ecological characterization atlas of coastal alabama - Data Center

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Table 12 . Selected characteristics of catch by species for charter boat operators, Orange Beach, Alabama, 1975 (Friend et al . 1981 adapted from Wade 1977) . Species Average catch per boat Distribution of catch ('0) Average catch per man-hour Amberjack 6,052 38 .0% 0 .83 Cobia 252 1 .6% 0 .03 Dolphin 274 1 .7% 0 .04 Groupers 175 0 .1% 0 .02 Crevalle jack 226 1 .4% 0 .03 King mackerel 3,477 21 .9% 0 .48 Little tunny 2,161 13 .6% 0 .30 Snapper 2,631 16 .5% 0 .36 Spanish mackerel 659 4 .1% 0 .09 Total 15,907 98 .9% Table 13 . Charter boats and head boats operating in Alabama (Ronald L . Schmeid, National Marine Fisheries Service, St . Petersburg, FL ; 3 June 1981, pers . comm .) . Number Number Location charter boats head boats Baldwin County Perdido Beach(1)a 1 0 Orange Beach(1) 14 1 Point Clear(1) 1 0 Total 16 1 Mobile County Mobile(2) 2 0 Dauphin Island(3) 3 2 Bayou La Batre(3) 0 3 Total 5 5 aQuad sheet : (1) Pensacola, (2) Mobile, (3) Biloxi . 51
while the majority in Mobile County are at Dauphin Island (Ronald L . Schmeid, National Marine Fisheries Service, St . Petersburg, FL ; 1981 ; pers . comm .) . According to Friend et al . (1981), prior to Hurricane Frederic 70% of the charter and head boats i n Al abama were i n Bal dwi n Co unty . As a resul t of the destruction from the hurricane, particularly the loss of the Dauphin Island Causeway ( Bi 1 oxi quadrangl e) , 90% of the charter and head boats were 1 ocated in Baldwin County immediately after the hurricane . In terms of size, most charter and head boats are between 8 .5 and 17 .7 m (28 to 58 ft) (Alabama Sea Grant Advisory Service 1978) . PERMITTED ARTIFICIAL FISHING REEFS Most of the substrate off the Alabama coast is composed of hard to soft mud and sand, with little cover, such as natural reefs and obstructions, to provide habitat for encrusting invertebrates and forage fish . An attempt to provide such cover and thereby increase game fish populations was begun in the 1950s by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources . The Department submerged groups of automobile bodies in waters, usually at 18- to 27-m (60-to 90-ft) depths . In the 1960's and 1970's more obstructions were sunk, including such things as liberty ships, bridge materials, lifeboats, pipes and culverts, and barges . Table 14 shows the compositions, ages, and depths of the permitted reefs (Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources 1981 ; U .S . Fish and Wildlife Service 1981) . Game fishes attracted to these artificial reefs include both bottomdwelling and midwater species . Bottom-dwelling species inhabiting the structures are primarily snappers (Lutjanus spp .) and grouper (E inephelus spp .) . Red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus are found on the shallower (1 - to 23-m or 60- to 75-ft) reefs, especially in the winter . Pelagic midwater game fishes are attracted to concentrations of forage fish swarming around the reefs . The former include primarily greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) , crevalle jack ( Caranx hippos ), cobia ( Rachycentron canadum , little tunny ( Euthynnus alletteratus ) and mackerels ( Scomberomorus sp- The prevailing water currents on the reefs situated off Baldwin County are from the east (Florida), which gives these reefs a high affinity for the blue water-sand bottom Floridian fauna . These westward currents are diverted offshore by the waters fl owi ng out of Mobi 1 e Bay . Reefs to the west, 1 ocated south of Dauphin Island, are subjected to lower salinities than those to the east and their fauna is more estuarine in nature . The deeper reefs are less subject to salinity and tem perature fluctuations and their fauna has more tropical affinities than the inshore reefs (Bennie Rohr, National Marine Fisheries Service, Pascagoula, MS ; 30 November 1982 ; pers . comm .) . PUBLIC FISHING PIERS, PUBLIC ACCESS AREAS AND MARINAS There are six public fishing piers in Mobile and Baldwin Counties . The piers on the gulf are located at Gulf State Park (Pensacola quadrangle) and Young's-by-the-sea (Pensacola quadrangle) in Baldwin County and at Bienville Beach, Dauphin Island (Biloxi quadrangle) in Mobile County . The Fairhope Municipal Pier (Bay Minette quadrangle), May Day Pier (Bay Minette quadrangle near Daphne) and Autrey's Pier (Mobile quadrangle on Battleship Parkway) 52
Page 1 and 2:
FWS/OBS-82/46 August 1984 MMS 84-00
Page 3 and 4:
Library of Congress Card No . 85-60
Page 5 and 6:
SUMMARY The southwest Alabama coast
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTS PREFACE . . . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10:
Page CL IMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY . .
Page 11 and 12:
Number Page 14 Frequency of destruc
Page 13 and 14:
Number Page 13 Charter boats and he
Page 15 and 16:
Number Pa e 49 Summary of geologic
Page 17 and 18: Mobile Area Chamber of Commerce Mob
Page 19 and 20: water . Plants and animals not phys
Page 21 and 22: and white ibis (Eudocimus aTbus) .
