ecological characterization atlas of coastal alabama - Data Center

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Maintenance dredging of the Mobile Ship Channel (Mobile and Biloxi quadrangles) between 1968 and 1973 produced 11,469,000 m3 net (15,000,000 yds3 net) of spoil (Alabama Coastal Area Board 1979) . The average annual net volumes of dredged maintenance material produced from the Mobile Harbor system between 1967 and 1975 are shown in Table 17 . Almost all of this dredged material is dumped in disposal areas designated by the U .S . Army Corps of Engineers approximately 548 m (600 yd) on either side of most of the channels in the area . Onshore dredge spoil disposal areas include sites at Theodore (Mobile quadrangle), Bayou La Batre (Biloxi quadrangle), and Blakely Island (Mobile quadrangle) . On Blakely Island, the U .S . Army Corps of Engineers covers mineral residue ponds with dredge spoil, which provides both needed area for spoil disposal and covering for potentially harmful chemical waste (J . Baxter, U .S . Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile, 15 December 1982 ; pers . comm .) . OFFSHORE OBSTRUCTIONS AND STRUCTURES The onl y maj or offshore structures i n Mobi 1 e and Bal dwi n Counti es are the Mobile Bay Light, the Sand Island Light and three petroleum platforms associated with the Lower Mobile Bay Field (Biloxi quadrangle) . The Middle Bay Light was constructed in 1884 and is 'located, as the name implies, in the middle of Mobile Bay on the navigation channel . This structure is discussed further in the atlas section dealing with the National Register of Historic Places . The Sand Island Lighthouse is located near Sand Island about 5 km (3 mi) south of the mouth of Mobile Bay . It dates to 1873 and was abandoned in 1971 . Like the Middle Bay Light, it is on the National Register of Historic Places and is discussed further in that section . Table 17 . Average annual volume of maintenance bottom materials dredged from the Mobile Harbor system, 1967-75 (U .S . Army Corps of Engineers 1980) . Amount Channel (yd3/yr) Mobile River ( including Chickasaw Creek) 1,054,000 Mobile Bay 3,743,000 Mobile Bar Channel 264,000 Total 5,061,000 69
Mobil Oil discovered gas in a deep well at the mouth of Mobile Bay in late 1979 . This well produced enough to encourage further drilling and, as a result, there are now three platforms near the mouth of Mobile Bay in what has been designated the Lower Mobile Bay Field ( R. G . Hellmich, Alabama State Oil and Gas Board, University, September 1982 ; pers . comm .) . The number of offshore petroleum platforms will soon increase as an additional 13 tracts have been leased by the State for petroleum exploration (Hagopian 1981) . Underwater obstructions and shipwrecks are plotted on both the U .S . Geological Survey 7 .5 min quadrangle maps and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) navigational charts of the area . Although the composition of obstructions are usually not identified on NOAA charts, some are submerged snags, pilings, or privately established fish havens . Shrimpers who regularly work in an area generally maintain an exhaustive list of snag locations . A single shrimpboat may net a 61 m(200 ft) wide swath of bottom at one time, and the chance of a snag fouling a shrimper's net is quite high . Because a single snag may result in the loss of thousands of dollars worth of fishing gear, shrimpers pay close attention to their location and exchange information on snag locations with other shrimpers . Although these snags are, in size and number, beyond the mapping scale of thi s study, the shrimpi ng communi ty i s a val uable source for anyone seeking detailed information on the sea floor . Many shipwreck locations are generally well known and new sites are reported to the U .S . Coast Guard by boaters . Excluding shipwrecks in rivers, there are approximately 25 known shipwrecks in the study area, of which about 5 are in shallow enough water to be partially exposed . The most famous shipwreck in Alabama waters is the Civil War ironclad vessel U .S .S . Tecumseh . The wreck is in fairly good condition under about 9 m (30 ft) of wa er j ust north of Fort Morgan . The U .S .S . Tecumseh is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and is discussecT uf rtier in that section . 70
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FWS/OBS-82/46 August 1984 MMS 84-00
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Library of Congress Card No . 85-60
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SUMMARY The southwest Alabama coast
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CONTENTS PREFACE . . . . . . . . .
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Page CL IMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY . .
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Number Page 14 Frequency of destruc
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Number Page 13 Charter boats and he
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Number Pa e 49 Summary of geologic
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Mobile Area Chamber of Commerce Mob
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water . Plants and animals not phys
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and white ibis (Eudocimus aTbus) .
