BASELINE STUDY

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While the shortcomings and functionality of the Circular and its emphasis on security are debatable, it does offer some solutions regarding the transport of the seasonal migratory agricultural labourers to the regions where they work, their accommodation, and the health and education of the children, and imposes special responsibilities on the authorities at the central and local level. For example: Article 1: With the aim of ensuring coordination among relevant institutions and organizations, conducting relevant monitoring activities, generating solutions to problems that may arise in practice and establishing a database, a “Seasonal Migratory Agricultural Labour Monitoring Board” shall be established at the central level under the chairmanship of the Deputy Undersecretary of the Ministry of Labour and Social Security with the participation of representatives of the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of National Education, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the General Directorate of Social Assistance and Solidarity of the Prime Ministry, the Turkish Employment Agency, the agricultural sector labour union with the most members and the Turkey Union of Chambers of Agriculture. Article 5: Shelter/accommodation facilities in which labourers are able to meet their basic needs such as bread making, cooking, laundry and dishwashing, and with toilet and bathroom areas, shall be provided by employers. In areas where this cannot be ensured, suitable joint settlements shall be established in places as close as possible to the areas where the labourers work most intensively with infrastructure provided by the Special Provincial Administrations. Article 11: Labourers and their families shall receive regular health screenings against infectious and contagious diseases, and child development and pregnancy checks shall be conducted periodically. If necessary, mobile health teams will be formed to carry out these services. Within the context of social services, families and their children will be provided with information and psychological support, and if there are any disabled or elderly persons, arrangements will be made to ensure that they benefit from the facilities and services which the State provides for these groups. Article12: In order for children of labourers of compulsory school age to continue their education, arrangements shall be made for children to attend the Regional Boarding Primary Schools in their usual place of settlement or in the region to which they have migrated as guest students, or to take advantage of the most suitable option such as mobile schools or bussing to the nearest school. Effective use shall be made of incentives such as conditional cash transfers and school uniforms and educational materials shall be obtained for the children from the Provincial/District Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundations. Article 12 in particular constitutes a commitment to ensuring access to education for children. However, the application of this article has been very limited in the four regions (Ordu, Yozgat, Şanlıurfa and Adana/Mersin) in which this research was conducted. Activities implemented under the Improvement of Working and Living Conditions of the Seasonal Migratory Labour Force Project (METİP) differ according to provinces. For example, while there are four camp sites in Ordu, and infrastructure has been established, the activities in Yozgat have not gone beyond the Project design stage. In Şanlıurfa, a limited number of prefabricated housing facilities have been established. No reliable data has been collected in the scope of these projects regarding the numbers of seasonal and migratory agricultural labourers. The only data available is the questionnaire administered in the scope of the Project. This means that the number of children working in seasonal and migratory agricultural labour cannot be asce tained. 26
The METIP activities implemented in Ordu and Şanlıurfa were directed towards solving the accommodation problems in these areas. The education services, health services and various types of counselling services needed by children have not been provided to the expected degree. Measures to help children out of the cycle of poverty are not being taken. The implementation of the METİP has been going on for almost three years. However, only two provinces out of the four have accommodation facilities and shelter areas have only been established in one province. The health and education services provided in these areas of shelter are limited. In the planned new shelter/accommodation areas, there is a need for holistic activities which prioritise the needs of children. In Şanlıurfa and Ordu, the Provincial Special Administration has implemented METİP since 2010. However, the METİP accommodation areas in Ordu were affected by heavy rain, followed by flooding, in August 2011, and the current infrastructure is no longer functional. METİP implementation in Ordu and Şanlıurfa has concentrated on accommodation and shelter issues. Insufficient