ecological characterization atlas of coastal alabama - Data Center

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Page Amphi bi ans . . . res wa er Fi shes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 . 27 ants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 REFERENM -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 SOC IOECONOM ICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 I NTRODUCT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 LAND USE AND LAND COVER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 MARINE AND ESTUARINE SANCTUARIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 STATE PARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 STATE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 NATIONAL NATURAL LANDMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY SANCTUARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 INTENSIVELY USED RECREATIONAL BEACHES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 CHARTER BOAT AND HEAD BOAT SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 PERMITTED ARTIFICIAL FISHING REEFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 PUBLIC FISHING PIERS, PUBLIC ACCESS AREAS AND MARINAS . . . . . . . . 52 BARRIER ISLANDS AND SPITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 POINT SOURCE DISCHARGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS AND ONSHORE DISPOSAL SITES . . . . . . . . . . 56 MAN-MADE LAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 NAVI GATION CHANNELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 DREDGE SPOIL DISPOSAL AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 OFFSHORE OBSTRUCTIONS AND STRUCTURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 SOILS AND LANDFORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 I NTRODUCT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 REGIONAL SOILS AND LANDFORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 EROSION AND ACCRETION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 GEOLOGIC FAULTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 ACT I VE DUNES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 OIL, GAS, AND MINERALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 I NTRODU.CT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 0I L AND GAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 CLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 SAND AND GRAVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 vii
Page CL IMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 I NTRODUCT I ON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 CL IMATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Precipitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Cloud over, o , and Relative Humidit . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 xE tratropi cal Cycl ones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 ropica yc ones an urricanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 U .S. G S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 STREAM AND RIVER DISCHARGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 SURFACE WATER QUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Water Qual i ty Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 o i e i ver asi n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Mobile ay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 er i o i ver Basi n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Escatawpa Ri ver Basi n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 oas a rai nages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 GROUND WATER AVAI LAB I L ITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 GROUND WATER QUALITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 CURRENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Peri do Bay . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • . . . 173 o i e Bay and Mi ssi ssi ppi Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 SALINI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • . . 181 SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 viii
Page 1 and 2: FWS/OBS-82/46 August 1984 MMS 84-00
Page 3 and 4: Library of Congress Card No . 85-60
Page 5 and 6: SUMMARY The southwest Alabama coast
Page 7: CONTENTS PREFACE . . . . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: Number Page 14 Frequency of destruc
Page 13 and 14: Number Page 13 Charter boats and he
Page 15 and 16: Number Pa e 49 Summary of geologic
Page 17 and 18: Mobile Area Chamber of Commerce Mob
Page 19 and 20: water . Plants and animals not phys
Page 21 and 22: and white ibis (Eudocimus aTbus) .
Page 23 and 24: Grant's Island (Biloxi quadrangle)
Page 25 and 26: Table 2 . Average annual waterfowl
Page 27 and 28: (widgeongrass) is the dominant seag
Page 29 and 30: (Benson 1982) . Brown and white shr