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Grant's Island (Biloxi quadrangle)
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Table 2 . Average annual waterfowl
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(widgeongrass) is the dominant seag
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(Benson 1982) . Brown and white shr
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Table 4 . Commercial landings of se
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Table 5 . Estimated recreational ca
Page 35 and 36: offshore waters from December throu
Page 37 and 38: Unless otherwise specified, the fol
Page 39 and 40: Table 7 . Recommended State of Alab
Page 41 and 42: Table 7 . (concluded) Recommended s
Page 43 and 44: (Mount 1975 ) . Thi s speci es i s
Page 45 and 46: REFERENCES Wetland Habitats Cowardi
Page 47 and 48: Stout, J . P ., and M . J . Lelong
Page 49 and 50: Guest, W . C ., and G . Gunter . 19
Page 51 and 52: SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Wetla
Page 53 and 54: In April and June 1978 the Gulf of
Page 55 and 56: distribution of the species are dis
Page 57 and 58: landed, the value of the seafood la
Page 59 and 60: Service publication Alabama Coastal
Page 61 and 62: year, over 2 million individual bir
Page 63 and 64: The Styx, Blackwater, and Perdido R
Page 65 and 66: It was estimated ( Table 9) that 2
Page 67 and 68: Table 10 . Average daily two-way tr
Page 69 and 70: while the majority in Mobile County
Page 71 and 72: mouth of Mobile Bay has tremendous
Page 73 and 74: SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS AND ONSHORE D
Page 75 and 76: Table 15 . Areas of Alabama estuari
Page 77 and 78: Cavellero House (1) 7 North Jackson
Page 79 and 80: Horst House ("Moongate") (1) 186 ;
Page 81 and 82: Spring Hill College Quadrangle (1)
Page 83 and 84: periods . Hallmarks of the Woodland
Page 85: Table 16 . Maintained navigable cha
Page 89 and 90: National Natural Landmarks Boschung
Page 91 and 92: May, E . B . 1976 . Holocene sedime
Page 93 and 94: U .S . Army Corps of Engineers . 19
Page 95 and 96: Intensively Used Recreation Beaches
Page 97 and 98: Man-Made Land Baxter J ., 15 Decemb
Page 99 and 100: SOILS AND LANDFORMS INTRODUCTION Th
Page 101 and 102: oad flood plains of the Mobile/Alab
Page 103 and 104: At elevations of about 30 m (100 ft
Page 105 and 106: The Troup-Benndale-Smithton soil as
Page 107 and 108: Table 19 . Potential uses and limit
Page 109 and 110: Somewhat the same situation exists
Page 111 and 112: due to limitations of Landsat cover
Page 113 and 114: decrease in sediment being transpor
Page 115 and 116: Changes in Perdido Pass are among t
Page 117 and 118: 60 m (100 to 200 ft), and some of t
Page 119 and 120: REFERENCES Alabama Coastal Area Boa
Page 121 and 122: SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Soil
Page 123 and 124: Active Dunes Alabama Coastal Area B
Page 125 and 126: : EXPLANATION ERATHEM SYSTEM SERIES
Page 127 and 128: carbon component of the production
Page 129 and 130: Table 20 . Oil facilities in coasta
Page 131 and 132: Oil and gas production statistics f
Page 133 and 134: CLAY Clay is a ubiquitous mineral r
Page 135 and 136: Table 24 . Production (net tons) of
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Table 27 . Geologic strata containi
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excavation (Smith and Gilbert 1975)
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REFERENCES OIL AND GAS Alabama Coas
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SAND AND GRAVEL Alabama Coastal Are
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SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION OIL A
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CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY INTRODUCT
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Table 32 . Rainfall in coastal Alab
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systems to extend into the gulf are
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These storms have the potential to
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average forward speed of hurricanes
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Table 35 . Hurricane surges in Alab
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occurs when water rises above the w
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Table 37 . Monthly mean discharges
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Alabama River C L u z O W L 0 u ~ Z
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Table 41 . Chemical analyses of wat
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~ 0 umber (quad) tation name ate of
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Table 42 . (concluded) isso ve su s
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~ -------- 00 ~ ~r I ~ . i I I ~ I
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Table 43 . Existing municipal sewag
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Regional Plan- Table 45 . Water qua
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Table 46 . Average and maximum-mini
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Table 46 . (concluded) -~Tater temp
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Table 47 . Water-quality trends in
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discharge from metropolitan Mobile
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Table 49 . Summary of geologic unit
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affected by the surface environment
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Longshore currents in the Gulf of M
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consisting of a wedge of salt water
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AI ARAMA ` FI (lRIf1A Figure 19 . E
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~ ~ l ~ l i L j + l j* l + j* ~ + j
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REFERENCES CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOG
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Brady, D . W . 1979 . Water resourc
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Schroeder, W . W . 1976 . Physical
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This 25-page document gives detaile
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Information on the location, thickn
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H TtiF I :r ~ . ~ .~ U _ . DEPARTME
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