Clinical Guidelines for Acute Stroke Management - Living on the EDge

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GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS Activities of daily living: The basic elements of personal care such as eating, washing and showering, grooming, walking, standing up from a chair and using the toilet. Activity: The execution of a task or action by an individual. Activity limitations are difficulties an individual may have in executing activities. Agnosia: The inability to recognise sounds, smells, objects or body parts (other people’s or one’s own) despite having no primary sensory deficits. Aphasia: Impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and the ability to read and write. Apraxia: Impaired planning and sequencing of movement that is not due to weakness, incoordination, or sensory loss. Atrial fibrillation: Rapid, irregular beating of the heart. Augmentative and alternative communication: Non-verbal communication, e.g. through gestures or by using computerised devices. Deep vein thrombosis: Thrombosis (a clot of blood) in the deep veins of the leg, arm, or abdomen. Disability: A defect in per<strong>for</strong>ming a normal activity or action (e.g. inability to dress or walk). Dysarthria: Impaired ability to produce clear speech due to the impaired function of the speech muscles. Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing. Dysphasia: Reduced ability to communicate using language (spoken, written or gesture). Dyspraxia of speech: Inability to produce clear speech due to impaired planning and sequencing of movement in the muscles used <strong>for</strong> speech. Emotionalism: An increase in emotional behaviour - usually crying, but sometimes laughing that is outside normal control and may be unpredictable as a result of the stroke. Enteral tube feeding: Delivery of nutrients directly into the intestine via a tube. Executive function: Cognitive functions usually associated with the frontal lobes including planning, reasoning, time perception, complex goal-directed behaviour, decision making and working memory. Family support / liaison worker: Apersonwho assists stroke survivors and their families to achieve improved quality of life by providing psychosocial support and in<strong>for</strong>mation, referrals to other stroke service providers. Impairment: A problem in the structure of the body (e.g. loss of a limb) or the way the body or a body part functions (e.g. hemiplegia). Infarction: Death of cells in an organ (e.g. the brain or heart) due to lack of blood supply. Inpatient stroke care coordinator: A person who works with people with stroke and with their carers to construct care plans and discharge plans and to help coordinate the use of health care services during recovery in hospital. Interdisciplinary team: The entire rehabilitation team, made up of doctors, nurses, therapists, social workers, psychologists etc. Ischaemia: An inadequate flow of blood to part of the body due to blockage or constriction of the arteries that supply it. Neglect: The failure to attend or respond to, or make movements towards one side of the environment. Participation: Involvement in a life situation. Participation restrictions: are problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG): A <strong>for</strong>m of enteral feeding in which nutrition is delivered via a tube that is surgically inserted into the stomach through the skin. Phonological deficits: Language deficits characterised by impaired recognition and/or selection of speech sounds. Pulmonary embolism: Blockage of the pulmonary artery (which carries blood from the heart to the lungs) with a solid material, usually a blood clot or fat, that has travelled there via the circulatory system. Rehabilitation: Restoration of the disabled person to optimal physical and psychological functional independence. Risk factor: A characteristic of a person (or people) that is positively associated with a particular disease or condition. Glossary and Abbreviations 73
<strong>Stroke</strong> unit: A section of a hospital dedicated to comprehensive rehabilitation programs <strong>for</strong> people with a stroke. <strong>Stroke</strong>: Sudden and unexpected damage to brain cells that causes symptoms that last <strong>for</strong> more than 24 hours, in the parts of the body controlled by those cells. It happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is suddenly disrupted, either by blockage of an artery or by bleeding within the brain. Task-specific training: Training that involves repetition of a functional task or part of the task. Transient ischaemic attack (TIA): <strong>Stroke</strong>-like symptoms that last less than 24 hours. While TIA is not actually a stroke, it has the same cause. A TIA may be the precursor of a stroke, and people who have had a TIA require urgent assessment and treatment to prevent stroke. IV: LMWH: M/A: MAP: MCA: MBS: Intravenous Low molecular weight heparin Meta analysis Mean arterial blood pressure Middle cerebral artery Modified barium swallow MR-DWI: Magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging MRI: NG: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nasogastric NHMRC: National Health and Medical Research Council NNT: OBS: Numbers needed to treat Observational study OT: Occupational therapist Abbreviations PE: Pulmonary embolism Glossary and Abbreviations AAC: ADL: AF: CEA: Augmentative and alternative communication Activities of daily living Atrial fibrillation Carotid endarterectomy CEMRA: Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography CT: DVT: ESD: EWG: DALY: FEES: FFP: GP: ICH: ICU: INR: IPC: Computed tomography Deep vein thrombosis Early supported discharge Expert Working Group Disability adjusted life years Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing Fresh frozen plasma General Practitioner Intracranial haemorrhage Intensive care unit International normalised ratio Intermittent pneumatic compression PEG: QALYs: RCT: rFVIIa: rt-PA: RRR: SR: STAIR: STEP: TIA: TTE: TEE: UK: UFH: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Quality adjusted life years Randomised controlled trial recombinant activated factor VII Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator Relative risk reduction Systematic review <strong>Stroke</strong> transition after inpatient care <strong>Stroke</strong> Therapy Evaluation Program Transient ischaemic attack Transthoracic echocardiography Transesophageal echocardiography United Kingdom Unfractionated heparin 74
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Stop stroke. Save lives. End Suffer
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About the National Stroke</
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SECTION 6: PREVENTION AND MANAGEMEN
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KEY MESSAGES iiKey Messages This se
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1. Organisation of Services Message
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viKey Messages 3.2: Triage in emerg
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Key Messages c) Patients who fail t
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xKey Messages > avoiding excessive
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Key Messages b) The stroke survivor
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2Introduction > Nurses perf
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4Introduction studies were identifi
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1 ORGANISATION OF SERVICES 1 Organi
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CONSUMER 1.3 ORGANISATION OF CARE F
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1.8 Information an
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1.11 Standardised assessment Comple
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CONSUMER 1.13 STROKE SERVICE IMPROV
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3 EARLY ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS Th
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A notification system between emerg
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3.4 INVESTIGATIONS GRADE LEVEL a) T
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Page 98 and 99: 157 Gubitz G, Sandercock P, Counsel
Page 100 and 101: 207 Palesch YY, Hill MD, Ryckborst
Page 102 and 103: 262 Bamford J, Den
Page 104 and 105: 317 Anderson CS, Hackett ML, House
Page 106 and 107: 367 He FJ, MacGregor GA. Effect of
Page 108 and 109: 415 Saxena R, Koudstaal P. Anticoag
Page 110 and 111: 466 Glass TA, Berkman LF, Hiltunen
Page 112: 517 Sesso HD, Chen RS, L'Italien GJ
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Clinical Guidelines for Acute Stroke Management - Living on the EDge

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