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utilization of bio-slurry as fertilizer. REFERENCES [1] BSP (1992) Implementation Document, ADB/N, GGC and <strong>SNV</strong>. [2] BSP (1997) Final Report on the Biogas Support Programme Phase-I and II Development through the Market. [3] BSP (2003) Biogas Nepal 2002, Biogas Support Programme. [4] CMS (1996) Biogas Technology: A Training Manual for Extension, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Support for Development of National Biogas Programme (FAO/TCP/Nep/4451-T). [5] de Castro J.F.M., A.K. Dhussa, J.H.M. Opdam and B.B. Silwal (1994) Mid-term Evaluation of the Biogas Support Programme, DGIS. [6] de Castro J.F.M., N.R. Kanel and P. Jha (1999) Mid-term Review of the Biogas Support Programme. Part of Phase III, Biogas Support Programme. [7| Karki, A. B. and K. Dixit (1984) Biogas Field book, Sahayogi Press, Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal. [8] Kanel, N.R. (1999) An Evaluation of BSP Subsidy Scheme for Biogas plants, Biogas Support Programme. [9] NPC (1992) The Eight Five- Year Plan 1992-1997, National Planning Commission, Kathmandu, Nepal. 120
CHAPTER XV QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM OF BIOGAS PLANTS 15.1 WHY QUALITY CONTROL? As per General Quality Manual of BSP, Quality Control is part of quality management focused for fulfilling quality requirements. Quality control is a regulatory process through which we measure actual quality performance, compare it with quality goals and act on the difference. The quality of information, design, construction, operation and after sales service is the main tasks related to this. 15.2 HOW DO WE DO? The biogas companies are responsible to construct plants as per the quality standards. They use quality biogas appliances and provide guarantee on both appliances and structure. After the completion of the plants the companies send the completion report to BSP as well as the yearly maintenance report. Only a biogas plant in its first year can be checked or controlled for construction. It will be a final product audit for After Sale Service (ASS) the next year. For construction control at least 5 percent of the plants from random sampling are controlled with a minimum of two plants per branch for both filled and non-filled plants. Similarly, there is a provision of control of ASS plants that has guarantee time. The ASS is also linked with random sampling of 5 percent, which is the average of the last two years construction related to the guarantee period. The process for controlling these plants is that two technicians comprising of one team go with at least one company representative to the sampled biogas plant. After introducing with the respondent one of the technicians fill in the core data of the questionnaires through interview while the other handles the observation and measurement part. When the questionnaire is totally filled in, both the technicians sign and hand over the questionnaire to the company representative. The company representative also signs if he agrees with the findings. The technicians also give advice on the findings to the company representative and the owner of the plant during the visit. The visit to the specific biogas plant is recorded in the biogas owner's manual. For construction control the task is related to three questionnaires, the data of which are linked with BPI calculation. (i) Filled-this is a biogas plant constructed as per construction manual and quality standards. The plant is filled with dung up to the top of manhole or bottom of outlet. (ii) Non-Filled Long-a biogas plant under construction where the dome has already been cast though outlet, inlet, pipeline; water drain pit etc may still be under construction. (iii) Non-filled short- a biogas plant under construction where dome has not been yet cast, Similarly, two questionnaires are related to final product audit for ASS, which is compiled in one paper. (i) ASS form (ii) Slurry form The ASS questionnaire is linked with random sampling and is included in the BPI© while the data of slurry is not. 15.3 NATIONAL QUALITY REVIEW MEETING The findings of the control trip must be reported during the three weekly cycle meeting on Friday when the technicians are back in the office after a two-week control field trip. The participants of this meeting are, the Senior Quality Management Officer (SQMO), quality control team members, the representatives from AEPC 121
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BIOGAS As Renewable Source of Energ
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FOREWORD I have the pleasure to go
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EDITORS NOTE Since its inception fr
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IBS IEIA IOE INGO IQC IRR JBT KfW K
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TABLE CONTENTS FOREWORD EDITOR'S NO
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13.5 Long-term Government Policy 11
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Table 1.2
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Figure 5.6 Figure 5.7 Figure 5.8 Fi
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CHAPTER I CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS
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Figure 1.1 clearly indicates that t
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CHAPTER II DESIGN CONCEPT AND RELAT
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Chinese model fixed dome biogas pla
