195 and 196:
~ ~ l ~ l i L j + l j* l + j* ~ + j
Page 197 and 198:
REFERENCES CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOG
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Brady, D . W . 1979 . Water resourc
Page 201 and 202:
Schroeder, W . W . 1976 . Physical
Page 203 and 204:
This 25-page document gives detaile
Page 205 and 206:
Information on the location, thickn
Page 207:
H TtiF I :r ~ . ~ .~ U _ . DEPARTME
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