Nuclear Spectroscopy

Table 14.1
Gamma-emitting Radioisotopes in Our Environment
Primordial radioisotopes that emit gammas
232
Th series 1.40 x 10 10 yrs α, β − , γ rich gamma spectrum
238
U series 7.04 x 10 8 yrs α, β − , γ Rn daughters produce gammas above 200 keV
235
U series 4.47 x 10 9 yrs α, β − , γ almost all gammas less than 220 keV
40
K 1.28 x 10 9 yrs α, β − , γ 511 keV(11%), 1461 keV (11%)
138
La 1.05 x 10 11 yrs α, β − , γ 1436 keV (70%), 789 keV (30%)
176
Lu 3.6 x 10 10 yrs α, β − , γ 307 keV (100%), 202 keV (100%),
88 keV (100%)
Some radioisotopes from fission events that emit gammas
54
Mn 313 days β − , γ 834.8 keV
60
Co 5.27 yrs β − , γ 1332.5 keV, 1173.2 keV
95
Zr 64.02 days β − , γ 756.7 keV,724.2 keV
95
Nb 34.97 days β − , γ 765.8 keV
131
I 8.040 days β − , γ 364.5 keV
134
Cs 2.05 yrs β − , γ 795.8 keV, 604.6 keV
137
Cs 30.17 yrs β − , γ 661.6 keV
133
Ba 10.53 yrs β − , γ, EC 356 keV, 81 keV, 303 keV
141
Ce 32.5 days β − , γ 145.4 keV
144
Ce 284.6 days β − , γ 133.5 keV, 80.1 keV
Radioisotopes from cosmic ray production that emit gammas
7
Be 53 days γ, EC 477 keV
26
Al 7.2 x 105 yrs β + , γ, EC 511 keV, 1810 keV
39
Cl 55 min β − , γ 246 keV, 1270 keV, 1520 keV
Some radioisotopes from medical sources that emit gammas
11
C 20.4 min β + 511 keV
18
F 109.7 min β + 511 keV
57
Co 270.9 days EC 122.1 keV, 136.5 keV
67
Ga 3.266 days EC 93.3 keV, 184.6 keV, 300.2 keV
99m
Tc 6.02 hrs β − 140.5 keV
111
In 2.8049 days EC 245.4 keV, 171.3 keV
123
I 13.2 hrs EC 159.0 keV
125
I 60.14 days EC 35.5 keV
131
I 8.04 days β − 637 keV, 364.5 keV, 284.3 keV
133
Ba 10.53 yrs β − 81 keV, 276.4 keV, 302.8 keV, 356 keV, 383.9 keV
50