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2.2.4 Other Designs Figure 2.4: Dee
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Anaerobic Filter: The anaerobic fil
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■ Suitable foundation condition -
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Solution: From Table 2.2: 1 cow yie
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2.6.2 Volume Calculations for Chine
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The resultant force is as follows:
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CHAPTER III MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN
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substances are solubilized into sim
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3.4 FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL ACT
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CHAPTER IV VARIOUS USES OF BIOGAS A
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Figure 4.5: Sketch of Ujeli Biogas
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The volume of water form the 5 HP p
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. Availability of Fertilizer Cattle
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d. Needs Match Sticks More matchsti
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In which Q = rate of heat loss, (en
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. Integration of Solar Energy Integ
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5.4.1 Biogas Reactor at Lukla/Mosi
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Figure 5.8: The Flat View of the Pi
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CHAPTER VI BIOGAS IN RELATION TO OT
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Table 6.1: Impact of Biogas on vari
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Chinese experience shows that if th
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7.2 NITROGEN CYCLE Bio-slurry is ri
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7.4.2 Nutrient Content of Bio-slurr
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To avoid the loss of ammonia (NH 4
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Experiment with Bio-slurry on Maize
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stated that cucumber yielded double
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7.8.5 Philippines In the Philippine
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Cross Section—B-B Figure 7.4: Mod
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CHAPTER VIII BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM
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■ ■ ■ Excreta available /day
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It is to be noted that the settling
Page 88 and 89: 8.43 Operation of Biodigester After
Page 90 and 91: 9.1.2 Raw Materials Utilized for Fe
Page 92 and 93: help design large anaerobic digeste
Page 94 and 95: Inlet and outlet of the biodigester
Page 96 and 97: CHAPTER X IMPLICATIONS OF BIOGAS ON
Page 98 and 99: 10.43 Substitution of Agricultural
Page 100 and 101: 10.8 CARBON EMISSION SAVED FROM THE
Page 102 and 103: industrial, military or other organ
Page 104 and 105: apidly. The techniques that have fo
Page 106 and 107: 11.2.7 Contingency Approach The ess
Page 108 and 109: have to deal not only with one leve
Page 110 and 111: REFERENCES [1] CES/IOE (2001) Role
Page 112 and 113: . Internal rates of return (IRRS) a
Page 114 and 115: Other assumptions made while calcul
Page 116 and 117: Table 12.1: Summary of Financial Ra
Page 118 and 119: Table 12.4: Summary of Financial Ra
Page 120 and 121: Table 12.7: Financial Rates of Retu
Page 122 and 123: IRRs are higher when increased nutr
Page 124 and 125: CHAPTER XIII BIOGAS POTENTIAL AND F
Page 126 and 127: would be available since the number
Page 128 and 129: 13.2 FUTURE PERSPECTIVE IN NEPAL 13
Page 130 and 131: 13.3.1 Institutional Strengthening
Page 132 and 133: ■ ■ Reducing dependency on impo
Page 134 and 135: CHAPTER XIV ROLE OF VARIOUS ACTORS
Page 136 and 137: ■ ■ ■ To construct 13,000 bio
Page 140 and 141: and NBPG. Sometimes a company may b
Page 142 and 143: CHAPTERXVI IMPACT OF BIOGAS ON USER
Page 144 and 145: of dung, On the other hand, 33 perc
Page 146 and 147: CHAPTER XVII IMPACT OF BIOGAS ON HE
Page 148 and 149: Figure 17.1: Perceived Reduction in
Page 150 and 151: 27 percent of households with bioga
Page 152 and 153: Majority of biogas households (95.5
Page 154 and 155: Table 18,1: Sampling of Biogas Hous
Page 156 and 157: as the probable reasons for non-ope
Page 158 and 159: Table 18.7 shows that majority of t
Page 160 and 161: variations. Assuming that 1 hour of
Page 162 and 163: Status Table 18.15: Comparison of t
Page 164 and 165: contributes to the saving of Rs. 6.
Page 166 and 167: Table 18.22: Kerosene Replacement a
Page 168 and 169: The survey results on Carbon emissi
Page 170 and 171: CHAPTER XIX WORKLOAD OF WOMEN AND G
Page 172 and 173: Looking into the division of activi
Page 174 and 175: 19.3 STUDIES OF BIOGAS USERS WITH F
Page 176 and 177: co-operative manner so that the wea
Page 178 and 179: Biogas user women perceived that bi
Page 180 and 181: 20.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER XX FINANC
Page 182 and 183: portion of the construction cost of
Page 184 and 185: CHAPTER XXI CONSTRAINTS AND PROBLEM
Page 186 and 187: 21.6.4 Mosquito Breeding after Biog
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(FAOm:P/Nep/4451-T). [33] CMS (1996
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