Nuclear Spectroscopy

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OPERATION ON A MACINTOSH MICROCOMPUTER Power on the UCS10 hardware and double-click on the UCS10 software to start the Macintosh application in the usual way. The window that appears lists all the UCS10 hardware units connected to the computer. If more than one appears, select one and click OK. If one is not connected or its power is off, click OK. The Acquisition Control window box and the menu bar for the program appear on the screen whether or not a UCS10 hardware unit is attached or powered on. A spectrum window will appear automatically only if a UCS10 hardware is attached and powered on. Once the program is running it will be necessary to configure the system parameters for correct operation and calibration. Place a gamma-emitting check source near the detector face. 137 Cs is a good choice for many applications. SETTINGS The SETTINGS menu selection in the menu bar gives you access to all the adjustable parameters that should be set prior to acquisition. Amplifier/High Voltage This menu selection opens a dialog box with the high voltage slider controls for the PMT and the coarse/fine gain controls for the voltage pulses from the PMT. Set the high voltage to the manufacturer’s suggested value using the mouse to adjust the slider. Set the coarse gain to 4 and the fine gain to about 1.5. The Start/Stop/ Erase buttons are repeated here for your convenience. Start the data acquisition and observe the spectrum. Adjust your high voltage and amplifier gain until you observe a spectrum similar to that on page 53 or page 14. When you are satisfied with the position of the photopeak, click OK. Acquisition Control Window The Acquisition Control window box contains the controls used to start and stop acquisition, the system DEAD TIME meter display, and the REGION OF INTEREST controls. The starting and stopping of data acquisition is accomplished by clicking the Acquire box. An X in the box means that data is being acquired. A clear box means that data is not being acquired. 57
View Settings The VIEW SETTINGS menu selection lets you view in one window the values assigned to all the variable settings. Changes cannot be made to the settings in this window. Changes are made from the selections under the SETTINGS menu in the menu bar. Presets The PRESETS menu selection lets you control the duration of data acquisition by entering the length of time (preset live time or preset real time) or the number of events counted. The preset peak counts will stop data acquisition when the count in any channel equals this amount. The preset integral count will stop acquisition when the total counts in a selected region of interest equals the preset value. The region of interest in which the marker resides is the region selected at the time the preset integral counts value is set. Presets apply only to PHA mode. Dwell Times The DWELL TIMES menu selection lets you set the time that events are counted per channel for the MCS or External MCS modes. Conversion Gain The CONVERSION GAIN menu selection lets you select the conversion gain. See the discussion in the Operations section for DOS computers for more information. Most of the menu selections on the Macintosh are under the same menu bar positions as the on the DOS desktop, or are in their standard Macintosh menus. A few of the special features for the MCA operation that are not in their DOS positions, or have different behaviors from the DOS software commands are discussed below. FILE - Open This opens a UCS10 file in its own window or a UCS10 setup file containing all the acquisition parameters and presets. Both file types will appear in the standard Open File dialog box. The spectrum files are represented by document-style icons showing a miniature spectrum. Setup files are document-style icons filled with simulated controls and indicators. FILE -Select Active UCS Buffer The UCS10 contains four separate spectrum data buffers. Each buffer maintains its own data and elapsed times. All four buffers use the current amplifier and ADC settings. Data may be accumulated in only one buffer at a time. This selection activates a buffer and opens a window for its data if one is not already open. If more than one buffer window is open, a mouse click will activate the window normally. However, the only buffer that is able to acquire data is the one selected from this menu choice. The selected buffer and the SCSI address of its UCS10 is always displayed under the acquire/erase controls in the system controls window. 58
Page 1 and 2:
Experimental γ Ray Spectroscopy an
Page 3 and 4:
Published by Spectrum Techniques Al
Page 5 and 6:
I N T R O D U C T I O N INTRODUCTIO
Page 7 and 8: Cardwell, and especially Robert Bra
Page 9 and 10: OBJECTIVE Calibrate the gamma-ray s
Page 11 and 12: E X P E R I M E N T 2 Gamma Spectra
Page 13 and 14: E X P E R I M E N T 3 Detector Ener
Page 15 and 16: E X P E R I M E N T 4 Compton Scatt
Page 17 and 18: DATA ANALYSIS, A CLASSICAL APPROACH
Page 19 and 20: Figure 5.3. Spectrum for the β −
Page 21 and 22: SUPPLIES •NaI(Tl) detector with M
Page 23 and 24: 14 12 X-Ray Energy (keV) 10 8 6 4 2
Page 25 and 26: E X P E R I M E N T 8 Multichannel
Page 27 and 28: E X P E R I M E N T 9 Counting Stat
Page 29 and 30: E X P E R I M E N T 10 Absolute Act
Page 31 and 32: gammas. This is true for 22 Na and
Page 33 and 34: E X P E R I M E N T 11 Potassium 40
Page 35 and 36: Exercise 11.2 Potassium in Fertiliz
Page 37 and 38: tern mantles, will have observably
Page 39 and 40: is needed. The activities of all is
Page 41 and 42: E X P E R I M E N T 13 Uranium 238
Page 43 and 44: 1 0.8 which is coincident with the
Page 45 and 46: of this type data, more is learned
Page 47 and 48: SUPPLIES •Some form of air pump t
Page 49 and 50: Exercise 14.4 Nuclear Fission Sever
Page 51 and 52: Table 14.1 Gamma-emitting Radioisot
Page 53 and 54: INSTALLATION ON A MACINTOSH MICROCO
Page 55 and 56: Regions of Interest. Region of inte
Page 57: Position the marker at the channel
Page 61 and 62: First acquire a spectrum of the sam
Page 63 and 64: Na I (Tl) D2 Electrons Anode θ θ
Page 65 and 66: the multichannel analyzer’s typic
Page 67 and 68: The solutions to these coupled diff
Page 69 and 70: A P P E N D I X D Radioactive Decay
Page 71 and 72: 7/2+ 137 55 Cs 93.5% β 30.0 y - 90
Page 73 and 74: A P P E N D I X E List of Commonly
Page 75 and 76: Energy Element Half Life Associated
Page 77 and 78: Atomic K α1 Energy K α2 Energy K-
Page 79 and 80: C. Hohenemser and I. M. Asher,“A
Page 81: General References. Nuclides and Is
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Nuclear Spectroscopy

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