Page 31 and 32: Table 4 . Commercial landings of se
Page 33 and 34: Table 5 . Estimated recreational ca
Page 35 and 36: offshore waters from December throu
Page 37 and 38: Unless otherwise specified, the fol
Page 39 and 40: Table 7 . Recommended State of Alab
Page 41 and 42: Table 7 . (concluded) Recommended s
Page 43 and 44: (Mount 1975 ) . Thi s speci es i s
Page 45 and 46: REFERENCES Wetland Habitats Cowardi
Page 47 and 48: Stout, J . P ., and M . J . Lelong
Page 49 and 50: Guest, W . C ., and G . Gunter . 19
Page 51 and 52: SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Wetla
Page 53 and 54: In April and June 1978 the Gulf of
Page 55 and 56: distribution of the species are dis
Page 57 and 58: landed, the value of the seafood la
Page 59 and 60:
Service publication Alabama Coastal
Page 61 and 62:
year, over 2 million individual bir
Page 63 and 64:
The Styx, Blackwater, and Perdido R
Page 65 and 66:
It was estimated ( Table 9) that 2
Page 67 and 68:
Table 10 . Average daily two-way tr
Page 69 and 70:
while the majority in Mobile County
Page 71 and 72:
mouth of Mobile Bay has tremendous
Page 73 and 74:
SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS AND ONSHORE D
Page 75 and 76:
Table 15 . Areas of Alabama estuari
Page 77 and 78:
Cavellero House (1) 7 North Jackson
Page 79 and 80:
Horst House ("Moongate") (1) 186 ;
Page 81 and 82:
Spring Hill College Quadrangle (1)
Page 83 and 84:
periods . Hallmarks of the Woodland
Page 85 and 86:
Table 16 . Maintained navigable cha
Page 87 and 88:
Mobil Oil discovered gas in a deep
Page 89 and 90:
National Natural Landmarks Boschung
Page 91 and 92:
May, E . B . 1976 . Holocene sedime
Page 93 and 94:
U .S . Army Corps of Engineers . 19
Page 95 and 96:
Intensively Used Recreation Beaches
Page 97 and 98:
Man-Made Land Baxter J ., 15 Decemb
Page 99 and 100:
SOILS AND LANDFORMS INTRODUCTION Th
Page 101 and 102:
oad flood plains of the Mobile/Alab
Page 103 and 104:
At elevations of about 30 m (100 ft
Page 105 and 106:
The Troup-Benndale-Smithton soil as
Page 107 and 108:
Table 19 . Potential uses and limit
Page 109 and 110:
Somewhat the same situation exists
Page 111 and 112:
due to limitations of Landsat cover
Page 113 and 114:
decrease in sediment being transpor
Page 115 and 116:
Changes in Perdido Pass are among t
Page 117 and 118:
60 m (100 to 200 ft), and some of t
Page 119 and 120:
REFERENCES Alabama Coastal Area Boa
Page 121 and 122:
SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION Soil
Page 123 and 124:
Active Dunes Alabama Coastal Area B
Page 125 and 126:
: EXPLANATION ERATHEM SYSTEM SERIES
Page 127 and 128:
carbon component of the production
Page 129 and 130:
Table 20 . Oil facilities in coasta
Page 131 and 132:
Oil and gas production statistics f
Page 133 and 134:
CLAY Clay is a ubiquitous mineral r
Page 135 and 136:
Table 24 . Production (net tons) of
Page 137 and 138:
Table 27 . Geologic strata containi
Page 139 and 140:
excavation (Smith and Gilbert 1975)
Page 141 and 142:
REFERENCES OIL AND GAS Alabama Coas
Page 143 and 144:
SAND AND GRAVEL Alabama Coastal Are
Page 145 and 146:
SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION OIL A
Page 147 and 148:
CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY INTRODUCT
Page 149 and 150:
Table 32 . Rainfall in coastal Alab
Page 151 and 152:
systems to extend into the gulf are
Page 153 and 154:
These storms have the potential to
Page 155 and 156:
average forward speed of hurricanes
Page 157 and 158:
Table 35 . Hurricane surges in Alab
Page 159 and 160:
occurs when water rises above the w
Page 161 and 162:
Table 37 . Monthly mean discharges
Page 163 and 164:
Alabama River C L u z O W L 0 u ~ Z
Page 165 and 166:
Table 41 . Chemical analyses of wat
Page 167 and 168:
~ 0 umber (quad) tation name ate of
Page 169 and 170:
Table 42 . (concluded) isso ve su s
Page 171 and 172:
~ -------- 00 ~ ~r I ~ . i I I ~ I
Page 173 and 174:
Table 43 . Existing municipal sewag
Page 175 and 176:
Regional Plan- Table 45 . Water qua
Page 177 and 178:
Table 46 . Average and maximum-mini
Page 179 and 180:
Table 46 . (concluded) -~Tater temp
Page 181 and 182:
Table 47 . Water-quality trends in
Page 183 and 184:
discharge from metropolitan Mobile
Page 185 and 186:
Table 49 . Summary of geologic unit
Page 187 and 188:
affected by the surface environment
Page 189 and 190:
Longshore currents in the Gulf of M
Page 191 and 192:
consisting of a wedge of salt water
Page 193 and 194:
AI ARAMA ` FI (lRIf1A Figure 19 . E
Page 195 and 196:
~ ~ l ~ l i L j + l j* l + j* ~ + j
Page 197 and 198:
REFERENCES CLIMATOLOGY AND HYDROLOG
Page 199 and 200:
Brady, D . W . 1979 . Water resourc
Page 201 and 202:
Schroeder, W . W . 1976 . Physical
Page 203 and 204:
This 25-page document gives detaile
Page 205 and 206:
Information on the location, thickn
Page 207:
H TtiF I :r ~ . ~ .~ U _ . DEPARTME
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