Page 23 and 24: Grant's Island (Biloxi quadrangle)
Page 25 and 26: Table 2 . Average annual waterfowl
Page 27 and 28: (widgeongrass) is the dominant seag
Page 29 and 30: (Benson 1982) . Brown and white shr
Page 31 and 32: Table 4 . Commercial landings of se
Page 33 and 34: Table 5 . Estimated recreational ca
Page 35 and 36: offshore waters from December throu
Page 37 and 38: Unless otherwise specified, the fol
Page 39 and 40: Table 7 . Recommended State of Alab
Page 41 and 42: Table 7 . (concluded) Recommended s
Page 43 and 44: (Mount 1975 ) . Thi s speci es i s
Page 45 and 46: REFERENCES Wetland Habitats Cowardi
Page 47 and 48: Stout, J . P ., and M . J . Lelong
Page 49 and 50: Guest, W . C ., and G . Gunter . 19
Page 51 and 52: SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Wetla
Page 53 and 54: In April and June 1978 the Gulf of
Page 55 and 56: distribution of the species are dis
Page 57 and 58: landed, the value of the seafood la
Page 59 and 60: Service publication Alabama Coastal
Page 61 and 62: year, over 2 million individual bir
Page 63 and 64: The Styx, Blackwater, and Perdido R
Page 65 and 66: It was estimated ( Table 9) that 2
Page 67: Table 10 . Average daily two-way tr
Page 71 and 72: mouth of Mobile Bay has tremendous
Page 73 and 74: SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS AND ONSHORE D
Page 75 and 76: Table 15 . Areas of Alabama estuari
Page 77 and 78: Cavellero House (1) 7 North Jackson
Page 79 and 80: Horst House ("Moongate") (1) 186 ;
Page 81 and 82: Spring Hill College Quadrangle (1)
Page 83 and 84: periods . Hallmarks of the Woodland
Page 85 and 86: Table 16 . Maintained navigable cha
Page 87 and 88: Mobil Oil discovered gas in a deep
Page 89 and 90: National Natural Landmarks Boschung
Page 91 and 92: May, E . B . 1976 . Holocene sedime
Page 93 and 94: U .S . Army Corps of Engineers . 19
Page 95 and 96: Intensively Used Recreation Beaches
Page 97 and 98: Man-Made Land Baxter J ., 15 Decemb
Page 99 and 100: SOILS AND LANDFORMS INTRODUCTION Th
Page 101 and 102: oad flood plains of the Mobile/Alab
Page 103 and 104: At elevations of about 30 m (100 ft
Page 105 and 106: The Troup-Benndale-Smithton soil as
Page 107 and 108: Table 19 . Potential uses and limit
Page 109 and 110: Somewhat the same situation exists
Page 111 and 112: due to limitations of Landsat cover
Page 113 and 114: decrease in sediment being transpor
Page 115 and 116: Changes in Perdido Pass are among t
Page 117 and 118: 60 m (100 to 200 ft), and some of t
Page 119 and 120:
REFERENCES Alabama Coastal Area Boa
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SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Soil
Page 123 and 124:
Active Dunes Alabama Coastal Area B
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: EXPLANATION ERATHEM SYSTEM SERIES
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carbon component of the production
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Table 20 . Oil facilities in coasta
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Oil and gas production statistics f
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CLAY Clay is a ubiquitous mineral r
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Table 24 . Production (net tons) of
Page 137 and 138:
Table 27 . Geologic strata containi
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excavation (Smith and Gilbert 1975)
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REFERENCES OIL AND GAS Alabama Coas
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SAND AND GRAVEL Alabama Coastal Are
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SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION OIL A
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CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY INTRODUCT
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Table 32 . Rainfall in coastal Alab
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systems to extend into the gulf are
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These storms have the potential to
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average forward speed of hurricanes
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Table 35 . Hurricane surges in Alab
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occurs when water rises above the w
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Table 37 . Monthly mean discharges
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Alabama River C L u z O W L 0 u ~ Z
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Table 41 . Chemical analyses of wat
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~ 0 umber (quad) tation name ate of
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Table 42 . (concluded) isso ve su s
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~ -------- 00 ~ ~r I ~ . i I I ~ I
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Table 43 . Existing municipal sewag
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Regional Plan- Table 45 . Water qua
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Table 46 . Average and maximum-mini
Page 179 and 180:
Table 46 . (concluded) -~Tater temp
Page 181 and 182:
Table 47 . Water-quality trends in
Page 183 and 184:
discharge from metropolitan Mobile
Page 185 and 186:
Table 49 . Summary of geologic unit
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affected by the surface environment
Page 189 and 190:
Longshore currents in the Gulf of M
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consisting of a wedge of salt water
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AI ARAMA ` FI (lRIf1A Figure 19 . E
Page 195 and 196:
~ ~ l ~ l i L j + l j* l + j* ~ + j
Page 197 and 198:
REFERENCES CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOG
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Brady, D . W . 1979 . Water resourc
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Schroeder, W . W . 1976 . Physical
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This 25-page document gives detaile
Page 205 and 206:
Information on the location, thickn
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H TtiF I :r ~ . ~ .~ U _ . DEPARTME
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