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In course of their professional development or upgrading professionalism consultation with senior colleagues,
reading various newsletters, reports and other important journals, books, getting in touch with experts of
related professionals and studying whatever is placed on the notice board from time to time are essential. For
example, the Center for Energy Studies (CES) of the Tribhuwan University brings out a quarterly publication
called CES Bulletin which contains information on current problems in the energy sector since CES has been
making attempts to enhance promotion and development of Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) through
study, Research, Human Resource Development (HRD) at various levels. It has strong relations with
different Organizations, Private Agencies and Professionals. Through the medium of CES, therefore, we can
benefit much from the academic research as well as field level activities for the development of RETs
including Biogas Technology.
Biogas and Natural Resources Management (BNRM) Newsletter published by Consolidated Management
Services Nepal Ltd. is also a very popular publication. If we go through all the publications we will be
getting quite a revealing glimpse of the development of Biogas Technology in Nepal. FAO has published a
Training Manual for Extension of Biogas Technology in 1996. Although the Manual is seven years old, it
contains very important information regarding system approaches to Biogas Technology, Relevance of
Biology Technology, and Various Biogas Programmes with a brief but quite interesting history of Biogas
development in Nepal, utilization of slurry as feed and fertilizer, installation cost and financial viability.
Subsidy and Institutional Financing, Field Visit Programme, Extension Support Service for Biogas, Quality
Standards, and Monitoring and Evaluation at different levels, namely, user level, company level, programme
level, national level etc (CMS, 1996). SNV-Biogas Support Programme also has several documents such as
Implementation Document, Different Phases of BSP programmes which can be used by the Technicians to
refresh and add to the knowledge of the subject that they have been gaining from time to time. Besides what
have been mentioned here there are many other publication on the experiences of other countries such as
China and India.
11.5 CONCLUSION
The success of management lies in coordinating resources for getting the job done by working with and
through people for achieving the organizational objectives. Managerial functions consist of planning,
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling.
Management is not a static concept; it is a dynamic one. Approaches to Management have differed with the
changing demands of forces in the environment. The traditional approach was mechanistic with primary
emphasis on efficiency. Generalized principles of management were regarded universal. The behavioral
approach concentrates on people-related variable in organizational settings. People are looked upon as the
major concern of management. The quantitative approach emphasizes rational decision making with the aid
of normative models. The system approach provides an integrative framework for understanding the
important environmental forces affecting organizations. It emphasizes totality of the system rather than its
parts. The contingency approach emphasizes organizational designs and management practices appropriate
for specific situations. There is no one best way. The best way depends on the demand of situation.
Various approaches to management are by no means mutually exclusive. Effective management practices
must make use of a judicious mix of various approaches for accomplishing the desired objectives.
Unfortunately management in Nepal can be called to be a feudocratic -mechanistic system with little concern
both for the people and for the efficiency. Old management approach is deeply entrenched in the functioning
of Nepalese Managers. Professionalism has only slowly being regarded important in management.
Men and organizations of men must be prepared to adapt to the changing forces of environment.
Management in Nepal must, therefore, modernize itself through an increasing awareness of professionalism
in order lo meet the changing demands of the forces in this environment milieu of Nepal.
// must be remembered that effective managers are made but not born.
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