activities have been conducted concerning health, education and advisory services, and cooperation with the institutions concerned has not been adequately developed. This situation draws attention once again to the importance in this kind of work of addressing all dimensions of the problem and involving all the relevant institutions. A further legal change related to migratory agricultural labour was the entry into force in 2011 of the “Regulation for Agricultural Intermediaries” (Official Gazette: 27.05.2011/27593), replacing the regulation of 2004 on “Licensing of Intermediaries to find Workers and Jobs in Agriculture and Inspection of Intermediaries” (Official Gazette: 14.03.2004/25402). This Regulation ensures the registry, registration and certification of agricultural intermediaries. Agricultural intermediaries are to be certified for up to three years at a time. Certification means the agricultural intermediary is permitted to work, and those without certification will not be able to practise as agricultural intermediaries. The agricultural intermediaries are to report to the Provincial Directorates of Labour and Employment Agencies and their activities are to be inspected by these directorates. Although there is a legal framework, the Turkish Employment Agency is not yet conducting any inspections in the provinces where this research was carried out. Further, there are many un-certified intermediaries who are providing seasonal and migratory agricultural labourers and are generating illegal earnings from these workers. In fact, the interviews which we conducted show that the Turkish Employment Agency is the organisation which has the least information on the issue. It could be a starting point for the staff of this organisation to receive awareness training concerning the Regulation for Agricultural Intermediaries. Similarly, employers/land owners are not taking any responsibility in respect of the labourers. Although there are no special laws pertaining to seasonal and migratory agricultural labour, there are certain limited provisions in other laws which can be enforced. However, in many cases, employers or land owners are not carrying out their responsibilities under these laws and the organisations concerned are not adequately inspecting the employers and land owners. Many responsibilities are left to the central and local administrations. This being the case, no sustainable services can be provided to seasonal and migratory agricultural labourers. It of critical importance for employers and land owners to participate in the process and to be made to carry out their responsibilities. 27
Page 1: BASELINE STUDY CONCERNING CHILDREN
Page 4 and 5: BASELINE STUDY CONCERNING CHILDREN
Page 7 and 8: LAST LESSON “... I told them: My
Page 9 and 10: Bathing Conditions.................
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Figure 2 F
Page 13 and 14: INTRODUCTION “Quality basic educa
Page 15 and 16: PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH In the ligh
Page 17 and 18: up of competent, experienced person
Page 19 and 20: Field Research on Cotton Harvest in
Page 21 and 22: provided assistance to the conduct
Page 23 and 24: This Convention has been complement
Page 25 and 26: The study conducted by Gülçubuk,
Page 27: LEGAL and INSTITUTIONAL INTERVENTIO
Page 31 and 32: FINDINGS: SITUATION OF CHILDREN IN
Page 33 and 34: the children, to work and earn and
Page 35 and 36: Similarly, the mother tongues of th
Page 37 and 38: ACCOMMODATION, SHELTER, INFRASTRUCT
Page 39 and 40: Accommodation and Shelter Condition
Page 41 and 42: HEALTH PROFILE OF CHILDREN IN SEASO
Page 43 and 44: the girls working in the field are
Page 45 and 46: they are away from their schools in
Page 47 and 48: These other reasons for liking scho
Page 49 and 50: Performance in School Children work
Page 51 and 52: Parent-School Cooperation Of the ch
Page 53 and 54: CONCLUSION “Understanding the nee
Page 55 and 56: In order to break the poverty cycle
Page 57 and 58: GÜNDÜZ-HOŞGÖR, A., KARABIYIK E.
Page 59 and 60: Questionnaire No Interviewed Child
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Page 67 and 68: 45.6 Are you able to take advantage
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Page 73 and 74: PROVINCIAL TRAFFIC CODES Adana 01 A
Page 75 and 76: Questionnaire No Household Intervie
Page 77 and 78: SECTION II LIVING CONDITIONS 6 Wher
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14. What is the toilet situation in
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17.11 Do you /your spouse/other sib
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THIS IS THE END OF THE INTERVIEW. P
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ANNEX 4 Qualitative Research: Inter
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ANNEX 5 Circular on Improving the W
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Within the context of social servic
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It was a study on seasonal agricult
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BASELINE STUDY

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